रूसी (roosii)

adjective/noun Two distinct words share this spelling: an adjective/noun meaning 'Russian' (relating to Russia or a Russian person/language), and an unrelated noun meaning 'dandruff'.
Sense 1 : Russian (relating to Russia)
adjective
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You will hear रूसी (roosii) most often in the context of history and literature classes -- रूसी क्रांति (roosii kraanti, 'Russian Revolution') and रूसी साहित्य (roosii saahity, 'Russian literature') are common phrases, since Russian novels (Tolstoy, Dostoevsky) are widely read in Hindi translation in India.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes treat this as invariant like other nationality adjectives borrowed from English, but रूसी (roosii) behaves like a regular Hindi adjective ending in -ई and stays the same across genders and numbers when used attributively, e.g. रूसी किताब (roosii kitaab, 'Russian book') and रूसी लोग (roosii log, 'Russian people') -- the ending does not change here despite the noun's gender/number shifting.
Sample Sentences:
रूसी क्रांति 1917 में हुई थी। The Russian Revolution happened in 1917.
(roosii kraanti 1917 men huii thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मुझे रूसी साहित्य पढ़ना बहुत पसंद है। I really like reading Russian literature.
(mujhe roosii saahity padhnaa bahut pasand hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
टॉलस्टॉय की किताबें रूसी संस्कृति की गहरी समझ देती हैं। Tolstoy's books give a deep understanding of Russian culture.
(tolastoy kii kitaaben roosii sanskriti kii gahrii samajh detii hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
हमारी टीचर रूसी इतिहास के बारे में पढ़ा रही थीं। Our teacher was teaching about Russian history.
(hamaarii tiichar roosii itihaas ke baare men padhaa rahii thiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर मुझे रूसी भाषा आती, तो मैं दोस्तोयेव्स्की को मूल में पढ़ता। If I knew Russian, I would read Dostoevsky in the original.
(agar mujhe roosii bhaashaa aatii, to main dostoyevskii ko mool men padhtaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
रूसी संस्कृति में सर्दियों का त्योहार बहुत खास माना जाता है। In Russian culture, the winter festival is considered very special.
(roosii sanskriti men sardiyon kaa tyohaar bahut khaas maanaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
क्या तुमने कभी कोई रूसी उपन्यास पढ़ा है? Have you ever read a Russian novel?
(kyaa tumne kabhii koii roosii upanyaas padhaa hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
रूसी सरकार ने नई नीति की घोषणा की। The Russian government announced a new policy.
(roosii sarkaar ne naii niiti kii ghoshnaa kii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कृपया रूसी क्रांति पर एक निबंध लिखिए। Please write an essay on the Russian Revolution.
(kripyaa roosii kraanti par ek nibandh likhie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
रूसी बैले की प्रस्तुति देखने के लिए लोग दूर-दूर से आते हैं। People come from far away to watch Russian ballet performances.
(roosii baile kii prastuti dekhne ke lie log door-door se aate hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : a Russian person; the Russian language
noun, masculine/feminine As 'the Russian language' this noun is grammatically masculine, following the pattern of other language names in Hindi (like अंग्रेज़ी (angrezii) being feminine is the exception, not the rule for this word's gender-agreement behavior); as 'a Russian person' it takes m/f depending on the person referred to.
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Just as अंग्रेज़ (angrez) means 'an Englishman' and अंग्रेज़ी (angrezii) means 'the English language,' रूसी (roosii) does double duty for both 'a Russian' and 'the Russian language' without changing form -- context alone tells you which is meant.
Sample Sentences:
मेरी दोस्त रूसी है, पर वह हिंदी भी बोल लेती है। My friend is Russian, but she can speak Hindi too.
(merii dost roosii hai, par vah hindii bhii bol letii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम्हें रूसी आती है? Do you know Russian?
(kyaa tumhen roosii aatii hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह लड़का असल में रूसी नहीं, यूक्रेनी है। That boy is actually not Russian, he's Ukrainian.
(vah ladkaa asal men roosii nahiin, yookrenii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मैंने पिछले साल एक रूसी से शादी की थी। I married a Russian last year.
(mainne pichhle saal ek roosii se shaadii kii thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह किताब रूसी में लिखी गई है। This book is written in Russian.
(yah kitaab roosii men likhii gaii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
अगर मुझे रूसी आती होती, तो मैं वह उपन्यास मूल भाषा में पढ़ता। If I knew Russian, I would read that novel in the original language.
(agar mujhe roosii aatii hotii, to main vah upanyaas mool bhaashaa men padhtaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
कृपया उस रूसी को हमारे दफ़्तर तक ले आइए। Please bring that Russian person to our office.
(kripyaa us roosii ko hamaare daftar tak le aaie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
विश्वविद्यालय में रूसी पढ़ाने वाले प्रोफ़ेसर बहुत कम हैं। There are very few professors at the university who teach Russian.
(vishvvidyaalay men roosii padhaane vaale profesar bahut kam hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम्हें लगता है कि वह रूसी है या जर्मन? Do you think he's Russian or German?
(kyaa tumhen lagtaa hai ki vah roosii hai yaa jarman?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मैं चाहता हूँ कि मेरा बेटा रूसी सीख ले, क्योंकि उसे साहित्य में दिलचस्पी है। I want my son to learn Russian, since he's interested in literature.
(main chaahtaa hoon ki meraa betaa roosii siikh le, kyonki use saahity men dilchaspii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : dandruff
noun, feminine
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will meet this sense constantly in everyday life via shampoo advertisements and haircare talk -- रूसी की समस्या (roosii kii samasyaa, 'the dandruff problem') is a stock phrase on TV commercials and product labels all over Delhi-NCR markets.
Common Mistakes: 1) This रूसी (roosii) is unrelated in meaning to 'Russian' -- pure coincidence of spelling, so do not expect any semantic connection when you see it in a shampoo ad versus a history book.
Sample Sentences:
सर्दियों में मुझे रूसी की समस्या हो जाती है। In winter I get a dandruff problem.
(sardiyon men mujhe roosii kii samasyaa ho jaatii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह शैम्पू रूसी को जड़ से खत्म करता है। This shampoo eliminates dandruff from the root.
(yah shaimpoo roosii ko jad se khatm kartaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसके बालों में बहुत रूसी थी। There was a lot of dandruff in his hair.
(uske baalon men bahut roosii thii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम तेल नहीं लगाओगे तो रूसी बढ़ जाएगी। If you don't apply oil, the dandruff will increase.
(agar tum tel nahiin lagaaoge to roosii badh jaaegii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
रूसी की समस्या से छुटकारा पाने के लिए यह तेल इस्तेमाल करें। To get rid of the dandruff problem, use this oil.
(roosii kii samasyaa se chhutkaaraa paane ke lie yah tel istemaal karen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
डॉक्टर ने कहा कि यह खुजली रूसी की वजह से हो सकती है। The doctor said that this itching could be because of dandruff.
(doktar ne kahaa ki yah khujlii roosii kii vajah se ho saktii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश मेरे बालों में रूसी न होती। I wish I didn't have dandruff in my hair.
(kaash mere baalon men roosii n hotii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
विज्ञापन में दिखाया गया कि रूसी कैसे कम की जाती है। The advertisement showed how dandruff is reduced.
(vigyaapan men dikhaayaa gayaa ki roosii kaise kam kii jaatii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
इस क्रीम से रूसी पूरी तरह ठीक कर दी गई। The dandruff was completely cured with this cream.
(is kriim se roosii poorii tarah thiik kar dii gaii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
वह हर दो दिन में सिर धोता है ताकि रूसी न हो। He washes his head every two days so that dandruff doesn't occur.
(vah har do din men sir dhotaa hai taaki roosii n ho।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसके कंधों पर रूसी झड़ रही थी। Dandruff was falling on his shoulders.
(uske kandhon par roosii jhad rahii thii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Adjective (invariant)
invariant: रूसी (roosii)
Noun
(sg.m/f.direct): रूसी (roosii)
(sg.m/f.oblique): रूसी (roosii)
(pl.m/f.direct): रूसियाँ (roosiyaan)
(pl.m/f.oblique): रूसियों (roosiyon)