मुलायम (mulaayam)

adjective A common descriptive adjective meaning 'soft' or 'tender,' used for texture -- food, fabric, skin -- and extended figuratively to a gentle voice, manner, or heart.
Sense 1 : soft, tender (physical texture)
adjective
Synonyms: नरम (naram), कोमल (komal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Ask any mother checking dough and she'll press it with a finger, muttering आटा मुलायम है (aataa mulaayam hai, 'the dough is soft') before rolling out रोटी (rotii) -- softness in food is judged by touch, not sight, and this word is the one reached for at the kitchen counter.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes reach for नरम (naram) and मुलायम (mulaayam) as if they were in strict complementary distribution, but in everyday speech they overlap heavily for texture -- both work fine for रोटी (rotii) or गद्दा (gaddaa); the choice is often just personal habit, not a hard rule.
Sample Sentences:
यह आटा बहुत मुलायम है। This dough is very soft.
(yah aataa bahut mulaayam hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माँ रोटी बनाने से पहले हमेशा आटा गूंधकर देखती हैं कि वह मुलायम है या नहीं। Before making rotis, mother always kneads the dough to check whether it is soft or not.
(maan rotii banaane se pahle hameshaa aataa goondhkar dekhtii hain ki vah mulaayam hai yaa nahiin।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह तकिया कितना मुलायम है! This pillow is so soft!
(yah takiyaa kitnaa mulaayam hai!)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इसे थोड़ा और गूंधो ताकि आटा मुलायम हो जाए। Knead it a little more so that the dough becomes soft.
(ise thodaa aur goondho taaki aataa mulaayam ho jaae।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम पानी थोड़ा ज़्यादा डालते तो आटा और मुलायम होता। If you had added a bit more water, the dough would have been softer.
(agar tum paanii thodaa zyaadaa daalte to aataa aur mulaayam hotaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
यह कंबल बहुत मुलायम लग रहा है, ज़रा छूकर देखो। This blanket looks very soft, just touch it and see.
(yah kambal bahut mulaayam lag rahaa hai, zaraa chhookar dekho।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसके गाल बच्चे की तरह मुलायम थे। Her cheeks were soft like a child's.
(uske gaal bachche kii tarah mulaayam the।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या यह चमड़ा असली है? बहुत मुलायम है। Is this leather genuine? It is very soft.
(kyaa yah chamdaa aslii hai? bahut mulaayam hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बाज़ार से ऐसा कपड़ा लाना जो छूने में मुलायम हो। Bring such cloth from the market that is soft to touch.
(baazaar se aisaa kapdaa laanaa jo chhoone men mulaayam ho।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
इस सोफे का कुशन बहुत मुलायम बनाया गया है। This sofa's cushion has been made very soft.
(is sophe kaa kushan bahut mulaayam banaayaa gayaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
बूढ़ी औरत रुई जैसी मुलायम धूप में बैठी थी। The old woman sat in sunlight as soft as cotton wool.
(boodhii aurat ruii jaisii mulaayam dhoop men baithii thii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : gentle, tender (voice, manner, heart)
adjective
Synonyms: कोमल (komal), नरम (naram)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Extended to character, मुलायम (mulaayam) describes a मुलायम आवाज़ (mulaayam aavaaz, 'gentle voice') or मुलायम दिल (mulaayam dil, 'soft heart') -- the same word that describes dough also describes a person who is easily moved, showing how Hindi treats emotional softness as a texture, not just a trait.
Sample Sentences:
उसकी आवाज़ बहुत मुलायम है। Her voice is very gentle.
(uskii aavaaz bahut mulaayam hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह दिल का बहुत मुलायम है, किसी को दुखी नहीं देख सकता। He is very softhearted, he can't bear to see anyone sad.
(vah dil kaa bahut mulaayam hai, kisii ko dukhii nahiin dekh saktaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माँ ने मुलायम आवाज़ में बच्चे को सुलाने के लिए लोरी गाई। The mother sang a lullaby in a gentle voice to put the child to sleep.
(maan ne mulaayam aavaaz men bachche ko sulaane ke lie lorii gaaii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कृपया थोड़ा मुलायम स्वर में बात कीजिए, बच्चा डर जाएगा। Please speak in a somewhat gentler tone, the child will get scared.
(kripyaa thodaa mulaayam svar men baat kiijie, bachchaa dar jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम मुलायम दिल के होते, तो उसकी बात इतनी सख्ती से न कहते। If you had a soft heart, you wouldn't have said that so harshly.
(agar tum mulaayam dil ke hote, to uskii baat itnii sakhtii se n kahte।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
शायद वह अंदर से मुलायम हो, पर बाहर से बहुत रूखा दिखता है। Maybe he is gentle on the inside, but he seems very harsh on the outside.
(shaayad vah andar se mulaayam ho, par baahar se bahut rookhaa dikhtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
दादी हमेशा मुलायम लहजे में सलाह देती थीं। Grandmother always used to give advice in a gentle tone.
(daadii hameshaa mulaayam lahje men salaah detii thiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
उसके मुलायम स्वभाव के कारण सब उसे पसंद करते हैं। Because of her gentle nature, everyone likes her.
(uske mulaayam svabhaav ke kaaran sab use pasand karte hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
गुरु जी का मुलायम व्यवहार शिष्यों को सहज बना देता था। The teacher's gentle manner used to put the disciples at ease.
(guru jii kaa mulaayam vyavahaar shishyon ko sahaj banaa detaa thaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
उसकी मुलायम बातों से मेरा गुस्सा शांत हो गया। Her gentle words calmed my anger.
(uskii mulaayam baaton se meraa gussaa shaant ho gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Adjective (invariant)
invariant: मुलायम (mulaayam)