ऐसा (aisaa)
adjective/adverb/conjunction
A very common demonstrative meaning 'such, this kind of, like this'; it inflects like a regular adjective (ऐसा/ऐसे/ऐसी) and also stands alone as an adverb meaning 'like this, in this way'. Pairs naturally with जैसा (jaisaa) in correlative constructions.
Sense
1
:
such, this kind of
adjective Agrees in gender/number with the noun it modifies, standing before it: ऐसा लड़का (aisaa ladkaa, 'such a boy'), ऐसी बात (aisii baat, 'such a thing/matter').
Synonyms: इस प्रकार का (is prakaar kaa, formal), इस तरह का (is tarah kaa)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You'll hear ऐसी बात नहीं है (aisii baat nahiin hai, 'it's not like that') constantly in Delhi conversation as a polite way to deny an accusation or soften a correction -- it's almost a reflex phrase before explaining what's really going on.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often forget to change the ending to match the noun's gender/number, saying ऐसा लड़की instead of ऐसी लड़की (aisii ladkii). 2) ऐसा (aisaa) points to a *kind* or *quality* ('this sort of'), while इतना (itnaa) points to *amount* ('this much') -- learners sometimes mix the two up when translating 'so much/such a...' from English.
Sample Sentences:
ऐसी बात नहीं है, मैं बस थका हुआ हूँ।
It's not like that, I'm just tired.
(aisii baat nahiin hai, main bas thakaa huaa hoon।)
मैंने आज तक ऐसा आदमी नहीं देखा।
I have never seen such a man until today.
(mainne aaj tak aisaa aadmii nahiin dekhaa।)
ऐसे कपड़े दफ़्तर में मत पहनो।
Don't wear such clothes to the office.
(aise kapde daftar men mat pahno।)
अगर मुझे पता होता कि वह ऐसा इंसान है, तो मैं उससे दोस्ती नहीं करता।
If I had known he was such a person, I wouldn't have made friends with him.
(agar mujhe pataa hotaa ki vah aisaa insaan hai, to main usse dostii nahiin kartaa।)
क्या तुमने कभी ऐसी फ़िल्म देखी है जो पूरी तरह बिना संवाद के हो?
Have you ever seen such a film that is entirely without dialogue?
(kyaa tumne kabhii aisii film dekhii hai jo poorii tarah binaa sanvaad ke ho?)
समिति चाहती है कि ऐसे मामलों पर सख़्ती से कार्रवाई की जाए।
The committee wants such cases to be dealt with strictly.
(samiti chaahtii hai ki aise maamlon par sakhtii se kaarrvaaii kii jaae।)
ऐसे मौक़े बार-बार नहीं आते।
Such opportunities don't come again and again.
(aise mauqe baar-baar nahiin aate।)
पापा हमेशा कहते थे कि ऐसे लोगों से दूर रहो।
Dad always used to say, stay away from such people.
(paapaa hameshaa kahte the ki aise logon se door raho।)
कृपया भविष्य में ऐसी ग़लती दोबारा न हो, इसका ध्यान रखें।
Please make sure such a mistake doesn't happen again in the future.
(kripyaa bhavishy men aisii ghaltii dobaaraa n ho, iskaa dhyaan rakhen।)
यह मंदिर ऐसे शिल्प का उदाहरण है जो अब कहीं नहीं मिलता।
This temple is an example of such craftsmanship that is found nowhere else now.
(yah mandir aise shilp kaa udaahran hai jo ab kahiin nahiin miltaa।)
उसने ऐसी हरकत की जिसकी किसी ने उम्मीद नहीं की थी।
He did such a thing that no one had expected.
(usne aisii harkat kii jiskii kisii ne ummiid nahiin kii thii।)
Sense
2
:
in this way, like this
adverb Used invariantly (ऐसा (aisaa) form) before a verb to describe manner: ऐसा मत करो (aisaa mat karo, 'don't do it like this').
Synonyms: इस तरह (is tarah), इस प्रकार (is prakaar, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: ऐसा क्यों? (aisaa kyon, 'why like this / why so?') is a handy short question you'll hear when someone reacts to a surprising turn of events -- much punchier than spelling out the whole sentence.
Sample Sentences:
ऐसा क्यों?
Why like this?
(aisaa kyon?)
तुम ऐसा क्यों करते हो?
Why do you do it like this?
(tum aisaa kyon karte ho?)
उसने ऐसा क्यों किया, मुझे नहीं पता।
Why he did it like this, I don't know.
(usne aisaa kyon kiyaa, mujhe nahiin pataa।)
कृपया ऐसा मत बोलिए।
Please don't speak like this.
(kripyaa aisaa mat bolie।)
अगर तुम ऐसा करते, तो सब खुश होते।
If you had done it like this, everyone would have been happy.
(agar tum aisaa karte, to sab khush hote।)
मैं चाहता हूँ कि तुम भी ऐसा सोचो।
I wish that you too would think this way.
(main chaahtaa hoon ki tum bhii aisaa socho।)
यह काम ऐसा किया जाता है।
This work is done like this.
(yah kaam aisaa kiyaa jaataa hai।)
वह हमेशा ऐसा ही करता रहेगा।
He will always keep doing it just like this.
(vah hameshaa aisaa hii kartaa rahegaa।)
मेरे दादाजी हमेशा कहते थे कि जीवन में ऐसा ही चलना चाहिए, धीरे और स्थिर।
My grandfather always used to say that in life one should go on just like this -- slow and steady.
(mere daadaajii hameshaa kahte the ki jiivan men aisaa hii chalnaa chaahie, dhiire aur sthir।)
अचानक सब कुछ बदल गया -- ऐसा किसी ने सोचा भी नहीं था।
Suddenly everything changed -- nobody had even thought it would happen like this.
(achaanak sab kuchh badal gayaa -- aisaa kisii ne sochaa bhii nahiin thaa।)
क्या यह सचमुच ऐसा ही हुआ था?
Did it really happen exactly like this?
(kyaa yah sachmuch aisaa hii huaa thaa?)
Sense
3
:
correlative 'such...that' construction
conjunction Works with कि (ki) to form 'such...that' clauses: ऐसा हुआ कि... (aisaa huaa ki, 'it so happened that...'), or with जैसा (jaisaa) in 'as...so' correlatives: जैसा बोओगे, ऐसा काटोगे (jaisaa booge, aisaa kaatoge, 'as you sow, so shall you reap').
Synonyms: इतना (itnaa, used for degree rather than kind)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: जैसा बोओगे, ऐसा काटोगे (jaisaa booge, aisaa kaatoge, 'as you sow, so shall you reap') is a proverb every Hindi speaker grows up hearing from parents and teachers -- a good anchor for how जैसा (jaisaa) and ऐसा (aisaa) work as a matched pair.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often leave out कि (ki) after ऐसा (aisaa) when building a result clause, producing an incomplete-sounding sentence. 2) The जैसा...ऐसा (jaisaa...aisaa) pairing is a fixed correlative frame; learners sometimes try to use ऐसा (aisaa) alone where the जैसा (jaisaa) half is required for the comparison to make sense.
Sample Sentences:
उसने ऐसा शोर मचाया कि पूरा मोहल्ला जाग गया।
He made such a racket that the whole neighborhood woke up.
(usne aisaa shor machaayaa ki pooraa mohallaa jaag gayaa।)
मौसम ऐसा खराब है कि बाहर निकलना मुश्किल है।
The weather is so bad that it's hard to go outside.
(mausam aisaa kharaab hai ki baahar nikalnaa mushkil hai।)
जैसा बोओगे, ऐसा काटोगे।
As you sow, so shall you reap.
(jaisaa booge, aisaa kaatoge।)
ऐसा काम करो कि लोग तारीफ करें।
Do such work that people praise you.
(aisaa kaam karo ki log taariiph karen।)
अगर तुम ऐसा जवाब देते कि सब चुप हो जाते, तो बात बन जाती।
If you had given such an answer that everyone would fall silent, things would have worked out.
(agar tum aisaa javaab dete ki sab chup ho jaate, to baat ban jaatii।)
वह ऐसी मेहनत कर रहा है कि उसे थकान का एहसास ही नहीं होता।
He is working so hard that he doesn't even feel tired.
(vah aisii mehnat kar rahaa hai ki use thakaan kaa ehsaas hii nahiin hotaa।)
क्या तुम ऐसा कुछ कर सकते हो कि सबका काम आसान हो जाए?
Can you do something such that everyone's work becomes easier?
(kyaa tum aisaa kuchh kar sakte ho ki sabkaa kaam aasaan ho jaae?)
महाराज ने ऐसी आज्ञा दी कि कोई भी नगर से बाहर न जाए।
The king gave such an order that no one should leave the city.
(mahaaraaj ne aisii aagyaa dii ki koii bhii nagar se baahar n jaae।)
कृपया ऐसी व्यवस्था कीजिए कि किसी को असुविधा न हो।
Please make such arrangements that no one is inconvenienced.
(kripyaa aisii vyavasthaa kiijie ki kisii ko asuvidhaa n ho।)
उसकी बात कुछ ऐसी थी कि सुनने वाला हैरान रह गया।
What he said was such that the listener was left astonished.
(uskii baat kuchh aisii thii ki sunne vaalaa hairaan rah gayaa।)
Morphology
Adjective (variable)
(sg.m):
ऐसा
(aisaa)
(pl.m):
ऐसे
(aise)
(sg.f):
ऐसी
(aisii)
(pl.f):
ऐसी
(aisii)