रोशन (roshan)

adjective An adjective meaning 'lit up, bright, illuminated,' used both literally (a lit lamp or room) and figuratively (a bright face, a name made famous). Related to the noun रोशनी (roshnii, 'light, brightness').

Sense 1 : lit up, illuminated (physically bright)

adjective

Synonyms: प्रकाशित (prakaashit, formal), जगमगाता (jagamgaataa, sparkling/glittering)

Frequency: high

Cultural Note: You will hear this constantly around Diwali: घर रोशन है (ghar roshan hai, 'the house is lit up') describing homes strung with diyas and lights. It pairs naturally with करना (karnaa) in the causative sense of 'to light up' -- घर को रोशन करना (ghar ko roshan karnaa, 'to light up the house').

Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes confuse रोशन (roshan) with रोशनी (roshnii) -- रोशन (roshan) is the adjective describing something as lit up, while रोशनी (roshnii) is the noun 'light' itself, as in the light source or glow.

Sample Sentences:

दीवाली पर पूरा घर रोशन है। On Diwali the whole house is lit up.

(diivaalii par pooraa ghar roshan hai।)

हमने दिए जलाकर घर को रोशन किया। We lit up the house by lighting diyas.

(hamne die jalaakar ghar ko roshan kiyaa।)

बाज़ार की सारी दुकानें रोशनी से रोशन थीं। All the shops in the market were lit up with lights.

(baazaar kii saarii dukaanen roshnii se roshan thiin।)

पूरा मंदिर लाइटों से रोशन हो रहा है। The whole temple is being lit up with lights.

(pooraa mandir laaiton se roshan ho rahaa hai।)

कृपया गली को रोशन करें, बहुत अंधेरा है। Please light up the street, it's very dark.

(kripyaa galii ko roshan karen, bahut andheraa hai।)

अगर बिजली आ जाए तो पूरी कॉलोनी रोशन हो जाएगी। If the electricity comes, the whole colony will light up.

(agar bijlii aa jaae to poorii kolonii roshan ho jaaegii।)

अगर मोमबत्तियाँ होतीं तो कमरा रोशन होता। If there had been candles, the room would have been lit up.

(agar mombattiyaan hotiin to kamraa roshan hotaa।)

शहर को झालरों से रोशन किया गया था। The city had been lit up with string lights.

(shahar ko jhaalron se roshan kiyaa gayaa thaa।)

हर साल दशहरे पर रावण का पुतला रोशन किया जाता है। Every year on Dussehra, Ravana's effigy is lit up.

(har saal dashahre par raavan kaa putlaa roshan kiyaa jaataa hai।)

रात होते ही पूरा स्टेडियम रोशन हो गया। As soon as night fell, the whole stadium lit up.

(raat hote hii pooraa stediyam roshan ho gayaa।)

इंडिया गेट को हरे-भगवा रंग की लाइटों से रोशन किया गया है। India Gate has been lit up with green and saffron colored lights.

(indiyaa get ko hare-bhagvaa rang kii laaiton se roshan kiyaa gayaa hai।)

Sense 2 : bright, radiant (of a face, eyes, future)

adjective

Synonyms: चमकता (chamaktaa, glowing), उज्ज्वल (ujjval, literary)

Frequency: high

Cultural Note: A mother telling her child तेरा भविष्य रोशन हो (teraa bhavishy roshan ho, 'may your future be bright') is a very common blessing in Hindi households -- रोशन (roshan) here carries the same warm hopefulness as 'bright' does in English for a person's prospects or expression.

Sample Sentences:

तेरा भविष्य रोशन हो। May your future be bright.

(teraa bhavishy roshan ho।)

जब उसने खुशखबरी सुनी, तो उसका चेहरा रोशन हो गया। When she heard the good news, her face lit up with joy.

(jab usne khushkhabrii sunii, to uskaa chehraa roshan ho gayaa।)

बच्चे की आँखें उपहार देखकर रोशन हो उठीं। The child's eyes lit up on seeing the gift.

(bachche kii aankhen upahaar dekhkar roshan ho uthiin।)

अगर तुम मेहनत करते तो तुम्हारा भविष्य आज इतना रोशन होता। If you had worked hard, your future would be this bright today.

(agar tum mehnat karte to tumhaaraa bhavishy aaj itnaa roshan hotaa।)

माँ हमेशा कहती है कि उसके बच्चों का भविष्य रोशन रहेगा। Mother always says that her children's future will be bright.

(maan hameshaa kahtii hai ki uske bachchon kaa bhavishy roshan rahegaa।)

उसका चेहरा हमेशा रोशन रहता है, चाहे कितनी भी परेशानी हो। Her face always stays radiant, no matter how much trouble there is.

(uskaa chehraa hameshaa roshan rahtaa hai, chaahe kitnii bhii pareshaanii ho।)

भगवान करे तुम्हारा हर सपना रोशन भविष्य में बदल जाए। May God turn every dream of yours into a bright future.

(bhagvaan kare tumhaaraa har sapnaa roshan bhavishy men badal jaae।)

गुरुजी ने आशीर्वाद दिया, 'तुम्हारा भविष्य रोशन हो, बेटा।' The teacher blessed him, saying, 'May your future be bright, son.'

(gurujii ne aashiirvaad diyaa, 'tumhaaraa bhavishy roshan ho, betaa।')

परीक्षा में सफलता से उसका चेहरा रोशन हो गया था। Her face had brightened up with the success in the exam.

(pariikshaa men saphaltaa se uskaa chehraa roshan ho gayaa thaa।)

अच्छी शिक्षा से ही देश के बच्चों का भविष्य रोशन बनाया जा सकता है। Only through good education can the future of the nation's children be made bright.

(achchhii shikshaa se hii desh ke bachchon kaa bhavishy roshan banaayaa jaa saktaa hai।)

बेटा, मन लगाकर पढ़ो ताकि तुम्हारा भविष्य रोशन हो सके। Son, study attentively so that your future can be bright.

(betaa, man lagaakar padho taaki tumhaaraa bhavishy roshan ho sake।)

Sense 3 : famous, illustrious (of a name)

adjective Common in the fixed phrase नाम रोशन करना (naam roshan karnaa, 'to bring honor/fame to one's name'), where रोशन (roshan) figuratively extends 'lit up' to 'made bright/famous.'

Synonyms: प्रसिद्ध (prasiddh), मशहूर (mashahoor)

Frequency: medium

Cultural Note: अपने माँ-बाप का नाम रोशन करना (apne maan-baap kaa naam roshan karnaa, 'to make one's parents' name shine/proud') is a phrase parents use often, tied to the cultural weight placed on children bringing honor to the family name.

Sample Sentences:

बेटे ने मेहनत करके अपने माँ-बाप का नाम रोशन कर दिया। Through hard work, the son made his parents' name shine.

(bete ne mehnat karke apne maan-baap kaa naam roshan kar diyaa।)

हर माँ-बाप चाहते हैं कि उनका बच्चा उनका नाम रोशन करे। Every parent wants their child to make their name illustrious.

(har maan-baap chaahte hain ki unkaa bachchaa unkaa naam roshan kare।)

बेटा, पढ़-लिखकर हमारा नाम रोशन करना। Son, study hard and make our name shine.

(betaa, padh-likhkar hamaaraa naam roshan karnaa।)

अगर वह डॉक्टर बन जाता, तो अपने परिवार का नाम रोशन कर देता। If he had become a doctor, he would have made his family's name illustrious.

(agar vah doktar ban jaataa, to apne parivaar kaa naam roshan kar detaa।)

उस खिलाड़ी ने ओलंपिक में मेडल जीतकर देश का नाम रोशन किया है। That athlete has made the country's name renowned by winning a medal at the Olympics.

(us khilaadii ne olampik men medal jiitkar desh kaa naam roshan kiyaa hai।)

इस खानदान का नाम सदियों से रोशन रहा है। This family's name has been illustrious for centuries.

(is khaandaan kaa naam sadiyon se roshan rahaa hai।)

क्या तुम सच में अपने माँ-बाप का नाम रोशन करना चाहते हो, या सिर्फ कहते हो? Do you really want to make your parents' name shine, or do you just say that?

(kyaa tum sach men apne maan-baap kaa naam roshan karnaa chaahte ho, yaa sirph kahte ho?)

यह पुरस्कार पाकर वह अपने गुरु का नाम रोशन करेगा। By winning this award, he will bring glory to his teacher's name.

(yah puraskaar paakar vah apne guru kaa naam roshan karegaa।)

उनके नाम को इस शहर में सदा रोशन रखा जाएगा। Their name will always be kept illustrious in this city.

(unke naam ko is shahar men sadaa roshan rakhaa jaaegaa।)

Morphology

Adjective (invariant)

invariant: रोशन (roshan)