सूखना (sookhnaa)
verb
One core sense: to dry, to become dry -- used for clothes, plants, skin, rivers, and by extension for the body wasting away or feelings drying up. Intransitive; its transitive causative partner is सुखाना (sukhaanaa, 'to dry something').
Sense
1
:
to become dry (clothes, weather-exposed objects)
verb, intransitive
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: In a Delhi household this is the verb for clothes on the छत (chhat, 'terrace/roof') line: कपड़े धूप में सूख रहे हैं (kapde dhoop men sookh rahe hain, 'the clothes are drying in the sun'). Its transitive partner सुखाना (sukhaanaa) is what you do to the clothes (hang them out); सूखना (sookhnaa) is what the clothes themselves do.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners reach for सुखाना (sukhaanaa) when they mean 'the clothes are drying' -- but if the clothes themselves are the subject and no one is actively drying them, use सूखना (sookhnaa): कपड़े सूख रहे हैं (kapde sookh rahe hain, 'the clothes are drying'), not कपड़े सुखा रहे हैं (kapde sukhaa rahe hain), which would mean someone is drying them.
Sample Sentences:
कपड़े धूप में सूख रहे हैं।
The clothes are drying in the sun.
(kapde dhoop men sookh rahe hain।)
बारिश की वजह से कपड़े नहीं सूखे।
Because of the rain, the clothes did not dry.
(baarish kii vajah se kapde nahiin sookhe।)
गर्मियों में कपड़े जल्दी सूख जाते हैं।
In summer, clothes dry quickly.
(garmiyon men kapde jaldii sookh jaate hain।)
छत पर कपड़े डाल दो, सूख जाएँगे।
Put the clothes out on the terrace, they'll dry.
(chhat par kapde daal do, sookh jaaenge।)
अगर धूप होती तो कपड़े अब तक सूख जाते।
If there had been sun, the clothes would have dried by now.
(agar dhoop hotii to kapde ab tak sookh jaate।)
कृपया कपड़े तब तक न उठाइए जब तक वे पूरी तरह सूख न जाएँ।
Please don't take down the clothes until they are completely dry.
(kripyaa kapde tab tak n uthaaie jab tak ve poorii tarah sookh n jaaen।)
इतनी नमी में तौलिया कैसे सूखेगा?
How will the towel dry in this much humidity?
(itnii namii men tauliyaa kaise sookhegaa?)
पंखे के नीचे कपड़े सुखाए जाते हैं ताकि वे तेज़ी से सूखें।
Clothes are dried under the fan so that they dry faster.
(pankhe ke niiche kapde sukhaae jaate hain taaki ve tezii se sookhen।)
जरा देखो, चादर सूख गई या नहीं।
Just check whether the sheet has dried or not.
(jaraa dekho, chaadar sookh gaii yaa nahiin।)
उस समय तक बरसात के कपड़े पूरी तरह सूख चुके थे।
By that time, the rain-soaked clothes had completely dried.
(us samay tak barsaat ke kapde poorii tarah sookh chuke the।)
धूप तेज़ हो तो जींस भी घंटे भर में सूख सकती है।
If the sun is strong, even jeans can dry within an hour.
(dhoop tez ho to jiins bhii ghante bhar men sookh saktii hai।)
Sense
2
:
to dry up (water bodies, plants, moisture)
verb, intransitive
Synonyms: मुरझाना (murjhaanaa, for plants/flowers)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Used for rivers, wells, and ponds running dry -- तालाब सूख गया (taalaab sookh gayaa, 'the pond dried up') -- as well as for plants: पौधा सूख गया (paudhaa sookh gayaa, 'the plant dried up/withered'). This sense carries a note of loss, especially in stories about drought or neglected gardens.
Sample Sentences:
इस साल गर्मी में तालाब पूरी तरह सूख गया।
This summer, the pond dried up completely.
(is saal garmii men taalaab poorii tarah sookh gayaa।)
अगर बारिश नहीं हुई तो नदी सूख जाएगी।
If it doesn't rain, the river will dry up.
(agar baarish nahiin huii to nadii sookh jaaegii।)
कुएँ का पानी हर साल गर्मियों में सूख जाता है।
The well's water dries up every summer.
(kuen kaa paanii har saal garmiyon men sookh jaataa hai।)
बिना पानी दिए पौधा सूख रहा है।
Without being watered, the plant is drying up.
(binaa paanii die paudhaa sookh rahaa hai।)
पानी को समय पर मत सूखने दो।
Don't let the water dry up in time -- do it before it's too late.
(paanii ko samay par mat sookhne do।)
काश यह झील कभी न सूखती।
If only this lake never dried up.
(kaash yah jhiil kabhii n sookhtii।)
अगर सिंचाई की व्यवस्था होती तो खेत के पौधे न सूखते।
If there had been an irrigation system, the field's plants would not have dried up.
(agar sinchaaii kii vyavasthaa hotii to khet ke paudhe n sookhte।)
गाँव के बुज़ुर्ग कहते हैं कि सूखी नदी फिर से बहे, यही उनकी दुआ है।
The village elders say their prayer is that the dried-up river may flow again.
(gaanv ke buzurg kahte hain ki sookhii nadii phir se bahe, yahii unkii duaa hai।)
सूखे की वजह से इस बार सारे तालाब सूख गए हैं।
Because of the drought, all the ponds have dried up this time.
(sookhe kii vajah se is baar saare taalaab sookh gae hain।)
बरसों की उपेक्षा से बगीचे के सारे पौधे सूख चुके हैं।
Due to years of neglect, all the plants in the garden have already withered.
(barson kii upekshaa se bagiiche ke saare paudhe sookh chuke hain।)
जब झरना सूख जाता है, तो पूरा जंगल उदास लगता है।
When the waterfall dries up, the whole forest seems sorrowful.
(jab jharnaa sookh jaataa hai, to pooraa jangal udaas lagtaa hai।)
Sense
3
:
to become thin/wasted (body), or for feelings/relationships to wither
verb, intransitive
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: A worried mother might say बेटा सूख गया है (betaa sookh gayaa hai, 'the boy has become thin/wasted') about a child who has lost weight from illness or stress -- the body 'drying up' the way a plant does. The same image extends to emotions: प्यार सूख गया (pyaar sookh gayaa, 'the love dried up') for affection that has faded.
Sample Sentences:
बीमारी की वजह से वह बहुत सूख गया है।
He has become very thin because of his illness.
(biimaarii kii vajah se vah bahut sookh gayaa hai।)
बेटा सूख गया है, माँ को बहुत चिंता हो रही है।
The boy has become thin and wasted, and his mother is very worried.
(betaa sookh gayaa hai, maan ko bahut chintaa ho rahii hai।)
समय के साथ उनका प्यार सूख गया।
Over time, their love dried up.
(samay ke saath unkaa pyaar sookh gayaa।)
अगर तुम खाना नहीं खाओगे तो एक दिन सूख जाओगे।
If you don't eat, you'll waste away one day.
(agar tum khaanaa nahiin khaaoge to ek din sookh jaaoge।)
जब से उसकी नौकरी गई है, वह दिन-ब-दिन सूखता जा रहा है।
Ever since he lost his job, he's been wasting away day by day.
(jab se uskii naukrii gaii hai, vah din-b-din sookhtaa jaa rahaa hai।)
अगर तुम इतना काम करते रहे तो सूख जाओगे, थोड़ा आराम भी करो।
If you keep working this much you'll waste away, take some rest too.
(agar tum itnaa kaam karte rahe to sookh jaaoge, thodaa aaraam bhii karo।)
काश उसका प्यार इस तरह न सूखता।
If only his love hadn't withered away like this.
(kaash uskaa pyaar is tarah n sookhtaa।)
डॉक्टर ने कहा कि अगर इलाज न हुआ तो मरीज़ ऐसे ही सूखता चला जाएगा।
The doctor said that without treatment, the patient would just keep wasting away like this.
(doktar ne kahaa ki agar ilaaj n huaa to mariiz aise hii sookhtaa chalaa jaaegaa।)
उनके रिश्ते सूख कर बस औपचारिकता भर रह गए हैं।
Their relationships have withered away and are now just a formality.
(unke rishte sookh kar bas aupchaariktaa bhar rah gae hain।)
इतना तनाव मत लो, वरना तुम अंदर से सूख जाओगे।
Don't take on so much stress, or you'll waste away from the inside.
(itnaa tanaav mat lo, varnaa tum andar se sookh jaaoge।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
सूखना
(sookhnaa)
infinitive oblique:
सूखने
(sookhne)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
सूखता
(sookhtaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
सूखते
(sookhte)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
सूखती
(sookhtii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
सूखतीं
(sookhtiin)
continuous (sg.m):
सूख रहा
(sookh rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
सूख रहे
(sookh rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
सूख रही
(sookh rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
सूख रहीं
(sookh rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
सूखा
(sookhaa)
perfective (pl.m):
सूखे
(sookhe)
perfective (sg.f):
सूखी
(sookhii)
perfective (pl.f):
सूखीं
(sookhiin)
imperative (informal):
सूख
(sookh)
imperative (neutral):
सूखो
(sookho)
imperative (formal):
सूखिए
(sookhie)
future (1sg.m):
सूखूँगा
(sookhoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
सूखूँगी
(sookhoongii)
future (1pl.m):
सूखेंगे
(sookhenge)
future (1pl.f):
सूखेंगी
(sookhengii)
future (2sg.m):
सूखेगा
(sookhegaa)
future (2sg.f):
सूखेगी
(sookhegii)
future (2pl.m):
सूखोगे
(sookhoge)
future (2pl.f):
सूखोगी
(sookhogii)
future (3sg.m):
सूखेगा
(sookhegaa)
future (3sg.f):
सूखेगी
(sookhegii)
future (3pl.m):
सूखेंगे
(sookhenge)
future (3pl.f):
सूखेंगी
(sookhengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
सूखूँ
(sookhoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
सूखें
(sookhen)
subjunctive (2sg):
सूखे
(sookhe)
subjunctive (2pl):
सूखो
(sookho)
subjunctive (3sg):
सूखे
(sookhe)
subjunctive (3pl):
सूखें
(sookhen)