पास करना (paas karnaa)
verb
A compound verb built from पास (paas, 'near/pass') plus करना (karnaa); its two everyday senses are 'to pass' (an exam, a bill) and, more colloquially, 'to pass/hand over' something to someone.
Sense
1
:
to pass (an exam, test, bill, proposal)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: उत्तीर्ण होना (uttiirn honaa, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: In everyday talk about school and college, both पास करना (paas karnaa) and पास होना (paas honaa) are used constantly, and Delhi students switch between them depending on whether they want to foreground their own effort ('main ne pass kiya') or the outcome ('main pass ho gaya'). The same verb extends naturally to formal contexts like a bill or resolution being passed in a legislature or committee.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes say परीक्षा पास होना (pariikshaa paas honaa) instead of परीक्षा पास करना (pariikshaa paas karnaa) -- the exam is the object you 'pass' (transitive, with करना (karnaa)), not something that happens to you; the intransitive पास होना (paas honaa, 'to be/get passed') is a distinct, equally common construction where the exam itself is the subject, e.g. मैं पास हो गया (main paas ho gayaa, 'I passed/got through'). 2) With ने-marking in the past, remember करना (karnaa) is transitive, so मैंने परीक्षा पास की (mainne pariikshaa paas kii, 'I passed the exam') takes ने (ne) and agrees with परीक्षा (pariikshaa), not with मैं (main).
Sample Sentences:
मैंने इस बार गणित का पेपर पास कर लिया।
I passed the math paper this time.
(mainne is baar ganit kaa pepar paas kar liyaa।)
वह हर साल बिना पढ़े ही परीक्षा पास कर जाता है।
He passes the exam every year without even studying.
(vah har saal binaa padhe hii pariikshaa paas kar jaataa hai।)
अगर तुम मन लगाकर पढ़ोगे तो बोर्ड एग्ज़ाम आसानी से पास कर लोगे।
If you study with focus, you'll pass the board exam easily.
(agar tum man lagaakar padhoge to bord egzaam aasaanii se paas kar loge।)
संसद ने कल रात नया बिल पास कर दिया।
Parliament passed the new bill last night.
(sansad ne kal raat nayaa bil paas kar diyaa।)
समिति ने प्रस्ताव को बहुमत से पास कर दिया है।
The committee has passed the proposal by majority.
(samiti ne prastaav ko bahumat se paas kar diyaa hai।)
यह बिल संसद द्वारा पास किया गया।
This bill was passed by the parliament.
(yah bil sansad dvaaraa paas kiyaa gayaa।)
पहले मेहनत करो, फिर पेपर पास करना।
Work hard first, then pass the paper.
(pahle mehnat karo, phir pepar paas karnaa।)
काश मैं दसवीं की परीक्षा एक बार में पास कर लेता।
I wish I had passed the tenth-grade exam in one attempt.
(kaash main dasviin kii pariikshaa ek baar men paas kar letaa।)
अगर वह ज़्यादा पढ़ता तो पिछली बार ही परीक्षा पास कर लेता।
If he had studied more, he would have passed the exam last time itself.
(agar vah zyaadaa padhtaa to pichhlii baar hii pariikshaa paas kar letaa।)
शायद वह इस बार इंटरव्यू पास कर ले।
Maybe he'll pass the interview this time.
(shaayad vah is baar intravyoo paas kar le।)
सदन में यह प्रस्ताव ध्वनिमत से पास किया जाता है।
This resolution is passed by voice vote in the house.
(sadan men yah prastaav dhvanimat se paas kiyaa jaataa hai।)
Sense
2
:
to pass/hand something to someone
verb, transitive Used with the recipient marked by को (ko): नमक मुझे पास करो (namak mujhe paas karo, 'pass me the salt') -- though many speakers prefer बढ़ाना (badhaanaa) or देना (denaa) here, and पास करना (paas karnaa) in this sense feels slightly influenced by English 'pass'.
Synonyms: देना (denaa), बढ़ाना (badhaanaa, hand over/pass, colloquial in this sense)
Frequency: low
Cultural Note: You'll hear this at a dinner table when someone wants the water jug or bread passed down, especially among younger, more English-exposed speakers in Delhi-NCR; older or more traditional speakers usually reach for बढ़ाना (badhaanaa) instead.
Common Mistakes: 1) This sense is less universally used than the exam sense; some native speakers find नमक पास करो (namak paas karo) a bit odd or English-influenced and would default to नमक बढ़ाओ (namak badhaao) or नमक दो (namak do) instead -- learners should recognize it but lean on बढ़ाना (badhaanaa)/देना (denaa) for natural speech.
Sample Sentences:
ज़रा नमक पास करना, प्लीज़।
Please pass the salt.
(zaraa namak paas karnaa, pliiz।)
क्या तुम मुझे पानी की बोतल पास कर सकते हो?
Can you pass me the water bottle?
(kyaa tum mujhe paanii kii botal paas kar sakte ho?)
उसने मुझे रोटी की प्लेट पास कर दी।
She passed me the plate of rotis.
(usne mujhe rotii kii plet paas kar dii।)
डिनर पर सब एक-दूसरे को चीज़ें पास करते रहते हैं।
At dinner everyone keeps passing things to each other.
(dinar par sab ek-doosre ko chiizen paas karte rahte hain।)
मैं तुम्हें केचप पास कर रहा हूँ, ले लो।
I'm passing you the ketchup, take it.
(main tumhen kechap paas kar rahaa hoon, le lo।)
थोड़ी सब्ज़ी इधर पास कर दो न।
Pass some of the vegetables over here, will you?
(thodii sabzii idhar paas kar do n।)
अगर वह ग्लास पास कर देता, तो मुझे उठना नहीं पड़ता।
If he had passed the glass, I wouldn't have had to get up.
(agar vah glaas paas kar detaa, to mujhe uthnaa nahiin padtaa।)
मैंने उसे चम्मच पास करने के लिए कहा।
I asked him to pass the spoon.
(mainne use chammach paas karne ke lie kahaa।)
Morphology
Verb (irregular)
infinitive:
पास करना
(paas karnaa)
infinitive oblique:
पास करने
(paas karne)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
पास करता
(paas kartaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
पास करते
(paas karte)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
पास करती
(paas kartii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
पास करतीं
(paas kartiin)
continuous (sg.m):
पास कर रहा
(paas kar rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
पास कर रहे
(paas kar rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
पास कर रही
(paas kar rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
पास कर रहीं
(paas kar rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
पास किया
(paas kiyaa)
perfective (pl.m):
पास किए
(paas kie)
perfective (sg.f):
पास की
(paas kii)
perfective (pl.f):
पास कीं
(paas kiin)
imperative (informal):
पास कर
(paas kar)
imperative (neutral):
पास करो
(paas karo)
imperative (formal):
पास कीजिए
(paas kiijie)
future (1sg.m):
पास करूँगा
(paas karoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
पास करूँगी
(paas karoongii)
future (1pl.m):
पास करेंगे
(paas karenge)
future (1pl.f):
पास करेंगी
(paas karengii)
future (2sg.m):
पास करेगा
(paas karegaa)
future (2sg.f):
पास करेगी
(paas karegii)
future (2pl.m):
पास करोगे
(paas karoge)
future (2pl.f):
पास करोगी
(paas karogii)
future (3sg.m):
पास करेगा
(paas karegaa)
future (3sg.f):
पास करेगी
(paas karegii)
future (3pl.m):
पास करेंगे
(paas karenge)
future (3pl.f):
पास करेंगी
(paas karengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
पास करूँ
(paas karoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
पास करें
(paas karen)
subjunctive (2sg):
पास करे
(paas kare)
subjunctive (2pl):
पास करो
(paas karo)
subjunctive (3sg):
पास करे
(paas kare)
subjunctive (3pl):
पास करें
(paas karen)