गरम (garam)
adjective
Means 'hot' or 'warm' -- of temperature (food, water, weather) and, figuratively, of temper or mood. Also spelled गर्म (garm); both forms are common.
Sense
1
:
hot / warm (temperature)
adjective
Synonyms: गर्म (garm, variant form), तपता (taptaa, hot/scorching)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Chai and food temperature come up constantly in daily life -- चाय गरम है (chaay garam hai, 'the tea is hot') or खाना गरम कर दो (khaanaa garam kar do, 'heat up the food') are things you will hear in almost any Delhi kitchen. Street vendors also shout गरम गरम (garam garam, 'hot hot') to advertise fresh, hot snacks like samosas straight out of the oil.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often say ठंडा-गरम (thandaa-garam) pairing to describe weather or drinks going from cold to hot, or vice versa -- this fixed pairing order is what native speakers use, not गरम-ठंडा (garam-thandaa). 2) For fever/body heat, speakers say शरीर गरम है (shariir garam hai, 'the body is hot') or बुखार है (bukhaar hai, 'there is fever') rather than describing the person as गरम directly.
Sample Sentences:
चाय गरम है, जल्दी पी लो।
The tea is hot, drink it quickly.
(chaay garam hai, jaldii pii lo।)
खाना गरम कर दो, ठंडा हो गया है।
Heat up the food, it has gotten cold.
(khaanaa garam kar do, thandaa ho gayaa hai।)
वह ठेले वाला "गरम गरम समोसे" चिल्ला रहा था।
That cart vendor was shouting, 'hot hot samosas!'
(vah thele vaalaa "garam garam samose" chillaa rahaa thaa।)
सर्दियों में मुझे गरम पानी से नहाना पसंद है।
In winter I like to bathe with hot water.
(sardiyon men mujhe garam paanii se nahaanaa pasand hai।)
अगर तुम पाँच मिनट पहले आते तो रोटियाँ गरम मिलतीं।
If you had come five minutes earlier, you would have gotten the rotis hot.
(agar tum paanch minat pahle aate to rotiyaan garam miltiin।)
सूप इतना गरम था कि जुबान जल गई।
The soup was so hot that my tongue got burned.
(soop itnaa garam thaa ki jubaan jal gaii।)
दूध को हल्का गरम करके पीना चाहिए।
One should drink milk after warming it slightly.
(doodh ko halkaa garam karke piinaa chaahie।)
क्या तुम चाहती हो कि पानी थोड़ा गरम हो जाए?
Do you want the water to become a little warm?
(kyaa tum chaahtii ho ki paanii thodaa garam ho jaae?)
गरम गरम पकौड़े और चाय, बारिश में इससे बेहतर कुछ नहीं।
Hot hot pakoras and tea -- nothing better than this in the rain.
(garam garam pakaude aur chaay, baarish men isse behtar kuchh nahiin।)
प्लेटें गरम रखने के लिए ओवन में रखी गई थीं।
The plates had been kept in the oven to keep them hot.
(pleten garam rakhne ke lie ovan men rakhii gaii thiin।)
कृपया ध्यान दें, प्लेट बहुत गरम है।
Please pay attention, the plate is very hot.
(kripyaa dhyaan den, plet bahut garam hai।)
Sense
2
:
hot-tempered, heated, intense (figurative)
adjective Used for temper, arguments, or a tense atmosphere: गरम मिज़ाज (garam mizaaj, 'hot temperament') or बहस गरम हो गई (bahas garam ho gaii, 'the debate got heated').
Synonyms: तेज़ (tez, sharp/quick-tempered), उग्र (ugr, formal, fierce)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You will often hear उसका दिमाग गरम है (uskaa dimaag garam hai, 'his head is hot,' i.e., he loses his temper easily) -- the same heat metaphor as English 'hot-headed,' which makes this one intuitive to pick up.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes translate 'hot-tempered' with गुस्सैल (gussail) only, missing that गरम is equally natural and often used with मिज़ाज (mizaaj, temperament) or दिमाग (dimaag, mind/head) as a set phrase.
Sample Sentences:
उसका दिमाग बहुत गरम है।
His temper is very hot-headed.
(uskaa dimaag bahut garam hai।)
बात इतनी छोटी थी, फिर भी माहौल गरम हो गया।
The matter was so small, yet the atmosphere got heated.
(baat itnii chhotii thii, phir bhii maahaul garam ho gayaa।)
जरा सी बात पर मत गरम हो जाओ।
Don't get hot-tempered over such a small thing.
(jaraa sii baat par mat garam ho jaao।)
बहस के दौरान माहौल काफी गरम रहता है।
During debates, the atmosphere tends to get quite heated.
(bahas ke dauraan maahaul kaaphii garam rahtaa hai।)
अगर तुम इतने गरम स्वभाव के न होते, तो झगड़ा न होता।
If you weren't so hot-tempered, the fight wouldn't have happened.
(agar tum itne garam svabhaav ke n hote, to jhagdaa n hotaa।)
चुनाव नज़दीक आते ही सियासी माहौल गरम हो गया है।
As the elections draw near, the political atmosphere has become heated.
(chunaav nazdiik aate hii siyaasii maahaul garam ho gayaa hai।)
शायद वह थका हुआ हो, इसलिए आज इतना गरम बोल रहा है।
Maybe he's tired, that's why he's speaking so heatedly today.
(shaayad vah thakaa huaa ho, islie aaj itnaa garam bol rahaa hai।)
मीटिंग में उनका गरम मिज़ाज सबको पता है।
Everyone knows his hot temper in meetings.
(miiting men unkaa garam mizaaj sabko pataa hai।)
टीवी पर बहस इतनी गरम हो जाती है कि लोग चैनल बदल देते हैं।
The debate on TV gets so heated that people change the channel.
(tiivii par bahas itnii garam ho jaatii hai ki log chainal badal dete hain।)
Morphology
Adjective (invariant)
invariant:
गरम
(garam)