पेश करना (pesh karnaa)

verb A compound verb built on the Persian loan पेश (pesh, 'forward/before') plus करना (karnaa); it covers presenting or putting something forward -- documents, proposals, food/drink, arguments, and even oneself (appearing before authority).
Sense 1 : to present, submit (a document, proposal, case, argument)
verb, transitive Common in formal and bureaucratic registers: अदालत में पेश करना (adaalat men pesh karnaa, 'to present before the court'), प्रस्ताव पेश करना (prastaav pesh karnaa, 'to submit a proposal').
Synonyms: प्रस्तुत करना (prastut karnaa, formal), रखना (rakhnaa, used for putting forward an idea/point)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this constantly around courts, offices, and news reports: सबूत पेश करना (saboot pesh karnaa, 'to present evidence'), रिपोर्ट पेश करना (riport pesh karnaa, 'to submit a report'). It carries a slightly official, procedural flavor -- the sense of formally laying something before someone with authority.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for प्रस्तुत करना (prastut karnaa) by default, but पेश करना (pesh karnaa) is the far more common everyday choice for submitting papers, bills, or arguments -- प्रस्तुत करना (prastut karnaa) sounds noticeably more formal/written. 2) The thing being presented takes no special postposition marking beyond the normal object marking; learners sometimes try to add को (ko) to the document/proposal itself when it is not needed.
Sample Sentences:
वकील ने अदालत में नए सबूत पेश किए। The lawyer presented new evidence in the court.
(vakiil ne adaalat men nae saboot pesh kie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कृपया अपनी रिपोर्ट कल तक पेश करें। Please submit your report by tomorrow.
(kripyaa apnii riport kal tak pesh karen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
कंपनी हर साल अपना बजट पेश करती है। The company presents its budget every year.
(kampnii har saal apnaa bajat pesh kartii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम अपना आवेदन समय पर पेश करते, तो नौकरी मिल जाती। If you had submitted your application on time, you would have gotten the job.
(agar tum apnaa aavedan samay par pesh karte, to naukrii mil jaatii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
मंत्री संसद में नया बिल पेश करने वाले हैं। The minister is about to present a new bill in parliament.
(mantrii sansad men nayaa bil pesh karne vaale hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
जब तक सारे दस्तावेज़ पेश नहीं किए जाते, फ़ैसला नहीं होगा। Until all the documents are submitted, the verdict will not come.
(jab tak saare dastaavez pesh nahiin kie jaate, faislaa nahiin hogaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
पुलिस ने अपनी चार्जशीट अदालत में पेश कर दी। The police submitted their charge sheet in court.
(pulis ne apnii chaarjshiit adaalat men pesh kar dii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
समिति ने सुझाव दिया कि हर विभाग अपनी योजना पेश करे। The committee suggested that every department submit its plan.
(samiti ne sujhaav diyaa ki har vibhaag apnii yojnaa pesh kare।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
अगली सुनवाई में गवाह अपना बयान पेश करेगा। In the next hearing, the witness will present his statement.
(aglii sunvaaii men gavaah apnaa bayaan pesh karegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
टीम ने महीनों की मेहनत के बाद अपनी योजना बोर्ड के सामने पेश की। After months of hard work, the team presented its plan before the board.
(tiim ne mahiinon kii mehnat ke baad apnii yojnaa bord ke saamne pesh kii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
उसने अपनी दलील इतनी सफ़ाई से पेश की कि जज भी प्रभावित हो गए। He presented his argument so clearly that even the judge was impressed.
(usne apnii daliil itnii safaaii se pesh kii ki jaj bhii prabhaavit ho gae।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : to serve, offer (food, drink, hospitality)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: परोसना (parosnaa, specifically for serving food onto a plate), देना (denaa)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You will see this on restaurant menus and hear it from waitstaff: चाय पेश करना (chaay pesh karnaa, 'to serve tea'). It has a touch of graciousness to it, the way a host formally offers something to a guest, echoing the broader hospitality culture around मेहमान (mehmaan, 'guest').
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes treat पेश करना (pesh karnaa) and परोसना (parosnaa) as fully interchangeable, but परोसना (parosnaa) is specifically about serving food/dishing it out, while पेश करना (pesh karnaa) is broader and slightly more formal -- used for offering drinks, snacks, or hospitality in general, including in hotels and restaurants.
Sample Sentences:
वेटर ने मेज़ पर चाय पेश की। The waiter served tea at the table.
(vetar ne mez par chaay pesh kii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
हम मेहमानों को हमेशा पहले पानी पेश करते हैं। We always offer water to guests first.
(ham mehmaanon ko hameshaa pahle paanii pesh karte hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कृपया मेहमानों को नाश्ता पेश करें। Please serve breakfast to the guests.
(kripyaa mehmaanon ko naashtaa pesh karen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
रसोइया अभी सूप पेश कर रहा है। The cook is serving the soup right now.
(rasoiyaa abhii soop pesh kar rahaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर वह घर पर होती, तो वह हमें मिठाई पेश करती। If she had been home, she would have offered us sweets.
(agar vah ghar par hotii, to vah hamen mithaaii pesh kartii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
शादी में सबको बढ़िया खाना पेश किया गया। Excellent food was served to everyone at the wedding.
(shaadii men sabko badhiyaa khaanaa pesh kiyaa gayaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
क्या मैं आपको एक कप कॉफ़ी पेश करूँ? May I offer you a cup of coffee?
(kyaa main aapko ek kap kofii pesh karoon?)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
मेज़बान ने बड़े प्यार से हर व्यंजन पेश किया। The host offered every dish with great affection.
(mezbaan ne bade pyaar se har vyanjan pesh kiyaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
इस रेस्टोरेंट में शाम को गरमा-गरम पकौड़े पेश किए जाते हैं। Hot pakoras are served at this restaurant in the evening.
(is restorent men shaam ko garmaa-garam pakaude pesh kie jaate hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
जब तक मेहमान बैठे नहीं, तब तक कुछ भी पेश मत करो। Don't serve anything until the guests are seated.
(jab tak mehmaan baithe nahiin, tab tak kuchh bhii pesh mat karo।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : to perform, present (a show, song, skill) before an audience
verb, transitive
Synonyms: प्रदर्शन करना (pradarshan karnaa, formal), दिखाना (dikhaanaa)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Heard often around music, dance, and stage contexts: गाना पेश करना (gaanaa pesh karnaa, 'to present/perform a song'), हुनर पेश करना (hunar pesh karnaa, 'to showcase one's talent'). It carries the flavor of a formal presentation to an audience, not a casual practice run.
Sample Sentences:
आज वह मंच पर अपना नया गाना पेश करेगी। Today she will perform her new song on stage.
(aaj vah manch par apnaa nayaa gaanaa pesh karegii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
कलाकारों ने अपना हुनर बड़े आत्मविश्वास से पेश किया। The performers showcased their talent with great confidence.
(kalaakaaron ne apnaa hunar bade aatmvishvaas se pesh kiyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
वह हर समारोह में कोई न कोई नृत्य पेश करती है। She performs some dance or the other at every event.
(vah har samaaroh men koii n koii nrity pesh kartii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कृपया अपनी प्रस्तुति दर्शकों के सामने पेश करें। Please present your performance in front of the audience.
(kripyaa apnii prastuti darshkon ke saamne pesh karen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
जब गायक ने अपनी आवाज़ पेश की, तो पूरा हॉल तालियों से गूँज उठा। When the singer showcased his voice, the whole hall erupted with applause.
(jab gaayak ne apnii aavaaz pesh kii, to pooraa hol taaliyon se goonj uthaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर उसे मौका मिलता, तो वह अपनी शायरी भी पेश करता। If he had gotten the chance, he would have performed his poetry too.
(agar use maukaa miltaa, to vah apnii shaayrii bhii pesh kartaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
इस कार्यक्रम में शास्त्रीय संगीत पेश किया जाएगा। Classical music will be performed at this event.
(is kaaryakram men shaastriiy sangiit pesh kiyaa jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
बच्चे स्कूल के वार्षिकोत्सव में अपनी कला पेश करने की तैयारी कर रहे हैं। The children are preparing to showcase their art at the school's annual function.
(bachche skool ke vaarshikotsav men apnii kalaa pesh karne kii taiyaarii kar rahe hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश वह अपना गाना बिना घबराए पेश कर पाती। I wish she could have performed her song without getting nervous.
(kaash vah apnaa gaanaa binaa ghabraae pesh kar paatii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
मुमकिन है कि वह अगले शो में अपना जादू का हुनर पेश करे। It's possible that he'll showcase his magic skills in the next show.
(mumkin hai ki vah agle sho men apnaa jaadoo kaa hunar pesh kare।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
Sense 4 : to appear, present oneself (before an authority, e.g. in court)
verb, transitive Used reflexively/intransitively in sense as खुद को पेश करना (khud ko pesh karnaa, 'to present oneself') or simply पेश होना (pesh honaa) for the passive/intransitive counterpart; पेश करना (pesh karnaa) itself in this sense usually takes an agent doing the presenting (e.g. a lawyer presenting the accused).
Synonyms: हाज़िर होना (haazir honaa, often paired in the same legal contexts)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is classic courtroom and police-station vocabulary: मुल्ज़िम को अदालत में पेश करना (mulzim ko adaalat men pesh karnaa, 'to produce the accused before the court'), a phrase familiar to anyone who has watched Hindi news coverage of a court case.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes confuse this with पेश होना (pesh honaa, 'to appear/be presented') -- पेश करना (pesh karnaa) needs someone doing the presenting, while पेश होना (pesh honaa) is what the person or thing being presented undergoes.
Sample Sentences:
पुलिस ने मुल्ज़िम को अदालत में पेश किया। The police produced the accused before the court.
(pulis ne mulzim ko adaalat men pesh kiyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मुल्ज़िम को कल सुबह अदालत में पेश किया जाएगा। The accused will be produced before the court tomorrow morning.
(mulzim ko kal subah adaalat men pesh kiyaa jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
उसे थाने में पेश होना पड़ा। He had to appear at the police station.
(use thaane men pesh honaa padaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर समन आए, तो तुम्हें अदालत में पेश होना होगा। If a summons comes, you will have to appear before the court.
(agar saman aae, to tumhen adaalat men pesh honaa hogaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
गवाह हर तारीख़ पर अदालत में पेश होता है। The witness appears in court on every hearing date.
(gavaah har taariikh par adaalat men pesh hotaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह अभी जज के सामने पेश हो रहा है। He is appearing before the judge right now.
(vah abhii jaj ke saamne pesh ho rahaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कृपया कल सुबह दस बजे अदालत में पेश हों। Please appear in court tomorrow at ten in the morning.
(kripyaa kal subah das baje adaalat men pesh hon।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर वह पेश होता, तो मामला पहले ही सुलझ जाता। If he had appeared, the matter would have been resolved already.
(agar vah pesh hotaa, to maamlaa pahle hii sulajh jaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
वकील ने कहा कि उसका मुल्ज़िम अगली तारीख़ पर ज़रूर पेश होगा। The lawyer said that his client would definitely appear on the next date.
(vakiil ne kahaa ki uskaa mulzim aglii taariikh par zaroor pesh hogaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
पेशी के दिन वह कोर्ट में पेश नहीं हुआ। On the day of the hearing, he did not appear in court.
(peshii ke din vah kort men pesh nahiin huaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Verb (irregular)
infinitive: पेश करना (pesh karnaa)
infinitive oblique: पेश करने (pesh karne)
habitual/simple (sg.m): पेश करता (pesh kartaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m): पेश करते (pesh karte)
habitual/simple (sg.f): पेश करती (pesh kartii)
habitual/simple (pl.f): पेश करतीं (pesh kartiin)
continuous (sg.m): पेश कर रहा (pesh kar rahaa)
continuous (pl.m): पेश कर रहे (pesh kar rahe)
continuous (sg.f): पेश कर रही (pesh kar rahii)
continuous (pl.f): पेश कर रहीं (pesh kar rahiin)
perfective (sg.m): पेश किया (pesh kiyaa)
perfective (pl.m): पेश किए (pesh kie)
perfective (sg.f): पेश की (pesh kii)
perfective (pl.f): पेश कीं (pesh kiin)
imperative (informal): पेश कर (pesh kar)
imperative (neutral): पेश करो (pesh karo)
imperative (formal): पेश कीजिए (pesh kiijie)
future (1sg.m): पेश करूँगा (pesh karoongaa)
future (1sg.f): पेश करूँगी (pesh karoongii)
future (1pl.m): पेश करेंगे (pesh karenge)
future (1pl.f): पेश करेंगी (pesh karengii)
future (2sg.m): पेश करेगा (pesh karegaa)
future (2sg.f): पेश करेगी (pesh karegii)
future (2pl.m): पेश करोगे (pesh karoge)
future (2pl.f): पेश करोगी (pesh karogii)
future (3sg.m): पेश करेगा (pesh karegaa)
future (3sg.f): पेश करेगी (pesh karegii)
future (3pl.m): पेश करेंगे (pesh karenge)
future (3pl.f): पेश करेंगी (pesh karengii)
subjunctive (1sg): पेश करूँ (pesh karoon)
subjunctive (1pl): पेश करें (pesh karen)
subjunctive (2sg): पेश करे (pesh kare)
subjunctive (2pl): पेश करो (pesh karo)
subjunctive (3sg): पेश करे (pesh kare)
subjunctive (3pl): पेश करें (pesh karen)