स्नातकोत्तर (snaatkottar)
adjective/noun
A formal, education-register word meaning 'postgraduate' -- built from स्नातक (snaatak, 'graduate') plus उत्तर (uttar, 'later, after'), literally 'after-graduate'. Used mainly as an adjective before degree/course names, and occasionally as a noun for the degree or the person holding it.
Sense
1
:
postgraduate (describing a degree, course, or level of study)
adjective
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You will see this word constantly on Indian university signage, admission forms, and job listings -- स्नातकोत्तर पाठ्यक्रम (snaatkottar paathyakram, 'postgraduate course') is bureaucratic-official vocabulary, the mirror image of स्नातक (snaatak, 'undergraduate/graduate'). In casual speech people often just say 'पोस्ट-ग्रेजुएशन' (post-grejueshan) or 'PG' instead, reserving स्नातकोत्तर for forms and formal writing.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes try to inflect it like a regular -आ adjective (e.g. treating it as स्नातकोत्तरा/स्नातकोत्तरे); it stays fixed regardless of the gender or number of the noun it modifies, e.g. स्नातकोत्तर डिग्री (snaatkottar digrii, 'postgraduate degree') and स्नातकोत्तर छात्र (snaatkottar chhaatr, 'postgraduate student'). 2) It is almost always used attributively right before the noun (course, degree, program) rather than as a standalone predicate describing a person's status -- for that, phrases with की डिग्री (kii digrii) or किया हुआ (kiyaa huaa) are more natural.
Sample Sentences:
यह स्नातकोत्तर पाठ्यक्रम दो साल का है।
This postgraduate course is two years long.
(yah snaatkottar paathyakram do saal kaa hai।)
विश्वविद्यालय ने नए स्नातकोत्तर विभाग की स्थापना की।
The university established a new postgraduate department.
(vishvvidyaalay ne nae snaatkottar vibhaag kii sthaapnaa kii।)
स्नातकोत्तर डिग्री के लिए आवेदन पत्र कल जमा करना है।
The application form for the postgraduate degree has to be submitted tomorrow.
(snaatkottar digrii ke lie aavedan patr kal jamaa karnaa hai।)
स्नातकोत्तर प्रवेश परीक्षा हर साल जून में होती है।
The postgraduate entrance exam is held every June.
(snaatkottar pravesh pariikshaa har saal joon men hotii hai।)
कृपया इस फॉर्म में अपनी स्नातकोत्तर योग्यता का विवरण भरें।
Please fill in the details of your postgraduate qualification on this form.
(kripyaa is phorm men apnii snaatkottar yogytaa kaa vivran bharen।)
काश कॉलेज में स्नातकोत्तर सुविधाएँ भी होतीं।
If only the college also had postgraduate facilities.
(kaash kolej men snaatkottar suvidhaaen bhii hotiin।)
अगर तुम स्नातकोत्तर शिक्षा पूरी करते तो नौकरी मिलना आसान होता।
If you had completed postgraduate education, getting a job would have been easier.
(agar tum snaatkottar shikshaa poorii karte to naukrii milnaa aasaan hotaa।)
स्नातकोत्तर छात्रवृत्ति के लिए आवेदन पिछले हफ्ते स्वीकार किए गए।
Applications for the postgraduate scholarship were accepted last week.
(snaatkottar chhaatrvritti ke lie aavedan pichhle haphte sviikaar kie gae।)
यूजीसी ने सभी विश्वविद्यालयों को स्नातकोत्तर पाठ्यक्रम की समीक्षा करने का निर्देश दिया।
The UGC directed all universities to review their postgraduate curriculum.
(yoojiisii ne sabhii vishvvidyaalyon ko snaatkottar paathyakram kii samiikshaa karne kaa nirdesh diyaa।)
मुझे उम्मीद है कि यह स्नातकोत्तर शोध कार्यक्रम अगले सत्र से शुरू हो जाए।
I hope this postgraduate research program starts from next session.
(mujhe ummiid hai ki yah snaatkottar shodh kaaryakram agle satr se shuroo ho jaae।)
Sense
2
:
a postgraduate (person who holds a postgraduate degree)
noun, masculine/feminine Used as a noun to refer to the person, most often in official or descriptive contexts, e.g. listing someone's qualification.
Frequency: low
Cultural Note: This nominal use is less common than the adjectival one; you will more often hear it as part of a fuller phrase like स्नातकोत्तर उपाधिधारी (snaatkottar upaadhidhaarii, 'holder of a postgraduate qualification') in formal bios and CVs.
Sample Sentences:
वह एक स्नातकोत्तर है।
He is a postgraduate.
(vah ek snaatkottar hai।)
इस विभाग में ज़्यादातर स्नातकोत्तर ही काम करते हैं।
In this department, mostly postgraduates work here.
(is vibhaag men zyaadaatar snaatkottar hii kaam karte hain।)
कंपनी को इस पद के लिए एक स्नातकोत्तर चाहिए।
The company needs a postgraduate for this position.
(kampnii ko is pad ke lie ek snaatkottar chaahie।)
वह स्नातकोत्तर उपाधिधारी है और शोध में लगा हुआ है।
He is a holder of a postgraduate qualification and is engaged in research.
(vah snaatkottar upaadhidhaarii hai aur shodh men lagaa huaa hai।)
बीघे में सिर्फ़ दो ही स्नातकोत्तर थे, बाकी सब स्नातक थे।
In the village there were only two postgraduates; the rest were all graduates.
(biighe men sirf do hii snaatkottar the, baakii sab snaatak the।)
अगर वह स्नातकोत्तर होता तो उसे यह नौकरी मिल जाती।
If he were a postgraduate, he would have gotten this job.
(agar vah snaatkottar hotaa to use yah naukrii mil jaatii।)
कृपया इस पद के लिए केवल स्नातकोत्तर ही आवेदन करें।
Please, only postgraduates should apply for this position.
(kripyaa is pad ke lie keval snaatkottar hii aavedan karen।)
उम्मीदवार के स्नातकोत्तर होने की संभावना है, पर प्रमाणपत्र अभी नहीं आया।
It is possible that the candidate is a postgraduate, but the certificate hasn't arrived yet.
(ummiidvaar ke snaatkottar hone kii sambhaavnaa hai, par pramaanpatr abhii nahiin aayaa।)
उसे स्नातकोत्तर के रूप में सम्मानित किया गया।
He was honored as a postgraduate.
(use snaatkottar ke roop men sammaanit kiyaa gayaa।)
Morphology
Adjective (invariant)
invariant:
स्नातकोत्तर
(snaatkottar)
Noun
(sg.m/f.direct):
स्नातकोत्तर
(snaatkottar)
(sg.m/f.oblique):
स्नातकोत्तर
(snaatkottar)
(pl.m/f.direct):
स्नातकोत्तरें
(snaatkottren)
(pl.m/f.oblique):
स्नातकोत्तरों
(snaatkottron)