अच्छा (achchhaa)

adjective/interjection/adverb Primarily the everyday adjective for 'good/nice', but also does heavy duty as a stand-alone interjection meaning 'okay/I see' and as a discourse marker signaling agreement or transition -- learners meet all three constantly in spoken Hindi.
Sense 1 : good, nice, fine (quality)
adjective
Synonyms: बढ़िया (badhiyaa), उम्दा (umdaa, somewhat formal), शानदार (shaandaar, great/excellent), भला (bhalaa, literary)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is one of the first words every learner picks up, and for good reason -- it is the all-purpose word for approval in Hindi, used for food, people, weather, movies, and moral character alike. Note how flexible it is: अच्छा लड़का (achchhaa ladkaa, 'a good boy') can mean well-behaved, while अच्छा खाना (achchhaa khaanaa, 'good food') just means tasty -- context carries the specific flavor of 'goodness'.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for बहुत अच्छा (bahut achchhaa, 'very good') as a default compliment in every context, when native speakers often prefer बढ़िया (badhiyaa) or मज़ेदार (mazedaar) depending on what exactly is being praised (taste, fun, quality). 2) अच्छा लगना (achchhaa lagnaa) is a dative-subject construction ('to feel/seem good to someone') and is easy to confuse with simply calling a thing अच्छा (achchhaa) -- the two are related but grammatically distinct; the verb sense is covered under लगना (lagnaa).
Sample Sentences:
यह खाना बहुत अच्छा है। This food is very good.
(yah khaanaa bahut achchhaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह बहुत अच्छा लड़का है, सबकी मदद करता है। He is a very good boy, he helps everyone.
(vah bahut achchhaa ladkaa hai, sabkii madad kartaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कल मौसम बहुत अच्छा था। The weather was very good yesterday.
(kal mausam bahut achchhaa thaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह फिल्म उतनी अच्छी नहीं है जितनी लोग कहते हैं। This movie is not as good as people say.
(yah philm utnii achchhii nahiin hai jitnii log kahte hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम अच्छे बच्चे बनोगे, तो सब तुमसे प्यार करेंगे। If you become good children, everyone will love you.
(agar tum achchhe bachche banoge, to sab tumse pyaar karenge।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
काश उसका स्वास्थ्य अच्छा होता। I wish his health were good.
(kaash uskaa svaasthy achchhaa hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
इस कंपनी की सेवाएं वाकई बहुत अच्छी मानी जाती हैं। This company's services are truly considered very good.
(is kampnii kii sevaaen vaakaii bahut achchhii maanii jaatii hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
एक अच्छा इंसान बनना सबसे बड़ी उपलब्धि है। Becoming a good person is the greatest achievement.
(ek achchhaa insaan bannaa sabse badii uplabdhi hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मुझे उम्मीद है कि तुम्हारे नए घर में सब कुछ अच्छा हो। I hope everything is good in your new house.
(mujhe ummiid hai ki tumhaare nae ghar men sab kuchh achchhaa ho।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
एक अच्छी किताब पढ़ो, वक्त बर्बाद मत करो। Read a good book, don't waste time.
(ek achchhii kitaab padho, vakt barbaad mat karo।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उस रेस्तरां में खाना इतना अच्छा था कि हम दोबारा गए। The food at that restaurant was so good that we went again.
(us restraan men khaanaa itnaa achchhaa thaa ki ham dobaaraa gae।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : okay, I see, alright (acknowledgment)
interjection Used as a one-word reply to register that you have understood or accepted what was just said, often standing entirely alone as a full turn in conversation.
Synonyms: ठीक है (thiik hai, 'okay, fine'), ठीक (thiik)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Listen for this on the phone or at the start of a reply: अच्छा, तो कल मिलते हैं (achchhaa, to kal milte hain, 'okay, so we'll meet tomorrow') -- it's the verbal nod that keeps a conversation moving, much like English 'right' or 'okay' used as filler-agreement rather than literal praise.
Common Mistakes: 1) Said with a rising, drawn-out intonation, अच्छा (achchhaa) can mean 'oh really?' or mild surprise rather than plain agreement -- learners who use a flat tone can miss this nuance, since the same word covers both 'okay' and 'oh, is that so.' 2) This use is distinct from the adjective sense; it doesn't inflect or agree with anything since it's functioning as a fixed exclamation, not describing a noun.
Sample Sentences:
अच्छा, तो कल मिलते हैं। Okay, so we'll meet tomorrow.
(achchhaa, to kal milte hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अच्छा, समझ गया। Okay, I get it.
(achchhaa, samajh gayaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अच्छा? फिर क्या हुआ? Oh really? Then what happened?
(achchhaa? phir kyaa huaa?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अच्छा, अब मैं चलता हूँ। Okay, I'll be off now.
(achchhaa, ab main chaltaa hoon।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अच्छा जी, जैसी आपकी मर्ज़ी। Alright then, as you wish.
(achchhaa jii, jaisii aapkii marzii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Voice: Active
अच्छा, तुमने उससे बात कर ली? Okay, did you talk to him already?
(achchhaa, tumne usse baat kar lii?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अच्छा, यह बात पहले क्यों नहीं बताई? I see -- why didn't you say this before?
(achchhaa, yah baat pahle kyon nahiin bataaii?)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अच्छा, चलो देखते हैं क्या होता है। Okay, let's see what happens.
(achchhaa, chalo dekhte hain kyaa hotaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अच्छा साहब, आपकी बात मान ली। Alright sir, I accept what you say.
(achchhaa saahab, aapkii baat maan lii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अच्छा, अगर ऐसा होता तो मैं पहले ही बता देता। I see -- if that were the case, I would have told you already.
(achchhaa, agar aisaa hotaa to main pahle hii bataa detaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
अच्छा, तो यह राज़ है! Ah, so that's the secret!
(achchhaa, to yah raaz hai!)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : well (manner)
adverb Functions adverbially mainly in fixed collocations like अच्छा लगना (achchhaa lagnaa, 'to seem/feel good') and अच्छा बोलना (achchhaa bolnaa, 'to speak well'), rather than freely modifying any verb the way ठीक से (thiik se) does.
Synonyms: बढ़िया से (badhiyaa se), ठीक से (thiik se)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This adverbial flavor overlaps closely with the adjective sense -- Hindi doesn't always mark the adjective/adverb boundary as sharply as English does, so अच्छा (achchhaa) can slide between 'a good X' and 'X well' depending on the verb it sits next to.
Sample Sentences:
वह अच्छा गाता है। He sings well.
(vah achchhaa gaataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह अच्छा खेल रही है। She's playing well.
(vah achchhaa khel rahii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने कल परीक्षा में अच्छा लिखा। He wrote well in the exam yesterday.
(usne kal pariikshaa men achchhaa likhaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अच्छा बोलो, ताकि सब समझ सकें। Speak well, so that everyone can understand.
(achchhaa bolo, taaki sab samajh saken।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर वह अच्छा गाता तो उसे यह मौका मिल जाता। If he sang well, he would have gotten this chance.
(agar vah achchhaa gaataa to use yah maukaa mil jaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
मुझे उम्मीद है कि वह इस बार अच्छा खेले। I hope he plays well this time.
(mujhe ummiid hai ki vah is baar achchhaa khele।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
वह हमेशा अच्छा व्यवहार करता है। He always behaves well.
(vah hameshaa achchhaa vyavahaar kartaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह काम अच्छा किया गया है। This work has been done well.
(yah kaam achchhaa kiyaa gayaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
अगली बार वह ज़रूर अच्छा प्रदर्शन करेगा। Next time he will definitely perform well.
(aglii baar vah zaroor achchhaa pradarshan karegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
आप कृपया थोड़ा और अच्छा समझाइए, मुझे अभी भी शक है। Please explain a bit better, I still have doubts.
(aap kripyaa thodaa aur achchhaa samjhaaie, mujhe abhii bhii shak hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Adjective (variable)
(sg.m): अच्छा (achchhaa)
(pl.m): अच्छे (achchhe)
(sg.f): अच्छी (achchhii)
(pl.f): अच्छी (achchhii)