फूटना (phootnaa)
verb
A basic intransitive verb meaning 'to break/burst/crack', extended into several vivid figurative senses -- water or a spring bursting forth, a sound erupting, or emotion breaking loose.
Sense
1
:
to break, crack, shatter (of a brittle or hollow object)
verb, intransitive
Synonyms: टूटना (tootnaa), दरकना (daraknaa, more like 'to crack/split without full separation')
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Think of a glass बर्तन (bartan, 'vessel') slipping and फूट (phoot) जाना (jaanaa) -- shattering into pieces on the kitchen floor; the verb carries that sense of sudden, often noisy, splitting apart.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for टूटना (tootnaa) for everything that breaks, but फूटना (phootnaa) is specifically used for things that shatter or crack open from internal pressure or a blow, like glass, an egg, or a coconut -- नारियल फूटना (naariyal phootnaa, 'the coconut breaks/splits open') at a temple, for instance, sounds natural, while टूटना (tootnaa) there would sound odd.
Sample Sentences:
काँच का गिलास गिरकर फूट गया।
The glass tumbler fell and shattered.
(kaanch kaa gilaas girkar phoot gayaa।)
अगर तुमने यह प्लेट यूँ ही रखी, तो यह फूट जाएगी।
If you keep the plate like that, it will crack.
(agar tumne yah plet yoon hii rakhii, to yah phoot jaaegii।)
बच्चे के हाथ से मटका छूटकर फूट गया।
The clay pot slipped from the child's hand and shattered.
(bachche ke haath se matkaa chhootkar phoot gayaa।)
सर्दियों में पानी का पाइप जमकर फूट जाता है।
In winter, the water pipe freezes and cracks.
(sardiyon men paanii kaa paaip jamkar phoot jaataa hai।)
बर्तन को ध्यान से रखो, कहीं फूट न जाए।
Keep the vessel carefully, lest it break.
(bartan ko dhyaan se rakho, kahiin phoot n jaae।)
अंडा फूट गया और सारा सामान बिखर गया।
The egg cracked and everything spilled out.
(andaa phoot gayaa aur saaraa saamaan bikhar gayaa।)
गर्मी से फ्रिज में रखी बोतल फूट सकती है।
In the heat, a bottle kept in the fridge might crack.
(garmii se phrij men rakhii botal phoot saktii hai।)
यह शीशा इतना पतला है कि हल्की सी ठोकर से भी फूट जाता है।
This glass pane is so thin that it cracks even with a slight bump.
(yah shiishaa itnaa patlaa hai ki halkii sii thokar se bhii phoot jaataa hai।)
अगर वह मर्तबान ठीक से न रखा जाता, तो कब का फूट जाता।
If that jar hadn't been placed properly, it would have broken long ago.
(agar vah martbaan thiik se n rakhaa jaataa, to kab kaa phoot jaataa।)
देखो, गिलास मत गिराना, फूट जाएगा!
Watch out, don't drop the glass, it'll shatter!
(dekho, gilaas mat giraanaa, phoot jaaegaa!)
टक्कर लगने से गाड़ी की हेडलाइट फूट गई।
The car's headlight shattered from the collision.
(takkar lagne se gaadii kii hedlaait phoot gaii।)
Sense
2
:
to burst forth, gush out (of liquid, especially water)
verb, intransitive
Synonyms: बहना (bahnaa, more general 'to flow'), उमड़ना (umadnaa, to well up/surge)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You will hear this with पानी (paanii, 'water') or चश्मा (chashmaa, 'spring') -- ज़मीन से पानी फूट निकला (zamiin se paanii phoot niklaa, 'water gushed out from the ground'). It paints water as breaking through a surface with force, much like the literal 'crack open' sense but applied to liquid finding a way out.
Sample Sentences:
पहाड़ी की तलहटी से एक झरना फूटता है।
A spring gushes out from the foot of the hill.
(pahaadii kii talahtii se ek jharnaa phoottaa hai।)
ज़मीन खोदते ही अचानक पानी फूट निकला।
As soon as they dug the ground, water suddenly gushed out.
(zamiin khodte hii achaanak paanii phoot niklaa।)
देखो, चट्टान के नीचे से पानी फूट रहा है!
Look, water is gushing out from under the rock!
(dekho, chattaan ke niiche se paanii phoot rahaa hai!)
अगर पाइप में और दबाव होता तो पानी और तेज़ी से फूटता।
If there had been more pressure in the pipe, the water would have gushed out more forcefully.
(agar paaip men aur dabaav hotaa to paanii aur tezii se phoottaa।)
भूकंप के बाद कई जगहों पर ज़मीन से पानी फूट निकलेगा, ऐसा वैज्ञानिकों का अनुमान है।
Scientists estimate that after the earthquake, water will gush out from the ground in many places.
(bhookamp ke baad kaii jagahon par zamiin se paanii phoot niklegaa, aisaa vaigyaanikon kaa anumaan hai।)
हो सकता है इस चट्टान के नीचे से भी कोई चश्मा फूट पड़े।
It's possible that a spring might burst forth from under this rock too.
(ho saktaa hai is chattaan ke niiche se bhii koii chashmaa phoot pade।)
पुरानी टंकी से पानी फूट-फूट कर बह रहा था।
Water was gushing out again and again from the old tank and flowing away.
(puraanii tankii se paanii phoot-phoot kar bah rahaa thaa।)
यह माना जाता है कि इस पवित्र स्थल पर धरती से जल फूटा था।
It is believed that water burst forth from the earth at this sacred site.
(yah maanaa jaataa hai ki is pavitr sthal par dhartii se jal phootaa thaa।)
खनन के दौरान ज़मीन से अचानक तेल फूट निकला।
During the mining, oil suddenly gushed out from the ground.
(khanan ke dauraan zamiin se achaanak tel phoot niklaa।)
Sense
3
:
to erupt or break out suddenly (of sound, emotion, or a large-scale event)
verb, intransitive Used with abstract nouns like हँसी (hansii, 'laughter'), रुलाई (rulaaii, 'crying fit'), दंगा (dangaa, 'riot'), or महामारी (mahaamaarii, 'epidemic') as the subject: हँसी फूट पड़ी (hansii phoot padii, 'laughter burst out').
Synonyms: फैलना (phailnaa, to spread, used for riots/epidemics), भड़कना (bhadaknaa, to flare up)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the sense behind news headlines like दंगा फूट पड़ा (dangaa phoot padaa, 'a riot broke out') or महामारी फूट पड़ी (mahaamaarii phoot padii, 'an epidemic broke out') -- Hindi frames sudden collective events as something that 'cracks open' and spills out, much like the emotional sense of a person's tears or laughter breaking loose.
Common Mistakes: 1) This sense very often pairs with the compound verb पड़ना (padnaa) to add suddenness -- फूट पड़ना (phoot padnaa) -- so learners should get used to seeing फूटना (phootnaa) rarely standing alone in this figurative sense in natural speech.
Sample Sentences:
शहर में अचानक दंगा फूट पड़ा।
A riot suddenly broke out in the city.
(shahar men achaanak dangaa phoot padaa।)
अगर हालात नहीं सुधरे तो जल्दी ही हिंसा फूट पड़ेगी।
If the situation doesn't improve, violence will erupt soon.
(agar haalaat nahiin sudhre to jaldii hii hinsaa phoot padegii।)
पिछली सदी में यहाँ कई बार महामारियाँ फूट पड़ती थीं।
In the last century, epidemics used to break out here many times.
(pichhlii sadii men yahaan kaii baar mahaamaariyaan phoot padtii thiin।)
खबर है कि सीमा पर फिर से जंग फूट सकती है।
There is news that war might break out again at the border.
(khabar hai ki siimaa par phir se jang phoot saktii hai।)
अगर सरकार समय पर कदम उठाती तो यह अशांति नहीं फूटती।
If the government had acted in time, this unrest would not have erupted.
(agar sarkaar samay par kadam uthaatii to yah ashaanti nahiin phoottii।)
आज सुबह इलाके में हैजा फूट पड़ा है।
Cholera has broken out in the area this morning.
(aaj subah ilaake men haijaa phoot padaa hai।)
जब भी नई नीति लागू होती है, विरोध फूट पड़ता है।
Whenever a new policy is implemented, protest breaks out.
(jab bhii naii niiti laagoo hotii hai, virodh phoot padtaa hai।)
इतिहासकारों के अनुसार वह क्रांति एक रात में फूट पड़ी थी।
According to historians, that revolution erupted overnight.
(itihaaskaaron ke anusaar vah kraanti ek raat men phoot padii thii।)
प्रशासन को डर है कि भूख से त्रस्त लोगों में विद्रोह फूट सकता है।
The administration fears that rebellion might erupt among the famine-stricken people.
(prashaasan ko dar hai ki bhookh se trast logon men vidroh phoot saktaa hai।)
उस बस्ती में झगड़े यूँ ही अचानक फूट पड़ते हैं।
In that neighborhood, quarrels just erupt out of nowhere.
(us bastii men jhagde yoon hii achaanak phoot padte hain।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
फूटना
(phootnaa)
infinitive oblique:
फूटने
(phootne)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
फूटता
(phoottaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
फूटते
(phootte)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
फूटती
(phoottii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
फूटतीं
(phoottiin)
continuous (sg.m):
फूट रहा
(phoot rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
फूट रहे
(phoot rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
फूट रही
(phoot rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
फूट रहीं
(phoot rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
फूटा
(phootaa)
perfective (pl.m):
फूटे
(phoote)
perfective (sg.f):
फूटी
(phootii)
perfective (pl.f):
फूटीं
(phootiin)
imperative (informal):
फूट
(phoot)
imperative (neutral):
फूटो
(phooto)
imperative (formal):
फूटिए
(phootie)
future (1sg.m):
फूटूँगा
(phootoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
फूटूँगी
(phootoongii)
future (1pl.m):
फूटेंगे
(phootenge)
future (1pl.f):
फूटेंगी
(phootengii)
future (2sg.m):
फूटेगा
(phootegaa)
future (2sg.f):
फूटेगी
(phootegii)
future (2pl.m):
फूटोगे
(phootoge)
future (2pl.f):
फूटोगी
(phootogii)
future (3sg.m):
फूटेगा
(phootegaa)
future (3sg.f):
फूटेगी
(phootegii)
future (3pl.m):
फूटेंगे
(phootenge)
future (3pl.f):
फूटेंगी
(phootengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
फूटूँ
(phootoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
फूटें
(phooten)
subjunctive (2sg):
फूटे
(phoote)
subjunctive (2pl):
फूटो
(phooto)
subjunctive (3sg):
फूटे
(phoote)
subjunctive (3pl):
फूटें
(phooten)