शुद्ध (shuddh)
adjective
A learned/formal adjective covering 'pure' in several linked senses -- physically/ritually pure, linguistically/grammatically correct, and morally pure -- plus a set-phrase use meaning 'net' in financial contexts.
Sense
1
:
pure, uncontaminated (physical/ritual)
adjective
Synonyms: पवित्र (pavitr), निर्मल (nirmal, literary), खरा (kharaa, everyday, esp. metals/character)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will see this word constantly on food packaging and water bottles in Delhi -- शुद्ध शाकाहारी (shuddh shaakaahaarii, 'pure vegetarian') is a common sign outside restaurants and roadside dhabas, signaling that no meat or eggs are used in the kitchen at all.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for पवित्र (pavitr) for everything 'pure,' but शुद्ध (shuddh) is the more common everyday choice for physical purity, like शुद्ध पानी (shuddh paanii, 'pure water') or शुद्ध घी (shuddh ghii, 'pure ghee') -- पवित्र (pavitr) leans more sacred/ritual.
Sample Sentences:
यह होटल शुद्ध शाकाहारी है।
This hotel is pure vegetarian.
(yah hotal shuddh shaakaahaarii hai।)
गंगाजल को शुद्ध माना जाता है।
Ganges water is considered pure.
(gangaajal ko shuddh maanaa jaataa hai।)
क्या यह पानी पीने के लिए शुद्ध है?
Is this water pure enough to drink?
(kyaa yah paanii piine ke lie shuddh hai?)
पहले दूध बिल्कुल शुद्ध होता था, अब मिलावट होती है।
Earlier the milk used to be completely pure, now there's adulteration.
(pahle doodh bilkul shuddh hotaa thaa, ab milaavat hotii hai।)
इस तेल को शुद्ध करने के लिए फिर से छानो।
Strain this oil again to purify it.
(is tel ko shuddh karne ke lie phir se chhaano।)
अगर हवा शुद्ध होती, तो दिल्ली में सांस लेना इतना मुश्किल न होता।
If the air were pure, breathing in Delhi wouldn't be this hard.
(agar havaa shuddh hotii, to dillii men saans lenaa itnaa mushkil n hotaa।)
पूजा के लिए शुद्ध घी ही इस्तेमाल करना चाहिए।
For worship, only pure ghee should be used.
(poojaa ke lie shuddh ghii hii istemaal karnaa chaahie।)
यह मंदिर शुद्ध सोने से बना है।
This temple is made of pure gold.
(yah mandir shuddh sone se banaa hai।)
दुकानदार ने कहा कि यह शहद बिल्कुल शुद्ध है, कोई मिलावट नहीं।
The shopkeeper said this honey is completely pure, no adulteration.
(dukaandaar ne kahaa ki yah shahad bilkul shuddh hai, koii milaavat nahiin।)
यज्ञ में हमेशा शुद्ध जल और शुद्ध सामग्री का इस्तेमाल होता है।
In a yajna, only pure water and pure materials are always used.
(yagy men hameshaa shuddh jal aur shuddh saamagrii kaa istemaal hotaa hai।)
बोतल पर लिखा है कि यह सौ प्रतिशत शुद्ध जैतून का तेल है।
It's written on the bottle that this is one hundred percent pure olive oil.
(botal par likhaa hai ki yah sau pratishat shuddh jaitoon kaa tel hai।)
Sense
2
:
correct, standard (of language, pronunciation, grammar)
adjective
Synonyms: सही (sahii, more everyday), सटीक (satiik, precise/accurate)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Teachers and grammar sticklers use शुद्ध (shuddh) to mean 'proper' Hindi as opposed to the Hindi-English mix heard on the street; calling someone's Hindi अशुद्ध (ashuddh, 'impure/incorrect') is a common, slightly pointed correction.
Common Mistakes: 1) In a language-teaching context, शुद्ध हिंदी (shuddh hindii, 'correct/proper Hindi') refers to standard, grammatically correct usage rather than an informal or mixed-register version, so it carries a slight tone of formality or even purism when used to critique someone's speech.
Sample Sentences:
आपको शुद्ध हिंदी बोलनी चाहिए।
You should speak correct Hindi.
(aapko shuddh hindii bolnii chaahie।)
मास्टर जी हमेशा शुद्ध उच्चारण पर ज़ोर देते हैं।
The teacher always insists on correct pronunciation.
(maastar jii hameshaa shuddh uchchaaran par zor dete hain।)
तुमने वाक्य में एक गलती की, यह शुद्ध नहीं है।
You made a mistake in the sentence, this isn't correct.
(tumne vaaky men ek galtii kii, yah shuddh nahiin hai।)
उसकी हिंदी बहुत शुद्ध है, बिल्कुल किताबी लगती है।
Her Hindi is very correct, it sounds completely bookish.
(uskii hindii bahut shuddh hai, bilkul kitaabii lagtii hai।)
अगर तुम शुद्ध हिंदी बोलते तो सब समझ जाते।
If you spoke correct Hindi, everyone would understand.
(agar tum shuddh hindii bolte to sab samajh jaate।)
कृपया शब्दों का शुद्ध उच्चारण करें।
Please pronounce the words correctly.
(kripyaa shabdon kaa shuddh uchchaaran karen।)
उसने जो हिंदी लिखी, वह पूरी तरह शुद्ध थी।
The Hindi he wrote was completely correct.
(usne jo hindii likhii, vah poorii tarah shuddh thii।)
क्या तुम्हें यकीन है कि यह व्याकरण शुद्ध है?
Are you sure this grammar is correct?
(kyaa tumhen yakiin hai ki yah vyaakran shuddh hai?)
गली में बोली जाने वाली हिंदी अशुद्ध मानी जाती है, जबकि दूरदर्शन की भाषा शुद्ध कही जाती है।
The Hindi spoken in the street is considered impure, whereas the language of Doordarshan is called correct.
(galii men bolii jaane vaalii hindii ashuddh maanii jaatii hai, jabki doordarshan kii bhaashaa shuddh kahii jaatii hai।)
बच्चों को स्कूल में शुद्ध हिंदी सिखाई जाती है।
Children are taught correct Hindi in school.
(bachchon ko skool men shuddh hindii sikhaaii jaatii hai।)
Sense
3
:
pure, uncorrupted (of character, intention, heart)
adjective
Synonyms: निष्कपट (nishkpat, literary, 'guileless'), साफ (saaph, everyday, esp. 'clean/clear' intention)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You'll hear this in phrases like शुद्ध मन से (shuddh man se, 'with a pure heart/intention'), often in devotional or moral contexts -- praying, apologizing, or describing someone's motives as sincere rather than self-serving.
Sample Sentences:
उसने शुद्ध मन से माफी माँगी।
He apologized with a pure heart.
(usne shuddh man se maaphii maangii।)
मैं शुद्ध मन से तुमसे यह बात कह रहा हूँ।
I am telling you this with a pure and honest intention.
(main shuddh man se tumse yah baat kah rahaa hoon।)
भगवान से शुद्ध हृदय से प्रार्थना करो।
Pray to God with a pure heart.
(bhagvaan se shuddh hriday se praarthnaa karo।)
अगर उसकी नीयत शुद्ध होती, तो वह ऐसा धोखा कभी न देता।
If his intentions were pure, he would never have cheated like that.
(agar uskii niiyat shuddh hotii, to vah aisaa dhokhaa kabhii n detaa।)
संत सदा शुद्ध हृदय से जीवन जीते हैं।
Saints always live their lives with a pure heart.
(sant sadaa shuddh hriday se jiivan jiite hain।)
क्या तुम्हारा इरादा सचमुच शुद्ध है?
Is your intention really pure?
(kyaa tumhaaraa iraadaa sachmuch shuddh hai?)
शायद उसका मन शुद्ध हो, इसलिए सबको माफ कर देता है।
Maybe his heart is pure, that's why he forgives everyone.
(shaayad uskaa man shuddh ho, islie sabko maaph kar detaa hai।)
गुरुजी ने कहा कि शुद्ध मन से किया गया कर्म ही सच्चा पुण्य है।
The guru said that only an act done with a pure heart is true virtue.
(gurujii ne kahaa ki shuddh man se kiyaa gayaa karm hii sachchaa puny hai।)
उसकी शुद्ध भावना को सबने सराहा।
Everyone appreciated his pure and sincere feeling.
(uskii shuddh bhaavnaa ko sabne saraahaa।)
Sense
4
:
net (of weight, profit, income -- after deductions)
adjective This financial/quantitative sense pairs typically with nouns like वज़न (vazan, 'weight'), लाभ (laabh, 'profit'), or आय (aay, 'income'), contrasting with सकल (sakal, 'gross').
Synonyms: नेट (net, English loanword, informal/business use)
Frequency: low
Cultural Note: This shows up on business and tax paperwork -- शुद्ध लाभ (shuddh laabh, 'net profit') is the standard term you'd see in a shopkeeper's accounts or a company balance sheet, paired against सकल आय (sakal aay, 'gross income').
Sample Sentences:
इस महीने हमारा शुद्ध लाभ पिछले महीने से ज़्यादा है।
This month our net profit is higher than last month's.
(is mahiine hamaaraa shuddh laabh pichhle mahiine se zyaadaa hai।)
सारे खर्चे काटने के बाद शुद्ध आय बहुत कम रह जाती है।
After deducting all the expenses, the net income turns out to be very little.
(saare kharche kaatne ke baad shuddh aay bahut kam rah jaatii hai।)
बैलेंस शीट में शुद्ध लाभ अलग से दिखाया गया है।
The net profit has been shown separately in the balance sheet.
(bailens shiit men shuddh laabh alag se dikhaayaa gayaa hai।)
टैक्स भरने से पहले अपनी शुद्ध आय की गणना कर लें।
Calculate your net income before filing taxes.
(taiks bharne se pahle apnii shuddh aay kii gannaa kar len।)
अगर सारे टैक्स न हों तो शुद्ध लाभ दोगुना होता।
If there were no taxes at all, the net profit would be double.
(agar saare taiks n hon to shuddh laabh dogunaa hotaa।)
दुकानदार ने बताया कि इस साल शुद्ध लाभ सकल आय के मुकाबले काफी कम रहा।
The shopkeeper mentioned that this year the net profit was quite low compared to the gross income.
(dukaandaar ne bataayaa ki is saal shuddh laabh sakal aay ke mukaable kaaphii kam rahaa।)
कंपनी के शुद्ध लाभ में हर साल थोड़ी बढ़ोतरी होती रहती है।
The company's net profit keeps increasing a little every year.
(kampnii ke shuddh laabh men har saal thodii badhotrii hotii rahtii hai।)
अकाउंटेंट से पूछो कि शुद्ध आय कितनी बनती है।
Ask the accountant how much the net income comes out to be.
(akaauntent se poochho ki shuddh aay kitnii bantii hai।)
Morphology
Adjective (variable)
(sg.m):
शुद्ध
(shuddh)
(pl.m):
शुद्धे
(shuddhe)
(sg.f):
शुद्धी
(shuddhii)
(pl.f):
शुद्धी
(shuddhii)