सजाना (sajaanaa)

verb A transitive verb meaning to decorate or arrange something attractively; it also has an extended sense of arranging/laying out items in order (like a shop display or a table).
Sense 1 : to decorate, adorn
verb, transitive
Synonyms: श्रृंगार करना (shrringaar karnaa, mainly for a person's appearance), संवारना (sanvaarnaa)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Think of Diwali: घर सजाना (ghar sajaanaa, 'to decorate the house') with दिये (diye, 'lamps'), rangoli, and lights is one of the most common uses of this verb every household learner will hear around festival season. It pairs naturally with दुल्हन सजाना (dulhan sajaanaa, 'to adorn the bride') for weddings too.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes confuse सजाना (sajaanaa) with सजना (sajnaa) -- सजना (sajnaa) is intransitive ('to get decorated/dressed up'), while सजाना (sajaanaa) is the transitive causative ('to decorate something/someone'). 2) With ने (ne) in the perfective, remember the object still takes agreement, e.g. उसने कमरा सजाया (usne kamraa sajaayaa, 'she decorated the room') vs. उसने साड़ी सजायी (usne saadii sajaayii, 'she decorated the sari') -- the verb agrees with कमरा/साड़ी, not उसने.
Sample Sentences:
दिवाली पर हम पूरा घर सजाते हैं। On Diwali, we decorate the whole house.
(divaalii par ham pooraa ghar sajaate hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माँ दिये और फूलों से घर सजा रही है। Mom is decorating the house with lamps and flowers.
(maan diye aur phoolon se ghar sajaa rahii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने अपने कमरे को गुब्बारों से सजाया। She decorated her room with balloons.
(usne apne kamre ko gubbaaron se sajaayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
शादी में दुल्हन को बहुत सुंदर ढंग से सजाया गया था। The bride was decorated very beautifully at the wedding.
(shaadii men dulhan ko bahut sundar dhang se sajaayaa gayaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
अगर मेहमान आएँगे तो हमें बालकनी भी सजानी होगी। If guests come, we'll have to decorate the balcony too.
(agar mehmaan aaenge to hamen baalaknii bhii sajaanii hogii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
क्रिसमस पर घर को इस तरह सजाओ कि हर कोई देखता रह जाए। Decorate the house for Christmas in such a way that everyone keeps staring.
(krismas par ghar ko is tarah sajaao ki har koii dekhtaa rah jaae।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
काश हमारे पास इतना समय होता कि हम पूरा हॉल फूलों से सजा पाते। If only we had enough time, we could have decorated the whole hall with flowers.
(kaash hamaare paas itnaa samay hotaa ki ham pooraa hol phoolon se sajaa paate।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
इस बार त्योहार पर घर को लाइटों से सजाया जाएगा। This time, the house will be decorated with lights for the festival.
(is baar tyohaar par ghar ko laaiton se sajaayaa jaaegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
दुल्हन को सजाने में तीन घंटे लग गए। It took three hours to adorn the bride.
(dulhan ko sajaane men tiin ghante lag gae।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या आप चाहेंगे कि हम मंडप को गेंदे के फूलों से सजाएँ? Would you like us to decorate the wedding canopy with marigolds?
(kyaa aap chaahenge ki ham mandap ko gende ke phoolon se sajaaen?)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
बचपन में हम स्कूल के फंक्शन के लिए स्टेज सजाते थे। As kids, we used to decorate the stage for school functions.
(bachpan men ham skool ke phankshan ke lie stej sajaate the।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : to arrange, lay out (items, a display)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: व्यवस्थित करना (vyavasthit karnaa, more formal/technical), लगाना (lagaanaa, meaning scope: general 'to set/put' overlaps only partly)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Walk through any Delhi bazaar before a festival and you will hear shopkeepers talk about dukaan sajaana (dukaan sajaanaa) -- lovingly arranging sweets, clothes, or diyas in the window to attract customers. The same verb captures both the aesthetic and the practical sense of 'making something look inviting through arrangement.'
Common Mistakes: 1) This sense extends 'decorate' to any pleasing arrangement of objects -- दुकान सजाना (dukaan sajaanaa, 'to arrange/set up a shop display') or थाली सजाना (thaalii sajaanaa, 'to arrange a plate of food') -- learners often default only to the 'decorate' meaning and miss this everyday retail/domestic use.
Sample Sentences:
दुकानदार ने त्योहार से पहले दुकान सजाई। The shopkeeper arranged the shop before the festival.
(dukaandaar ne tyohaar se pahle dukaan sajaaii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
वह हर सुबह मिठाई की दुकान में मिठाइयाँ सजाता है। He arranges the sweets in the sweet shop every morning.
(vah har subah mithaaii kii dukaan men mithaaiyaan sajaataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माँ रसोई की मेज पर खाना सजा रही है। Mom is arranging the food on the kitchen table.
(maan rasoii kii mej par khaanaa sajaa rahii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
किताबों को शेल्फ़ पर करीने से सजाओ। Arrange the books neatly on the shelf.
(kitaabon ko shelf par kariine se sajaao।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर मुझे समय मिलता तो मैं स्टॉल भी सुंदर तरीके से सजाता। If I had gotten time, I would have arranged the stall beautifully too.
(agar mujhe samay miltaa to main stol bhii sundar tariike se sajaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
दीवाली के लिए सारा सामान मेज़ पर सजा दिया गया। All the goods were arranged on the table for Diwali.
(diivaalii ke lie saaraa saamaan mez par sajaa diyaa gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
काश वह अपने कमरे की किताबें भी इतने ध्यान से सजाए। I wish he would arrange the books in his room with this much care too.
(kaash vah apne kamre kii kitaaben bhii itne dhyaan se sajaae।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
प्रदर्शनी के लिए कलाकार ने अपनी पेंटिंग्स दीवार पर सजाई थीं। The artist had arranged his paintings on the wall for the exhibition.
(pradarshnii ke lie kalaakaar ne apnii pentings diivaar par sajaaii thiin।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगली बार हम स्टॉल ऐसे सजाएँगे कि सब देखते रह जाएँ। Next time we will arrange the stall in such a way that everyone stops to stare.
(aglii baar ham stol aise sajaaenge ki sab dekhte rah jaaen।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
सेल्समैन विंडो सजाने में बहुत माहिर है। The salesman is very skilled at arranging the window display.
(selsmain vindo sajaane men bahut maahir hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Verb
infinitive: सजाना (sajaanaa)
infinitive oblique: सजाने (sajaane)
habitual/simple (sg.m): सजाता (sajaataa)
habitual/simple (pl.m): सजाते (sajaate)
habitual/simple (sg.f): सजाती (sajaatii)
habitual/simple (pl.f): सजातीं (sajaatiin)
continuous (sg.m): सजा रहा (sajaa rahaa)
continuous (pl.m): सजा रहे (sajaa rahe)
continuous (sg.f): सजा रही (sajaa rahii)
continuous (pl.f): सजा रहीं (sajaa rahiin)
perfective (sg.m): सजाया (sajaayaa)
perfective (pl.m): सजाए (sajaae)
perfective (sg.f): सजाई (sajaaii)
perfective (pl.f): सजाईं (sajaaiin)
imperative (informal): सजा (sajaa)
imperative (neutral): सजाओ (sajaao)
imperative (formal): सजाइए (sajaaie)
future (1sg.m): सजाऊँगा (sajaaoongaa)
future (1sg.f): सजाऊँगी (sajaaoongii)
future (1pl.m): सजाएँगे (sajaaenge)
future (1pl.f): सजाएँगी (sajaaengii)
future (2sg.m): सजाएगा (sajaaegaa)
future (2sg.f): सजाएगी (sajaaegii)
future (2pl.m): सजाओगे (sajaaoge)
future (2pl.f): सजाओगी (sajaaogii)
future (3sg.m): सजाएगा (sajaaegaa)
future (3sg.f): सजाएगी (sajaaegii)
future (3pl.m): सजाएँगे (sajaaenge)
future (3pl.f): सजाएँगी (sajaaengii)
subjunctive (1sg): सजाऊँ (sajaaoon)
subjunctive (1pl): सजाएँ (sajaaen)
subjunctive (2sg): सजाए (sajaae)
subjunctive (2pl): सजाओ (sajaao)
subjunctive (3sg): सजाए (sajaae)
subjunctive (3pl): सजाएँ (sajaaen)