कंजूस (kanjoos)

adjective/noun A common, everyday adjective/noun describing a stingy or miserly person; used both to describe someone (adjective) and to name them (noun).
Sense 1 : stingy, miserly
adjective
Synonyms: कृपण (kripan, literary), सूम (soom, rare)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the word every Indian family uses for that one relative who turns off the AC the second guests leave, or haggles over five rupees at the sabzi mandi (sabzii mandii, vegetable market). There's even a well-known saying, कंजूस की दावत (kanjoos kii daavat, 'a miser's feast'), used sarcastically for a stingy invitation with barely any food.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes soften this word thinking it is mild, but कंजूस (kanjoos) is fairly direct and can sound rude if said to someone's face -- it is usually used about a third person, or teasingly among close friends/family. 2) Do not confuse with मितव्ययी (mitavyyii), which means 'frugal, thrifty' in a positive sense -- कंजूस (kanjoos) always carries a negative, critical tone.
Sample Sentences:
मेरा मामा बहुत कंजूस है, पूरे साल में एक बार भी होटल में खाना नहीं खिलाता। My uncle is very stingy; he doesn't take us out to eat even once the whole year.
(meraa maamaa bahut kanjoos hai, poore saal men ek baar bhii hotal men khaanaa nahiin khilaataa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मकान मालिक इतना कंजूस था कि सर्दियों में भी हीटर नहीं लगाने देता था। The landlord was so miserly that he wouldn't let us use a heater even in winter.
(makaan maalik itnaa kanjoos thaa ki sardiyon men bhii hiitar nahiin lagaane detaa thaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम इतने कंजूस न होते तो दोस्तों के लिए एक बार चाय भी मंगा देते। If you weren't so stingy, you would have at least ordered tea for your friends once.
(agar tum itne kanjoos n hote to doston ke lie ek baar chaay bhii mangaa dete।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
कंजूस मत बनो, यार, आज बिल मैं भर देता हूँ अगली बार तुम भर देना। Don't be stingy, man, I'll pay the bill today, you pay it next time.
(kanjoos mat bano, yaar, aaj bil main bhar detaa hoon aglii baar tum bhar denaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उसने पार्टी में इतना कम खाना रखा था कि सब उसे कंजूस कहकर हँसने लगे। He had put out so little food at the party that everyone started laughing, calling him miserly.
(usne paartii men itnaa kam khaanaa rakhaa thaa ki sab use kanjoos kahkar hansne lage।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह पार्टी तो कंजूस की दावत निकली, दो समोसे भी ठीक से नहीं मिले। This party turned out to be a miser's feast; we didn't even get two decent samosas.
(yah paartii to kanjoos kii daavat niklii, do samose bhii thiik se nahiin mile।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम्हें लगता है कि वो अपने कर्मचारियों के साथ इतना कंजूस व्यवहार करेगा? Do you think he will behave so miserly with his employees?
(kyaa tumhen lagtaa hai ki vo apne karmchaariyon ke saath itnaa kanjoos vyavahaar karegaa?)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
कंपनी को इतना कंजूस नहीं होना चाहिए कि कर्मचारियों को त्योहार पर बोनस भी न दे। The company shouldn't be so stingy that it doesn't even give employees a bonus during festivals.
(kampnii ko itnaa kanjoos nahiin honaa chaahie ki karmchaariyon ko tyohaar par bonas bhii n de।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सब्ज़ी मंडी में एक कंजूस औरत सब्ज़ीवाले से पाँच रुपये कम करवाने में जुटी थी। A stingy woman at the vegetable market was busy getting the vendor to knock five rupees off.
(sabzii mandii men ek kanjoos aurat sabziivaale se paanch rupye kam karvaane men jutii thii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बुज़ुर्गों का मानना है कि कंजूस आदमी अपनी दौलत का भी सुख नहीं भोग पाता। Elders believe that a miserly man is unable to even enjoy the pleasure of his own wealth.
(buzurgon kaa maannaa hai ki kanjoos aadmii apnii daulat kaa bhii sukh nahiin bhog paataa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : a miser, a stingy person
noun, masculine/feminine
Synonyms: कृपण (kripan, literary)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Used as a label for a person -- वह बहुत बड़ा कंजूस है (vah bahut badaa kanjoos hai, 'he is a huge miser') is a classic complaint you'll hear about a boss, landlord, or in-law who won't spend money.
Sample Sentences:
वह बहुत बड़ा कंजूस है। He is a huge miser.
(vah bahut badaa kanjoos hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मेरा मकान मालिक एक नंबर का कंजूस है, किराया एक दिन भी माफ नहीं करता। My landlord is a total miser, he won't waive even a single day's rent.
(meraa makaan maalik ek nambar kaa kanjoos hai, kiraayaa ek din bhii maaph nahiin kartaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
दफ्तर में सब उसे कंजूस कहते थे। Everyone at the office used to call him a miser.
(daphtar men sab use kanjoos kahte the।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम मुझे कंजूस समझते हो? Do you think I'm a miser?
(kyaa tum mujhe kanjoos samajhte ho?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर वह ऐसा कंजूस न होता तो सबकी मदद करता। If he weren't such a miser, he would help everyone.
(agar vah aisaa kanjoos n hotaa to sabkii madad kartaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
उस कंजूस से एक रुपया भी निकालना मुश्किल है। It's hard to get even one rupee out of that miser.
(us kanjoos se ek rupyaa bhii nikaalnaa mushkil hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
ससुर जी को सब कंजूस बुलाते हैं, पर बेटी की शादी में उन्होंने दिल खोलकर खर्च किया। Everyone calls father-in-law a miser, but he spent lavishly at his daughter's wedding.
(sasur jii ko sab kanjoos bulaate hain, par betii kii shaadii men unhonne dil kholkar kharch kiyaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कंजूस मत बनो, दोस्तों के साथ थोड़ा खर्च भी करना चाहिए। Don't be a miser, you should spend a little on friends too.
(kanjoos mat bano, doston ke saath thodaa kharch bhii karnaa chaahie।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
यह सुनकर हैरानी हुई कि इतना बड़ा कंजूस चैरिटी में इतना दान दे गया। It was surprising to hear that such a huge miser donated so much to charity.
(yah sunkar hairaanii huii ki itnaa badaa kanjoos chairitii men itnaa daan de gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बॉस को दफ्तर में कंजूस के नाम से जाना जाता है। The boss is known in the office by the name of miser.
(bos ko daphtar men kanjoos ke naam se jaanaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
काश वह कंजूस थोड़ा हाथ खोलता। If only that miser would loosen his purse strings a little.
(kaash vah kanjoos thodaa haath kholtaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Adjective (invariant)
invariant: कंजूस (kanjoos)
Noun
(sg.m/f.direct): कंजूस (kanjoos)
(sg.m/f.oblique): कंजूस (kanjoos)
(pl.m/f.direct): कंजूसें (kanjoosen)
(pl.m/f.oblique): कंजूसों (kanjooson)