जीना (jiinaa)

verb जीना (jiinaa) is the basic verb 'to live' -- covering both the biological sense of being alive and the fuller sense of living a life or lifestyle.
Sense 1 : to be alive, to live (exist)
verb, intransitive
Synonyms: जिंदा रहना (jindaa rahnaa, to stay alive), ज़िंदा रहना (zindaa rahnaa, variant spelling with nuqta)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this word in the everyday reassurance ज़िंदगी है, जीना पड़ेगा (zindgii hai, jiinaa padegaa, 'it's life, one has to live it') -- a very Delhi way of shrugging off hardship. It pairs naturally with मरना (marnaa, to die) as its opposite, and the two together show up constantly in idiom and film dialogue about fate and struggle.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes reach for रहना (rahnaa) when they mean 'to live/reside somewhere,' but जीना (jiinaa) is about being alive, not about where you dwell -- 'मैं दिल्ली में रहता हूँ (main dillii men rahtaa hoon, I live in Delhi)' uses रहना, not जीना. 2) The famous phrase जीना है (jiinaa hai, one must live / I want to live) uses जीना with है as a modal-like construction meaning 'to have to live' or 'to want to live,' which can confuse learners expecting a simple present tense.
Sample Sentences:
वह अब भी ज़िंदा है, जीता है, साँस लेता है। He is still alive, he lives, he breathes.
(vah ab bhii zindaa hai, jiitaa hai, saans letaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
डॉक्टर ने कहा कि मरीज़ अब बस चंद दिन ही जी सकता है। The doctor said that the patient can now live only a few more days.
(doktar ne kahaa ki mariiz ab bas chand din hii jii saktaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
ज़िंदगी है, जीना पड़ेगा। It's life, one has to live it.
(zindgii hai, jiinaa padegaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर वह ज़िंदा होता, तो आज सौ साल का होता। If he were alive, he would be a hundred years old today.
(agar vah zindaa hotaa, to aaj sau saal kaa hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
जी तो लो, बाद में फ़िक्र करते रहना। Just live a little, you can keep worrying later.
(jii to lo, baad men fikr karte rahnaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
न वह मरा, न वह ठीक से जी पाया। He neither died nor was he able to really live.
(n vah maraa, n vah thiik se jii paayaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
उम्मीद है कि तुम सौ साल जियो। I hope you live to be a hundred years old.
(ummiid hai ki tum sau saal jiyo।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
युद्ध में इतने लोग मारे गए कि जीने वालों की गिनती करना मुश्किल था। So many people died in the war that it was hard to count those who lived.
(yuddh men itne log maare gae ki jiine vaalon kii gintii karnaa mushkil thaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
डॉक्टरों ने उसे बचा लिया, अब वह जी उठा है। The doctors saved him, now he has come back to life.
(doktron ne use bachaa liyaa, ab vah jii uthaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बिना पानी के कोई भी प्राणी नहीं जी सकता। No living being can survive without water.
(binaa paanii ke koii bhii praanii nahiin jii saktaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसकी यादों में वह आज भी जीता है। He still lives on in her memories.
(uskii yaadon men vah aaj bhii jiitaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : to live (a certain way), to spend one's life
verb, intransitive Often takes ज़िंदगी (zindgii) or जीवन (jiivan) as a cognate-object-like companion, as in ज़िंदगी जीना (zindgii jiinaa, 'to live [one's] life'), even though जीना itself is intransitive.
Synonyms: गुज़ारना (guzaarnaa, to spend/pass time or life), बिताना (bitaanaa, to spend time)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the 'living well' sense you hear in phrases like खुलकर जीना (khulkar jiinaa, to live freely/openly) or अपने तरीके से जीना (apne tariike se jiinaa, to live life on one's own terms) -- a favorite theme in Hindi film dialogues and motivational talk about not just surviving but truly living.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often assume जीना needs ने (ne) marking in the past tense since it appears with an object-like noun (ज़िंदगी (zindgii)), but it stays intransitive throughout -- मैंने ज़िंदगी जी (mainne zindgii jii) is wrong; the correct form is मैं ज़िंदगी जीया/जिया (main zindgii jiyaa) with subject agreement, not ने.
Sample Sentences:
मैं अपने तरीके से जीना चाहता हूँ। I want to live life on my own terms.
(main apne tariike se jiinaa chaahtaa hoon।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
खुलकर जियो, किसी की परवाह मत करो। Live freely, don't worry about anyone.
(khulkar jiyo, kisii kii parvaah mat karo।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
वह हमेशा दूसरों के लिए जीती थी। She always lived for others.
(vah hameshaa doosron ke lie jiitii thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर मुझे मौका मिलता, तो मैं बिल्कुल अलग तरीके से जीता। If I got the chance, I would live my life completely differently.
(agar mujhe maukaa miltaa, to main bilkul alag tariike se jiitaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
काश मैं भी खुलकर जी पाता। I wish I too could live freely.
(kaash main bhii khulkar jii paataa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
हमें डर के साये में नहीं, बल्कि पूरी हिम्मत से जीना चाहिए। We should not live in the shadow of fear, but with full courage.
(hamen dar ke saaye men nahiin, balki poorii himmat se jiinaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम सचमुच इस तरह जी सकते हो? Can you really live like this?
(kyaa tum sachmuch is tarah jii sakte ho?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह किताब सिखाती है कि खुशी से कैसे जिया जाए। This book teaches how one can live happily.
(yah kitaab sikhaatii hai ki khushii se kaise jiyaa jaae।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
आजकल के बच्चे अपनी शर्तों पर जी रहे हैं। Nowadays kids are living life on their own terms.
(aajkal ke bachche apnii sharton par jii rahe hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने आखिरी साँस तक शान से जीने की कोशिश की। He tried to live with dignity until his last breath.
(usne aakhirii saans tak shaan se jiine kii koshish kii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
फिल्म का यही संदेश है -- डर-डर के मत जियो, हर पल को पूरा जियो। That's the film's message -- don't live in fear, live every moment fully.
(philm kaa yahii sandesh hai -- dar-dar ke mat jiyo, har pal ko pooraa jiyo।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Verb
infinitive: जीना (jiinaa)
infinitive oblique: जीने (jiine)
habitual/simple (sg.m): जीता (jiitaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m): जीते (jiite)
habitual/simple (sg.f): जीती (jiitii)
habitual/simple (pl.f): जीतीं (jiitiin)
continuous (sg.m): जी रहा (jii rahaa)
continuous (pl.m): जी रहे (jii rahe)
continuous (sg.f): जी रही (jii rahii)
continuous (pl.f): जी रहीं (jii rahiin)
perfective (sg.m): जिया (jiyaa)
perfective (pl.m): जिये (jiye)
perfective (sg.f): जियी (jiyii)
perfective (pl.f): जियीं (jiyiin)
imperative (informal): जी (jii)
imperative (neutral): जियो (jiyo)
imperative (formal): जीजिए (jiijie)
future (1sg.m): जियूँगा (jiyoongaa)
future (1sg.f): जियूँगी (jiyoongii)
future (1pl.m): जियेंगे (jiyenge)
future (1pl.f): जियेंगी (jiyengii)
future (2sg.m): जियेगा (jiyegaa)
future (2sg.f): जियेगी (jiyegii)
future (2pl.m): जियोगे (jiyoge)
future (2pl.f): जियोगी (jiyogii)
future (3sg.m): जियेगा (jiyegaa)
future (3sg.f): जियेगी (jiyegii)
future (3pl.m): जियेंगे (jiyenge)
future (3pl.f): जियेंगी (jiyengii)
subjunctive (1sg): जियूँ (jiyoon)
subjunctive (1pl): जियें (jiyen)
subjunctive (2sg): जिये (jiye)
subjunctive (2pl): जियो (jiyo)
subjunctive (3sg): जिये (jiye)
subjunctive (3pl): जियें (jiyen)