लड़ना (ladnaa)

verb Basic verb for physical fighting/quarreling (लड़ना (ladnaa)) and, by extension, fighting for a cause or contesting an election.
Sense 1 : to fight, quarrel (physically or verbally)
verb, intransitive The person fought with is marked with से (se): बच्चे आपस में लड़ रहे हैं (bachche aapas men lad rahe hain, 'the kids are fighting among themselves').
Synonyms: झगड़ना (jhagadnaa), भिड़ना (bhidnaa, colloquial)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the word every Indian parent uses when siblings are squabbling over the TV remote or the last piece of mithai (mithaaii) -- लड़ना (ladnaa) covers everything from a full brawl to a petty verbal spat, so context and tone matter more than the verb itself.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often want to mark the opponent with को (ko) as if लड़ना (ladnaa) were transitive toward a person; the correct marker is से (se), e.g. वह मुझसे लड़ा (vah mujhse ladaa, 'he fought with me'), not मुझको (mujhko). 2) This verb is intransitive despite describing an action done 'to' someone, so ने (ne) is not used in the perfective: वह लड़ा (vah ladaa), not उसने लड़ा (usne ladaa).
Sample Sentences:
बच्चे रोज़ खिलौनों के लिए लड़ते हैं। The kids fight over toys every day.
(bachche roz khilaunon ke lie ladte hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वे दोनों रिमोट के लिए लड़ रहे हैं। The two of them are fighting over the remote.
(ve donon rimot ke lie lad rahe hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कल रात मेरी बहन से मेरी ज़ोरदार लड़ाई हुई... मतलब हम बहुत लड़े। Last night my sister and I had a huge fight... I mean, we fought a lot.
(kal raat merii bahan se merii zordaar ladaaii huii... matlab ham bahut lade।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मत लड़ो, मिठाई सबके लिए काफ़ी है। Don't fight, there's enough mithai for everyone.
(mat lado, mithaaii sabke lie kaafii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर वे इतना न लड़ते तो घर में इतना शांति होती। If they didn't fight so much, there would be so much peace in the house.
(agar ve itnaa n ladte to ghar men itnaa shaanti hotii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
मुझे डर है कि वे फिर से लड़ेंगे। I'm afraid they'll fight again.
(mujhe dar hai ki ve phir se ladenge।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
शायद वे इस बात पर लड़ें कि छुट्टियों में कहाँ जाएँ। They might fight over where to go on vacation.
(shaayad ve is baat par laden ki chhuttiyon men kahaan jaaen।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
पड़ोसियों के बीच यह झगड़ा कई सालों से लड़ा जा रहा है। This quarrel between the neighbors has been fought out for many years.
(padosiyon ke biich yah jhagdaa kaii saalon se ladaa jaa rahaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
पति-पत्नी अक्सर छोटी-छोटी बातों पर लड़ते-झगड़ते रहते हैं। Husband and wife often keep bickering over small things.
(pati-patnii aksar chhotii-chhotii baaton par ladte-jhagadte rahte hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम दोनों हर बार खाने की मेज़ पर ही लड़ोगे? Are you two going to fight at the dinner table every single time?
(kyaa tum donon har baar khaane kii mez par hii ladoge?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
बचपन में मैं और मेरा भाई इतना लड़ते थे कि माँ थक जाती थीं। As kids, my brother and I used to fight so much that our mother would get exhausted.
(bachpan men main aur meraa bhaaii itnaa ladte the ki maan thak jaatii thiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : to fight/struggle for a cause, to contest (an election, a case)
verb, intransitive The cause or goal is marked with के लिए (ke lie): वे अपने हक़ों के लिए लड़ रहे हैं (ve apne haqon ke lie lad rahe hain, 'they are fighting for their rights'). Also used with चुनाव (chunaav) as in चुनाव लड़ना (chunaav ladnaa, 'to contest an election').
Synonyms: संघर्ष करना (sangharsh karnaa, slightly more formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear चुनाव लड़ना (chunaav ladnaa) constantly during Indian election season on the news -- politicians 'fight' elections rather than 'run' for them, which reflects how contested and combative Indian electoral politics can feel.
Common Mistakes: 1) चुनाव लड़ना (chunaav ladnaa) literally means 'to fight an election' but is the standard, neutral way to say 'to contest/run in an election' -- there is nothing violent implied. 2) Still intransitive, so the ने-marking exception noted for the physical-fighting sense applies here too.
Sample Sentences:
वह इस बार लोकसभा चुनाव लड़ रहा है। He is contesting the Lok Sabha election this time.
(vah is baar lokasbhaa chunaav lad rahaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने पिछले साल यह मुकदमा अकेले लड़ा था। He fought this legal case alone last year.
(usne pichhle saal yah mukadmaa akele ladaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
हमें अपने अधिकारों के लिए लड़ना चाहिए। We should fight for our rights.
(hamen apne adhikaaron ke lie ladnaa chaahie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर मुझे मौका मिलता तो मैं भी चुनाव लड़ता। If I had gotten the chance, I would have contested the election too.
(agar mujhe maukaa miltaa to main bhii chunaav ladtaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
गरीबी के खिलाफ लड़ो, हार मत मानो। Fight against poverty, don't accept defeat.
(gariibii ke khilaaph lado, haar mat maano।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
यह सीट कांग्रेस और भाजपा के बीच लड़ी जाएगी। This seat will be contested between Congress and BJP.
(yah siit kaangres aur bhaajpaa ke biich ladii jaaegii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
वे दशकों से न्याय के लिए लड़ते आए हैं। They have been fighting for justice for decades.
(ve dashkon se nyaay ke lie ladte aae hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
शायद वह इस बार निर्दलीय उम्मीदवार के रूप में चुनाव लड़े। Perhaps he will contest the election this time as an independent candidate.
(shaayad vah is baar nirdliiy ummiidvaar ke roop men chunaav lade।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
स्वतंत्रता सेनानियों ने देश की आज़ादी के लिए लड़ाई लड़ी। The freedom fighters fought the battle for the country's independence.
(svatantrtaa senaaniyon ne desh kii aazaadii ke lie ladaaii ladii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कंपनी ने यह केस अदालत में कई सालों तक लड़ा। The company fought this case in court for several years.
(kampnii ne yah kes adaalat men kaii saalon tak ladaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम अगली बार पार्षद का चुनाव लड़ोगे? Will you contest the councilor election next time?
(kyaa tum aglii baar paarshad kaa chunaav ladoge?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Verb
infinitive: लड़ना (ladnaa)
infinitive oblique: लड़ने (ladne)
habitual/simple (sg.m): लड़ता (ladtaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m): लड़ते (ladte)
habitual/simple (sg.f): लड़ती (ladtii)
habitual/simple (pl.f): लड़तीं (ladtiin)
continuous (sg.m): लड़ रहा (lad rahaa)
continuous (pl.m): लड़ रहे (lad rahe)
continuous (sg.f): लड़ रही (lad rahii)
continuous (pl.f): लड़ रहीं (lad rahiin)
perfective (sg.m): लड़ा (ladaa)
perfective (pl.m): लड़े (lade)
perfective (sg.f): लड़ी (ladii)
perfective (pl.f): लड़ीं (ladiin)
imperative (informal): लड़ (lad)
imperative (neutral): लड़ो (lado)
imperative (formal): लड़िए (ladie)
future (1sg.m): लड़ूँगा (ladoongaa)
future (1sg.f): लड़ूँगी (ladoongii)
future (1pl.m): लड़ेंगे (ladenge)
future (1pl.f): लड़ेंगी (ladengii)
future (2sg.m): लड़ेगा (ladegaa)
future (2sg.f): लड़ेगी (ladegii)
future (2pl.m): लड़ोगे (ladoge)
future (2pl.f): लड़ोगी (ladogii)
future (3sg.m): लड़ेगा (ladegaa)
future (3sg.f): लड़ेगी (ladegii)
future (3pl.m): लड़ेंगे (ladenge)
future (3pl.f): लड़ेंगी (ladengii)
subjunctive (1sg): लड़ूँ (ladoon)
subjunctive (1pl): लड़ें (laden)
subjunctive (2sg): लड़े (lade)
subjunctive (2pl): लड़ो (lado)
subjunctive (3sg): लड़े (lade)
subjunctive (3pl): लड़ें (laden)