मुग़ल (mughal)
noun/adjective
Refers to the Mughals, the Central Asian-descended dynasty that ruled much of the Indian subcontinent from the 1500s to the 1800s; used both as a noun for the people/dynasty and as an adjective for things associated with them (architecture, cuisine, style).
Sense
1
:
the Mughal dynasty/people
noun, masculine
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: In Delhi, you can hardly go a day without brushing up against the मुग़ल (mughal) legacy -- the Red Fort, Humayun's Tomb, and Jama Masjid are all their handiwork. Locals often speak of them with a mix of historical pride and complexity, since their rule is such a layered chapter in Indian history.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes drop the nuqta and write मुगल (mugal) -- this is a common casual spelling but the ग़ (gh) with nuqta reflects the original Persian/Central Asian pronunciation and is preferred in careful writing. 2) मुग़ल (mughal) refers specifically to this one dynasty/ethnic group -- it is not a generic word for 'emperor' or 'ruler', which would be बादशाह (baadshaah) or सम्राट (samraat).
Sample Sentences:
मुग़लों ने दिल्ली को अपनी राजधानी बनाया था।
The Mughals made Delhi their capital.
(mughlon ne dillii ko apnii raajdhaanii banaayaa thaa।)
लाल किला मुग़लों ने बनवाया था।
The Red Fort was built by the Mughals.
(laal kilaa mughlon ne banvaayaa thaa।)
मुग़लों का शासन लगभग तीन सौ साल तक चला।
The rule of the Mughals lasted for almost three hundred years.
(mughlon kaa shaasan lagbhag tiin sau saal tak chalaa।)
इतिहासकार अक्सर मुग़लों की वास्तुकला पर शोध करते हैं।
Historians often research the architecture of the Mughals.
(itihaaskaar aksar mughlon kii vaastuklaa par shodh karte hain।)
अगर मुग़ल यहाँ न आते, तो दिल्ली का इतिहास कुछ और होता।
If the Mughals had not come here, Delhi's history would have been something else.
(agar mughal yahaan n aate, to dillii kaa itihaas kuchh aur hotaa।)
क्या तुम्हें पता है कि मुग़ल मूल रूप से मध्य एशिया से आए थे?
Do you know that the Mughals originally came from Central Asia?
(kyaa tumhen pataa hai ki mughal mool roop se madhy eshiyaa se aae the?)
गाइड ने बताया कि यह इमारत मुग़लों के समय की है।
The guide explained that this building is from the time of the Mughals.
(gaaid ne bataayaa ki yah imaarat mughlon ke samay kii hai।)
मुग़लों के दरबार में कला और संगीत को बहुत महत्व दिया जाता था।
Great importance was given to art and music in the court of the Mughals.
(mughlon ke darbaar men kalaa aur sangiit ko bahut mahatv diyaa jaataa thaa।)
किताब में लिखा है कि मुग़लों और राजपूतों के बीच कई लड़ाइयाँ हुईं।
The book states that there were many battles between the Mughals and the Rajputs.
(kitaab men likhaa hai ki mughlon aur raajpooton ke biich kaii ladaaiyaan huiin।)
स्कूल में हम मुग़लों के बारे में पढ़ते थे।
In school, we used to study about the Mughals.
(skool men ham mughlon ke baare men padhte the।)
Sense
2
:
of or relating to the Mughals (style, cuisine, architecture)
adjective
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the sense you will hear most in daily life, especially around food -- मुग़लई (mughlaii) and मुग़ल (mughal) both show up on Delhi restaurant menus for rich, Mughal-court-inspired dishes like कोरमा (kormaa) and बिरयानी (biryaanii). Note the related word मुग़लई (mughlaii), a separate adjectival form specifically tied to cuisine and courtly style.
Common Mistakes: 1) In this adjectival use, the word usually stays invariant before a noun, e.g. मुग़ल खाना (mughal khaanaa, Mughal food) or मुग़ल शैली (mughal shailii, Mughal style) -- learners sometimes try to inflect it like a regular -आ (aa) adjective, which is incorrect here.
Sample Sentences:
यह रेस्टोरेंट अपने मुग़ल खाने के लिए मशहूर है।
This restaurant is famous for its Mughal food.
(yah restorent apne mughal khaane ke lie mashahoor hai।)
लाल किला मुग़ल वास्तुकला का शानदार नमूना है।
The Red Fort is a magnificent example of Mughal architecture.
(laal kilaa mughal vaastuklaa kaa shaandaar namoonaa hai।)
हमने शादी में मुग़ल स्टाइल का कोरमा बनवाया था।
We had Mughal-style korma made for the wedding.
(hamne shaadii men mughal staail kaa kormaa banvaayaa thaa।)
क्या तुमने कभी मुग़ल गार्डन देखा है?
Have you ever seen a Mughal garden?
(kyaa tumne kabhii mughal gaardan dekhaa hai?)
अगर पैसे होते तो मैं वह मुग़ल पेंटिंग जरूर खरीदता।
If I had the money, I would definitely have bought that Mughal painting.
(agar paise hote to main vah mughal penting jaroor khariidtaa।)
यह इमारत मुग़ल शैली में बनाई गई थी।
This building was constructed in Mughal style.
(yah imaarat mughal shailii men banaaii gaii thii।)
अगली बार वहाँ जाकर मुग़ल बिरयानी ज़रूर खाना।
Next time you go there, you must definitely eat the Mughal biryani.
(aglii baar vahaan jaakar mughal biryaanii zaroor khaanaa।)
शायद यह डिज़ाइन मुग़ल प्रभाव से प्रेरित हो।
Perhaps this design is inspired by Mughal influence.
(shaayad yah dizaain mughal prabhaav se prerit ho।)
मुग़ल दरबार की चित्रकला में बारीक काम देखने लायक होता है।
The fine work in Mughal court painting is worth seeing.
(mughal darbaar kii chitraklaa men baariik kaam dekhne laayak hotaa hai।)
वह मुग़ल तर्ज़ पर बना हुआ महल अब संग्रहालय बन चुका है।
That palace, built in Mughal style, has now become a museum.
(vah mughal tarz par banaa huaa mahal ab sangrahaalay ban chukaa hai।)
Morphology
Noun
(sg.m.direct):
मुग़ल
(mughal)
(sg.m.oblique):
मुग़ल
(mughal)
(pl.m.direct):
मुग़ल
(mughal)
(pl.m.oblique):
मुग़लों
(mughlon)
Adjective (invariant)
invariant:
मुग़ल
(mughal)