मालूम (maaloom)
adjective/verb
An adjective/predicate-complement word meaning 'known' -- almost always used with होना (honaa) 'to be known/aware' or पड़ना (padnaa) 'to find out, come to know', both in dative-subject constructions.
Sense
1
:
known, aware (of something)
adjective Used almost exclusively with होना (honaa) in the pattern X को Y मालूम है (X ko Y maaloom hai) -- 'X knows Y', literally 'Y is known to X'. The knower is marked with को (ko), not the subject of an active verb.
Synonyms: पता (pataa), ज्ञात (gyaat, formal/literary)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the classic 'knowledge is something that is known to you' construction in Hindi -- the knower never actively 'does' the knowing, they simply have the state applied to them via को (ko). You'll hear मुझे मालूम है (mujhe maaloom hai, 'I know') constantly in everyday Delhi conversation, often with a shrug, as a slightly more considered alternative to मुझे पता है (mujhe pataa hai).
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often try to use मालूम (maaloom) like a verb ('main maaluum karataa huun'), but it is not a verb -- it pairs with होना (honaa) or पड़ना (padnaa), never conjugates on its own. 2) मुझे मालूम है (mujhe maaloom hai, 'I know') is often confused with मुझे पता है (mujhe pataa hai) -- both are correct and largely interchangeable, but मालूम (maaloom) tends to feel slightly more formal/considered than the very casual पता (pataa).
Sample Sentences:
मुझे मालूम है कि वो आज नहीं आएगा।
I know that he won't come today.
(mujhe maaloom hai ki vo aaj nahiin aaegaa।)
क्या तुम्हें उसका नया पता मालूम है?
Do you know his new address?
(kyaa tumhen uskaa nayaa pataa maaloom hai?)
मुझे यह बात पहले से मालूम थी।
I already knew this fact beforehand.
(mujhe yah baat pahle se maaloom thii।)
उसे शायद यह सच्चाई मालूम नहीं होगी।
He probably doesn't know this truth.
(use shaayad yah sachchaaii maaloom nahiin hogii।)
अगर मुझे यह मालूम होता, तो मैं पहले ही बता देता।
If I had known this, I would have told you earlier.
(agar mujhe yah maaloom hotaa, to main pahle hii bataa detaa।)
सबको मालूम होना चाहिए कि नियम क्या हैं।
Everyone should know what the rules are.
(sabko maaloom honaa chaahie ki niyam kyaa hain।)
जहाँ तक मुझे मालूम है, मीटिंग कल है।
As far as I know, the meeting is tomorrow.
(jahaan tak mujhe maaloom hai, miiting kal hai।)
अरे यार, मुझे क्या मालूम वो कहाँ गया है!
Oh man, how would I know where he's gone!
(are yaar, mujhe kyaa maaloom vo kahaan gayaa hai!)
यह बात सबको मालूम है कि वह कंपनी डूब रही है।
Everyone knows that the company is sinking.
(yah baat sabko maaloom hai ki vah kampnii doob rahii hai।)
मुझे अच्छी तरह मालूम है कि तुम झूठ बोल रहे हो।
I know full well that you're lying.
(mujhe achchhii tarah maaloom hai ki tum jhooth bol rahe ho।)
जनता को इस घोटाले के बारे में मालूम होना ज़रूरी है।
It is necessary for the public to know about this scam.
(jantaa ko is ghotaale ke baare men maaloom honaa zaroorii hai।)
Sense
2
:
to find out, come to know, learn (something)
verb, intransitive Occurs in the fixed compound मालूम पड़ना (maaloom padnaa) or मालूम होना (maaloom honaa) meaning 'to come to know, to turn out (that)', with the experiencer marked by को (ko) and पड़ना (padnaa) carrying the sense of a fact 'landing on' or being discovered by someone.
Synonyms: पता चलना (pataa chalnaa)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Where मालूम होना (maaloom honaa) with a static sense just states a known fact, adding पड़ना (padnaa) shifts the flavor toward a fact suddenly becoming known or a first impression forming -- close to English 'it turns out' or 'it seems.'
Common Mistakes: 1) मालूम पड़ना (maaloom padnaa) can also mean 'to seem, to appear' (e.g. 'यह ठीक मालूम पड़ता है' (yah thiik maaloom padtaa hai, 'this seems fine')) -- learners sometimes miss this 'seem' shade and only think of it as 'find out.'
Sample Sentences:
जब मुझे मालूम पड़ा कि वह शहर छोड़ चुका है, तब तक बहुत देर हो चुकी थी।
By the time I found out that he had already left the city, it was too late.
(jab mujhe maaloom padaa ki vah shahar chhod chukaa hai, tab tak bahut der ho chukii thii।)
मुझे अभी-अभी मालूम पड़ा है कि उसकी नौकरी छूट गई।
I just found out that he lost his job.
(mujhe abhii-abhii maaloom padaa hai ki uskii naukrii chhoot gaii।)
अगर उसे मालूम पड़ जाए कि हमने झूठ बोला था, तो वह बहुत गुस्सा होगा।
If he finds out that we lied, he'll be very angry.
(agar use maaloom pad jaae ki hamne jhooth bolaa thaa, to vah bahut gussaa hogaa।)
काश मुझे पहले ही मालूम पड़ गया होता, तो मैं वहाँ नहीं जाता।
I wish I had found out earlier, then I wouldn't have gone there.
(kaash mujhe pahle hii maaloom pad gayaa hotaa, to main vahaan nahiin jaataa।)
तहकीकात से मालूम पड़ता है कि हादसा तेज़ रफ़्तार की वजह से हुआ।
The investigation reveals that the accident happened because of speeding.
(tahkiikaat se maaloom padtaa hai ki haadsaa tez raftaar kii vajah se huaa।)
उससे मिलकर मालूम पड़ा कि वह बहुत ईमानदार आदमी है।
After meeting him, it turned out that he's a very honest man.
(usse milkar maaloom padaa ki vah bahut iimaandaar aadmii hai।)
पता नहीं कब मालूम पड़ेगा कि असली गुनहगार कौन है।
Who knows when it will be found out who the real culprit is.
(pataa nahiin kab maaloom padegaa ki aslii gunahgaar kaun hai।)
जाँच के दौरान कई नए तथ्य मालूम पड़े।
Several new facts came to light during the investigation.
(jaanch ke dauraan kaii nae tathy maaloom pade।)
मुझे बाद में मालूम पड़ा कि टिकट पहले ही बिक चुके थे।
I found out later that the tickets had already been sold.
(mujhe baad men maaloom padaa ki tikat pahle hii bik chuke the।)
Morphology
Adjective (invariant)
invariant:
मालूम
(maaloom)
Verb
infinitive:
मालूम
(maaloom)
infinitive oblique:
मालूने
(maaloone)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
मालूता
(maalootaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
मालूते
(maaloote)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
मालूती
(maalootii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
मालूतीं
(maalootiin)
continuous (sg.m):
मालू रहा
(maaloo rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
मालू रहे
(maaloo rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
मालू रही
(maaloo rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
मालू रहीं
(maaloo rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
मालुआ
(maaluaa)
perfective (pl.m):
मालुए
(maalue)
perfective (sg.f):
मालुई
(maaluii)
perfective (pl.f):
मालुईं
(maaluiin)
imperative (informal):
मालू
(maaloo)
imperative (neutral):
मालुओ
(maaluo)
imperative (formal):
मालुइये
(maaluiye)
future (1sg.m):
मालुऊँगा
(maaluoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
मालुऊँगी
(maaluoongii)
future (1pl.m):
मालुएँगे
(maaluenge)
future (1pl.f):
मालुएँगी
(maaluengii)
future (2sg.m):
मालुएगा
(maaluegaa)
future (2sg.f):
मालुएगी
(maaluegii)
future (2pl.m):
मालुओगे
(maaluoge)
future (2pl.f):
मालुओगी
(maaluogii)
future (3sg.m):
मालुएगा
(maaluegaa)
future (3sg.f):
मालुएगी
(maaluegii)
future (3pl.m):
मालुएँगे
(maaluenge)
future (3pl.f):
मालुएँगी
(maaluengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
मालुऊँ
(maaluoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
मालुएँ
(maaluen)
subjunctive (2sg):
मालुए
(maalue)
subjunctive (2pl):
मालुओ
(maaluo)
subjunctive (3sg):
मालुए
(maalue)
subjunctive (3pl):
मालुएँ
(maaluen)