दूसरा (doosraa)

adjective/numeral Primarily 'second' (ordinal number) and 'other/another'; both senses are extremely common and grammatically behave like a regular variable adjective.
Sense 1 : other, another, different
adjective
Synonyms: अन्य (any, formal), और (aur, colloquial, means 'more/other')
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Very handy in daily talk: दूसरा कमरा (doosraa kamraa, 'the other room'), दूसरी बार (doosrii baar, 'the second time/another time') -- Delhi shopkeepers and rickshaw drivers use it constantly when offering alternatives, like कोई दूसरा रास्ता (koii doosraa raastaa, 'some other route').
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for और (aur) to mean 'another,' but और (aur) usually means 'more' or 'and'; दूसरा (doosraa) is the natural word for 'a different one.' 2) Remember it inflects like a regular आ-ending adjective: दूसरी किताब (doosrii kitaab, 'another book'), दूसरे लोग (doosre log, 'other people').
Sample Sentences:
क्या यहाँ जाने का कोई दूसरा रास्ता है? Is there some other way to get here?
(kyaa yahaan jaane kaa koii doosraa raastaa hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह कमरा छोटा है, हमें दूसरा कमरा देख लेना चाहिए। This room is small, we should check out another room.
(yah kamraa chhotaa hai, hamen doosraa kamraa dekh lenaa chaahie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मुझे यह वाला रंग पसंद नहीं, कोई दूसरा दिखाइए। I don't like this color, please show me another one.
(mujhe yah vaalaa rang pasand nahiin, koii doosraa dikhaaie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
पहले वह दूसरे शहर में रहता था, अब यहाँ आ गया है। Earlier he used to live in another city, now he's come here.
(pahle vah doosre shahar men rahtaa thaa, ab yahaan aa gayaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर यह दुकान बंद हो तो हम दूसरी दुकान पर चले जाएंगे। If this shop is closed, we'll go to another shop.
(agar yah dukaan band ho to ham doosrii dukaan par chale jaaenge।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर उसे यह नौकरी न मिलती तो वह कोई दूसरी नौकरी ढूंढ लेता। If he hadn't gotten this job, he would have found some other job.
(agar use yah naukrii n miltii to vah koii doosrii naukrii dhoondh letaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
रिक्शेवाले ने कहा कि उस तरफ का रास्ता बंद है, दूसरी सड़क से जाना पड़ेगा। The rickshaw driver said that road is closed, we'll have to go by another street.
(rikshevaale ne kahaa ki us taraph kaa raastaa band hai, doosrii sadak se jaanaa padegaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
यह किताब खत्म हो गई है, दूसरी किताब मंगाई जाएगी। This book has sold out, another book will be ordered.
(yah kitaab khatm ho gaii hai, doosrii kitaab mangaaii jaaegii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
हर इंसान का नज़रिया दूसरे इंसान से अलग होता है। Every person's perspective is different from another person's.
(har insaan kaa nazriyaa doosre insaan se alag hotaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश मेरे पास कोई दूसरा विकल्प होता। I wish I had some other option.
(kaash mere paas koii doosraa vikalp hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
दुकानदार ने पूछा, "यह पसंद नहीं आया? कोई दूसरा दिखाऊँ?" The shopkeeper asked, "Didn't you like this one? Should I show you another?"
(dukaandaar ne poochhaa, "yah pasand nahiin aayaa? koii doosraa dikhaaoon?")
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : second (ordinal number)
numeral Functions as an ordinal number placed before the noun, agreeing in gender/number like an adjective, e.g. दूसरा दिन (doosraa din, 'second day'), दूसरी मंज़िल (doosrii manzil, 'second floor').
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this constantly for addresses and directions in Delhi-NCR: दूसरी गली (doosrii galii, 'the second lane'), दूसरा मोड़ (doosraa mod, 'the second turn') -- a rickshaw-wallah giving directions is a classic place to absorb this sense.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes try to build 'second' from दो (do, 'two') by adding a generic suffix; दूसरा (doosraa) is the fixed irregular ordinal and must simply be learned as a separate word. 2) दूसरी मंज़िल (doosrii manzil) can mean either 'second floor' or, in some buildings, what English speakers call the 'first floor' above ground -- floor-numbering conventions vary, so context matters.
Sample Sentences:
दूसरी गली में मुड़ जाना। Turn into the second lane.
(doosrii galii men mud jaanaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
दूसरा मोड़ आपका घर है। The second turn is your house.
(doosraa mod aapkaa ghar hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मेरा बेटा दूसरी कक्षा में पढ़ता है। My son studies in the second grade.
(meraa betaa doosrii kakshaa men padhtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह इस प्रतियोगिता में दूसरे स्थान पर आया था। He came second in this competition.
(vah is pratiyogitaa men doosre sthaan par aayaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या यह दूसरी मंज़िल है? Is this the second floor?
(kyaa yah doosrii manzil hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर वह दूसरी बार कोशिश करता, तो शायद पास हो जाता। If he had tried a second time, he might have passed.
(agar vah doosrii baar koshish kartaa, to shaayad paas ho jaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
कृपया दूसरी पंक्ति में बैठिए। Please sit in the second row.
(kripyaa doosrii pankti men baithie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उम्मीद है कि यह दूसरा प्रयास सफल हो। I hope this second attempt is successful.
(ummiid hai ki yah doosraa prayaas saphal ho।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
दूसरा अध्याय पहले से ज़्यादा दिलचस्प है। The second chapter is more interesting than the first.
(doosraa adhyaay pahle se zyaadaa dilchasp hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह इस महीने की दूसरी बारिश है। This is the second rain of this month.
(yah is mahiine kii doosrii baarish hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
दूसरा दरवाज़ा खोला जाएगा जब पहला बंद हो जाएगा। The second door will be opened when the first one closes.
(doosraa darvaazaa kholaa jaaegaa jab pahlaa band ho jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
Morphology
Adjective (variable)
(sg.m): दूसरा (doosraa)
(pl.m): दूसरे (doosre)
(sg.f): दूसरी (doosrii)
(pl.f): दूसरी (doosrii)