तेज़ (tez)

adjective Covers physical speed/quickness, intensity of sensation (spicy, bright, strong), and sharpness (blade, mind, senses) -- all senses of the English 'sharp/intense/fast' cluster. Also spelled तेज (without the nuqta) in some texts.
Sense 1 : fast, quick (speed)
adjective
Synonyms: जल्दी (jaldii), फुर्तीला (phurtiilaa, of a person or animal's movement)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Ask any Delhi auto-wallah to slow down and you'll say ज़रा धीरे (zaraa dhiire), और तेज़ मत चलाओ (aur tez mat chalaao, 'don't drive so fast') -- तेज़ (tez) is the everyday word for speed on the road, on a fan, on a runner, on almost anything that moves.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for जल्दी (jaldii) to describe a fast-moving vehicle or runner, but तेज़ (tez) is the natural choice there: गाड़ी तेज़ चल रही है (gaadii tez chal rahii hai, 'the car is going fast'); जल्दी (jaldii) is more about doing something soon/hastily, not the speed of motion itself.
Sample Sentences:
ज़रा धीरे चलाओ, तुम बहुत तेज़ चला रहे हो। Drive a bit slower, you're driving really fast.
(zaraa dhiire chalaao, tum bahut tez chalaa rahe ho।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह गाड़ी बहुत तेज़ है। This car is very fast.
(yah gaadii bahut tez hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह इतना तेज़ दौड़ता है कि कोई उसे पकड़ नहीं पाता। He runs so fast that no one can catch him.
(vah itnaa tez daudtaa hai ki koii use pakad nahiin paataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
और तेज़ मत चलाओ, सड़क गीली है। Don't drive any faster, the road is wet.
(aur tez mat chalaao, sadak giilii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
पंखा तेज़ कर दो, बहुत गर्मी लग रही है। Turn the fan up faster, it's really hot.
(pankhaa tez kar do, bahut garmii lag rahii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
कल वह ट्रेन इतनी तेज़ चली कि हम समय से पहले पहुँच गए। Yesterday that train went so fast that we arrived before time.
(kal vah tren itnii tez chalii ki ham samay se pahle pahunch gae।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर वह थोड़ा तेज़ चलता, तो बस नहीं छूटती। If he had walked a bit faster, he wouldn't have missed the bus.
(agar vah thodaa tez chaltaa, to bas nahiin chhoottii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
इंटरनेट की स्पीड पहले से कहीं ज़्यादा तेज़ हो गई है। The internet speed has become much faster than before.
(intarnet kii spiid pahle se kahiin zyaadaa tez ho gaii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम्हारा फ़ोन इस नए वाले से ज़्यादा तेज़ है? Is your phone faster than this new one?
(kyaa tumhaaraa fon is nae vaale se zyaadaa tez hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
शायद हमें एक तेज़ रास्ता मिल जाए ताकि जल्दी पहुँच सकें। Maybe we'll find a faster route so that we can arrive quickly.
(shaayad hamen ek tez raastaa mil jaae taaki jaldii pahunch saken।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
कृपया तेज़ गति से वाहन न चलाएँ, यह क्षेत्र स्कूल के पास है। Please do not drive at high speed, this area is near a school.
(kripyaa tez gati se vaahan n chalaaen, yah kshetr skool ke paas hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
तेज़ हवा से नाव तेज़ी से किनारे की ओर ले जाई गई। The boat was quickly carried toward the shore by the fast wind.
(tez havaa se naav tezii se kinaare kii or le jaaii gaii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
Sense 2 : strong, intense (sensation: spicy, bright, loud, strong-smelling)
adjective
Synonyms: तीखा (tiikhaa, spicy/pungent specifically), कड़क (kadak, colloquial, of tea/coffee)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the word your Nani reaches for constantly: तेज़ मिर्च मत डालो (tez mirch mat daalo, 'don't put too much chilli'), तेज़ बुखार है (tez bukhaar hai, 'he has a high fever'), बत्ती तेज़ करो (battii tez karo, 'turn up the light'). One word doing duty for spicy, bright, loud, and high all at once is very Hindi -- English wants a different adjective for each.
Common Mistakes: 1) तेज़ (tez) is the general-purpose intensity word -- तेज़ मिर्च (tez mirch, 'spicy chilli'), तेज़ रोशनी (tez roshnii, 'bright light'), तेज़ आवाज़ (tez aavaaz, 'loud voice/sound'), तेज़ बुखार (tez bukhaar, 'high fever') -- learners sometimes hunt for a separate word for each of these when तेज़ (tez) covers them all.
Sample Sentences:
मम्मी, इसमें मिर्च बहुत तेज़ है। Mom, the chilli in this is really strong.
(mammii, ismen mirch bahut tez hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बच्चे को कल रात तेज़ बुखार था। The child had a high fever last night.
(bachche ko kal raat tez bukhaar thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
ज़रा बत्ती तेज़ कर दो, कुछ दिख नहीं रहा। Turn up the light a bit, I can't see anything.
(zaraa battii tez kar do, kuchh dikh nahiin rahaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
इतना तेज़ मत बोलो, बच्चा सो रहा है। Don't talk so loudly, the baby is sleeping.
(itnaa tez mat bolo, bachchaa so rahaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
इस इत्र की खुशबू बहुत तेज़ है, सिर दर्द होने लगता है। This perfume's smell is so strong, it starts giving me a headache.
(is itr kii khushboo bahut tez hai, sir dard hone lagtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर धूप इतनी तेज़ न होती तो हम बाहर बैठते। If the sunlight weren't so harsh, we would sit outside.
(agar dhoop itnii tez n hotii to ham baahar baithte।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
स्पीकर की आवाज़ इतनी तेज़ कर दी गई कि पड़ोसी शिकायत करने आ गए। The speaker's volume was turned up so high that the neighbors came to complain.
(spiikar kii aavaaz itnii tez kar dii gaii ki padosii shikaayat karne aa gae।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
डॉक्टर ने कहा कि अगर बुखार और तेज़ हुआ तो अस्पताल ले जाना पड़ेगा। The doctor said that if the fever gets any higher, we'll have to take him to the hospital.
(doktar ne kahaa ki agar bukhaar aur tez huaa to asptaal le jaanaa padegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
काश एसी थोड़ा तेज़ हो, कमरा तो अभी भी गर्म है। I wish the AC were a bit stronger, the room is still hot.
(kaash esii thodaa tez ho, kamraa to abhii bhii garm hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
उस दवा की गंध इतनी तेज़ थी कि पूरा कमरा भर गया। That medicine's smell was so strong it filled the whole room.
(us davaa kii gandh itnii tez thii ki pooraa kamraa bhar gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
नानी हमेशा कहती हैं कि तेज़ मिर्च मत डालो, पेट खराब हो जाएगा। Nani always says don't put too much chilli in, your stomach will get upset.
(naanii hameshaa kahtii hain ki tez mirch mat daalo, pet kharaab ho jaaegaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : sharp (blade, edge)
adjective
Synonyms: नुकीला (nukiilaa, pointed rather than edged)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: छुरी तेज़ करो (chhurii tez karo, 'sharpen the knife') is a common kitchen instruction -- तेज़ (tez) here describes a physical cutting edge, the literal root from which the 'sharp-minded' sense below extends.
Sample Sentences:
यह छुरी बहुत तेज़ है। This knife is very sharp.
(yah chhurii bahut tez hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
छुरी तेज़ करो, सब्ज़ी नहीं कट रही। Sharpen the knife, the vegetables aren't cutting.
(chhurii tez karo, sabzii nahiin kat rahii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
बढ़िया शेविंग के लिए ब्लेड तेज़ होना चाहिए। For a good shave, the blade should be sharp.
(badhiyaa sheving ke lie bled tez honaa chaahie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कैंची इतनी तेज़ थी कि कागज़ एक बार में कट गया। The scissors were so sharp that the paper got cut in one go.
(kainchii itnii tez thii ki kaagaz ek baar men kat gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर कुल्हाड़ी तेज़ होती तो लकड़ी इतनी देर नहीं लगती। If the axe were sharp, the wood wouldn't have taken this long.
(agar kulhaadii tez hotii to lakdii itnii der nahiin lagtii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
पत्थर पर रगड़ने से चाकू और तेज़ हो जाएगा। Rubbing it on the stone will make the knife even sharper.
(patthar par ragadne se chaakoo aur tez ho jaaegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
क्या यह उस्तरा अभी भी तेज़ है? Is this razor still sharp?
(kyaa yah ustraa abhii bhii tez hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सर्जन ने सुनिश्चित किया कि हर उपकरण पूरी तरह तेज़ हो। The surgeon made sure that every instrument was perfectly sharp.
(sarjan ne sunishchit kiyaa ki har upakran poorii tarah tez ho।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
पुराने ज़माने में तलवारें ऐसी तेज़ होती थीं कि एक ही वार में सिर धड़ से अलग हो जाता था। In olden times swords used to be so sharp that a single blow would sever head from body.
(puraane zamaane men talvaaren aisii tez hotii thiin ki ek hii vaar men sir dhad se alag ho jaataa thaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 4 : sharp-witted, intelligent
adjective
Synonyms: होशियार (hoshiyaar), चालाक (chaalaak, can lean toward 'cunning')
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the same तेज़ (tez) as the sharp knife above, extended metaphorically: a quick mind 'cuts' through problems the way a sharp blade cuts through vegetables. Every Indian parent has said or heard बेटा तेज़ है (betaa tez hai, 'the boy/child is sharp') about a bright student.
Common Mistakes: 1) तेज़ (tez) in this sense is almost always praise for quickness of mind -- तेज़ दिमाग़ (tez dimaagh, 'sharp mind'), वह पढ़ाई में तेज़ है (vah padhaaii men tez hai, 'she's sharp/quick at studies') -- unlike चालाक (chaalaak), which can carry a whiff of slyness.
Sample Sentences:
मेरा बेटा पढ़ने में बहुत तेज़ है। My son is very sharp at studies.
(meraa betaa padhne men bahut tez hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह क्लास में सबसे तेज़ लड़की थी। She was the sharpest girl in the class.
(vah klaas men sabse tez ladkii thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर तू थोड़ा तेज़ होता तो यह सवाल कब का हल कर लेता। If you were a bit sharper, you would have solved this question long ago.
(agar too thodaa tez hotaa to yah savaal kab kaa hal kar letaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
क्या तुझे लगता है कि वह इतना तेज़ है कि इस नौकरी के लिए चुना जाएगा? Do you think he is sharp enough to be chosen for this job?
(kyaa tujhe lagtaa hai ki vah itnaa tez hai ki is naukrii ke lie chunaa jaaegaa?)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
टीचर ने कहा कि यह बच्चा वाकई तेज़ है। The teacher said that this child is really sharp.
(tiichar ne kahaa ki yah bachchaa vaakaii tez hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश मैं भी अपने भाई जितना तेज़ होता। I wish I were as sharp as my brother.
(kaash main bhii apne bhaaii jitnaa tez hotaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
यह लड़का समय के साथ और तेज़ होता जा रहा है। This boy is getting sharper with time.
(yah ladkaa samay ke saath aur tez hotaa jaa rahaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
प्रबंधन ऐसे तेज़ कर्मचारियों की तलाश में है जो जल्दी सीख सकें। The management is looking for such sharp employees who can learn quickly.
(prabandhan aise tez karmchaariyon kii talaash men hai jo jaldii siikh saken।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
तू इतना तेज़ है, फिर भी गलती कैसे कर बैठा? You're so sharp, so how did you end up making this mistake?
(too itnaa tez hai, phir bhii galtii kaise kar baithaa?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बचपन से ही वह अपने भाई-बहनों से ज़्यादा तेज़ रही है। Since childhood, she has been sharper than her siblings.
(bachpan se hii vah apne bhaaii-bahnon se zyaadaa tez rahii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बेटा तेज़ है, बड़ा होकर ज़रूर नाम कमाएगा। The boy is sharp, he'll surely make a name for himself when he grows up.
(betaa tez hai, badaa hokar zaroor naam kamaaegaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Adjective (invariant)
invariant: तेज़ (tez)