जमा (jamaa)

noun/adjective Covers deposit/accumulation as a noun and adjective ('deposited, collected'), and appears heavily in the compound verb जमा करना (jamaa karnaa, 'to deposit/collect') and जमा होना (jamaa honaa, 'to be deposited/gathered').

Sense 1 : deposit (money, savings)

noun, feminine

Synonyms: जमापूंजी (jamaapoonjii, savings), निधि (nidhi, formal/fund)

Frequency: high

Cultural Note: In everyday bank talk you will hear जमा (jamaa) constantly: फिक्स्ड डिपॉजिट (phiksd dipojit) is often just called एफ़डी (efdii), but the passbook and forms still say जमा (jamaa) for 'deposit' and निकासी (nikaasii) for 'withdrawal' -- a useful pair to learn together.

Common Mistakes: 1) जमा (jamaa) itself does not inflect like a typical feminine noun -- it stays invariant across singular/plural and is often used almost adjectivally, as in जमा राशि (jamaa raashi, 'deposit amount'). 2) Learners sometimes use जमा (jamaa) alone where जमा करना (jamaa karnaa) is needed to express the action 'to deposit' -- जमा (jamaa) by itself is the noun/state, not the verb.

Sample Sentences:

मैंने बैंक में पाँच हज़ार रुपये जमा किए। I deposited five thousand rupees in the bank.

(mainne baink men paanch hazaar rupye jamaa kie।)

मेरी जमा राशि हर महीने थोड़ी बढ़ती है। My deposit amount increases a little every month.

(merii jamaa raashi har mahiine thodii badhtii hai।)

कृपया अपनी जमा राशि पासबुक में देख लें। Please check your deposit amount in the passbook.

(kripyaa apnii jamaa raashi paasbuk men dekh len।)

अगर मेरे पास ज़्यादा जमा होती, तो मैं लोन के लिए ब्याज कम देता। If I had a larger deposit, I would pay less interest on the loan.

(agar mere paas zyaadaa jamaa hotii, to main lon ke lie byaaj kam detaa।)

उसकी जमा राशि बैंक द्वारा सुरक्षित रखी जाती है। Her deposit amount is kept safe by the bank.

(uskii jamaa raashi baink dvaaraa surakshit rakhii jaatii hai।)

शायद उसकी जमा पूँजी इस साल दोगुनी हो जाए। Perhaps his savings deposit will double this year.

(shaayad uskii jamaa poonjii is saal dogunii ho jaae।)

फिक्स्ड डिपॉजिट में जमा पैसा एक तय समय के लिए बंधा रहता है। Money deposited in a fixed deposit stays locked in for a set period.

(phiksd dipojit men jamaa paisaa ek tay samay ke lie bandhaa rahtaa hai।)

जमा और निकासी दोनों का हिसाब पासबुक में लिखा होता है। The record of both deposits and withdrawals is written in the passbook.

(jamaa aur nikaasii donon kaa hisaab paasbuk men likhaa hotaa hai।)

अगले हफ़्ते मैं अपनी सारी जमा राशि निकाल लूँगा। Next week I will withdraw all my deposit amount.

(agle hafte main apnii saarii jamaa raashi nikaal loongaa।)

बैंक कर्मचारी ने कहा कि जमा राशि पर ब्याज दर बढ़ गई है। The bank employee said that the interest rate on deposits has increased.

(baink karmchaarii ne kahaa ki jamaa raashi par byaaj dar badh gaii hai।)

क्या आपकी जमा राशि किसी दूसरी शाखा में स्थानांतरित की जा सकती है? Can your deposit amount be transferred to another branch?

(kyaa aapkii jamaa raashi kisii doosrii shaakhaa men sthaanaantrit kii jaa saktii hai?)

Sense 2 : deposited, collected, accumulated

adjective Almost always appears predicatively with होना (honaa) or as part of the compound जमा होना (jamaa honaa, 'to accumulate, gather') -- e.g. पानी जमा हो गया (paanii jamaa ho gayaa, 'water has collected/pooled').

Synonyms: इकट्ठा (ikatthaa, gathered/accumulated), संचित (sanchit, literary)

Frequency: high

Cultural Note: You will hear this constantly during monsoon season -- सड़क पर पानी जमा हो गया (sadak par paanii jamaa ho gayaa, 'water has collected on the road') is a very Delhi-NCR complaint every July and August.

Common Mistakes: 1) As an adjective जमा (jamaa) does not change form for gender or number -- learners sometimes wrongly inflect it like कड़ा (kadaa) type adjectives.

Sample Sentences:

बारिश के बाद सड़क पर पानी जमा हो गया। After the rain, water collected on the road.

(baarish ke baad sadak par paanii jamaa ho gayaa।)

उसके कमरे में कई दिनों से कचरा जमा है। Garbage has been accumulated in his room for several days.

(uske kamre men kaii dinon se kachraa jamaa hai।)

छत पर बहुत सारी धूल जमा हो जाती है। A lot of dust accumulates on the roof.

(chhat par bahut saarii dhool jamaa ho jaatii hai।)

अगर नाली साफ नहीं होगी तो पानी फिर से जमा हो जाएगा। If the drain isn't cleaned, water will collect again.

(agar naalii saaph nahiin hogii to paanii phir se jamaa ho jaaegaa।)

कृपया यह जमा सामान गोदाम में रख दो। Please put this accumulated stock in the warehouse.

(kripyaa yah jamaa saamaan godaam men rakh do।)

अगर सफाई रोज होती तो इतना कूड़ा जमा न होता। If cleaning happened daily, so much garbage wouldn't have accumulated.

(agar saphaaii roj hotii to itnaa koodaa jamaa n hotaa।)

यह पानी जमा किया हुआ था, बरसात का नहीं। This water had been collected deliberately, not from the rain.

(yah paanii jamaa kiyaa huaa thaa, barsaat kaa nahiin।)

जमा बर्फ पिघलकर सड़क को फिसलन भरा बना देती है। Accumulated snow, upon melting, makes the road slippery.

(jamaa barph pighalkar sadak ko phislan bharaa banaa detii hai।)

हो सकता है कि मानसून में फिर से पानी जमा हो जाए। It's possible that water will accumulate again during the monsoon.

(ho saktaa hai ki maansoon men phir se paanii jamaa ho jaae।)

पिछले हफ्ते तक गली में जमा पानी सूख भी नहीं पाया था। Until last week, the water accumulated in the lane hadn't even dried up.

(pichhle haphte tak galii men jamaa paanii sookh bhii nahiin paayaa thaa।)

हर साल की तरह इस बार भी अंडरपास में पानी जमा हो गया है। As every year, this time too water has collected in the underpass.

(har saal kii tarah is baar bhii andarpaas men paanii jamaa ho gayaa hai।)

Sense 3 : addition (in arithmetic)

noun, masculine Used in basic school-level math to mean 'plus' or 'addition,' as in दो जमा दो (do jamaa do, 'two plus two').

Synonyms: जोड़ (jod, addition/sum), योग (yog, formal/mathematical)

Frequency: medium

Cultural Note: Older schoolbooks and many parents still say दो जमा दो बराबर चार (do jamaa do baraabar chaar, 'two plus two equals four') rather than switching to English 'plus' -- a nice example of how basic arithmetic vocabulary has stayed thoroughly Hindi even as much other school talk mixes in English.

Sample Sentences:

दो जमा दो बराबर चार होता है। Two plus two equals four.

(do jamaa do baraabar do chaar hotaa hai।)

पाँच जमा तीन कितना होता है? How much is five plus three?

(paanch jamaa tiin kitnaa hotaa hai?)

मास्टरजी ने पूछा, "सात जमा नौ क्या होता है?" The teacher asked, "What is seven plus nine?"

(maastarjii ne poochhaa, "saat jamaa nau kyaa hotaa hai?")

इस सवाल में तुम्हें बीस जमा पंद्रह करना है। In this question you have to do twenty plus fifteen.

(is savaal men tumhen biis jamaa pandrah karnaa hai।)

पहले जमा वाला हिस्सा हल करो, फिर घटाव वाला। Solve the addition part first, then the subtraction part.

(pahle jamaa vaalaa hissaa hal karo, phir ghataav vaalaa।)

अगर तुम जमा ठीक से करते तो जवाब सही आता। If you had done the addition correctly, the answer would have been right.

(agar tum jamaa thiik se karte to javaab sahii aataa।)

बच्चों को पहले जमा सिखाया जाता है, फिर घटाव। Children are taught addition first, then subtraction.

(bachchon ko pahle jamaa sikhaayaa jaataa hai, phir ghataav।)

इस जमा में तुमसे गलती हो गई है। You have made a mistake in this addition.

(is jamaa men tumse galtii ho gaii hai।)

क्या तुम्हें जमा और घटाव में फर्क पता है? Do you know the difference between addition and subtraction?

(kyaa tumhen jamaa aur ghataav men phark pataa hai?)

शायद यह जमा का सवाल न हो, घटाव का हो। Maybe this isn't an addition question, it might be a subtraction one.

(shaayad yah jamaa kaa savaal n ho, ghataav kaa ho।)

Morphology

Noun

(sg.f.direct): जमा (jamaa)

(sg.f.oblique): जमा (jamaa)

(pl.f.direct): जमाएँ (jamaaen)

(pl.f.oblique): जमाओं (jamaaon)

Adjective (invariant)

invariant: जमा (jamaa)