हिलाना (hilaanaa)
verb
The causative of हिलना (hilnaa, 'to shake/move'), meaning 'to shake, wave, or stir something.' Covers both physical shaking (a hand, a bottle) and figuratively unsettling something.
Sense
1
:
to shake, wave, wiggle (a body part or object)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: हिलाना-डुलाना (hilaanaa-dulaanaa, emphatic repetition, 'to shake about')
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: सिर हिलाना (sir hilaanaa) is a great one to watch for: a side-to-side head wobble in India can mean agreement, not disagreement, so the verb alone doesn't tell you the meaning -- context and the accompanying gesture do.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes use हिलना (hilnaa) when they mean to shake *something* -- हिलना (hilnaa) is intransitive ('to shake/tremble' by itself), while हिलाना (hilaanaa) needs an object: हाथ हिलाना (haath hilaanaa, 'to wave a hand'). 2) पूँछ हिलाना (poonchh hilaanaa, 'to wag a tail') and सिर हिलाना (sir hilaanaa, 'to nod/shake the head') are the two most common collocations -- learn them as set phrases rather than building them from scratch.
Sample Sentences:
वह अपनी पूँछ हिला रहा है।
He is wagging his tail.
(vah apnii poonchh hilaa rahaa hai।)
बच्चे ने हाथ हिलाकर सबको बाय बोला।
The child waved his hand and said bye to everyone.
(bachche ne haath hilaakar sabko baay bolaa।)
उसने सिर हिलाकर हामी भर दी।
He nodded his head in agreement.
(usne sir hilaakar haamii bhar dii।)
पेड़ की टहनी को हिलाओ मत, चिड़िया डर जाएगी।
Don't shake the tree branch, the bird will get scared.
(ped kii tahnii ko hilaao mat, chidiyaa dar jaaegii।)
मैं रोज़ सुबह अपनी उँगलियाँ हिलाकर व्यायाम करता हूँ।
I exercise every morning by wiggling my fingers.
(main roz subah apnii ungliyaan hilaakar vyaayaam kartaa hoon।)
अगर वह अपनी टांग हिलाता तो शायद खून का दौरा ठीक रहता।
If he had shaken his leg, his blood circulation might have been better.
(agar vah apnii taang hilaataa to shaayad khoon kaa dauraa thiik rahtaa।)
तेज़ हवा से खिड़की का पर्दा हिल रहा था।
The window curtain was swaying because of the strong wind.
(tez havaa se khidkii kaa pardaa hil rahaa thaa।)
डॉक्टर ने कहा कि मरीज़ को हल्के-हल्के अपने पैर हिलाने चाहिए।
The doctor said the patient should gently wiggle his feet.
(doktar ne kahaa ki mariiz ko halke-halke apne pair hilaane chaahie।)
मेज़ को इतना मत हिलाओ, गिलास गिर जाएगा।
Don't shake the table so much, the glass will fall.
(mez ko itnaa mat hilaao, gilaas gir jaaegaa।)
पत्ते हवा में धीरे-धीरे हिलाए जा रहे थे।
The leaves were being gently swayed by the wind.
(patte havaa men dhiire-dhiire hilaae jaa rahe the।)
जब तक वह अपनी मुट्ठी नहीं हिलाएगा, दर्द कम नहीं होगा।
Until he moves his fist, the pain won't lessen.
(jab tak vah apnii mutthii nahiin hilaaegaa, dard kam nahiin hogaa।)
Sense
2
:
to stir, agitate (a liquid or mixture)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: चलाना (chalaanaa, used for stirring with a spoon in cooking contexts)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: In the kitchen you'll hear this with चम्मच (chammach, 'spoon'): चम्मच से हिलाना (chammach se hilaanaa, 'to stir with a spoon') -- a mother telling a child to stir the दाल (daal) so it doesn't stick.
Sample Sentences:
दाल को चम्मच से हिलाओ, नहीं तो जल जाएगी।
Stir the lentils with a spoon, or they will burn.
(daal ko chammach se hilaao, nahiin to jal jaaegii।)
वह पतीले में सब्ज़ी हिला रही है।
She is stirring the vegetables in the pot.
(vah patiile men sabzii hilaa rahii hai।)
माँ रोज़ सुबह दलिया हिलाती है ताकि वह चिपके नहीं।
Mom stirs the porridge every morning so that it doesn't stick.
(maan roz subah daliyaa hilaatii hai taaki vah chipke nahiin।)
मैंने चाय में चीनी डालकर उसे अच्छे से हिलाया।
I added sugar to the tea and stirred it well.
(mainne chaay men chiinii daalkar use achchhe se hilaayaa।)
पेंट को इस्तेमाल करने से पहले उसे हिलाना ज़रूरी है।
It is necessary to stir the paint before using it.
(pent ko istemaal karne se pahle use hilaanaa zaroorii hai।)
अगर तुम इसे लगातार नहीं हिलाओगे तो गुठलियाँ पड़ जाएँगी।
If you don't keep stirring it continuously, it will get lumpy.
(agar tum ise lagaataar nahiin hilaaoge to guthliyaan pad jaaengii।)
इस मिश्रण को धीरे-धीरे हिलाओ, तेज़ हाथ से नहीं।
Stir this mixture slowly, not with a fast hand.
(is mishran ko dhiire-dhiire hilaao, tez haath se nahiin।)
कढ़ी को बिना हिलाए छोड़ दिया जाता तो वह फट जाती।
If the kadhi had been left without stirring, it would have curdled.
(kadhii ko binaa hilaae chhod diyaa jaataa to vah phat jaatii।)
रसोइये ने बड़े इत्मीनान से मसाला हिलाया।
The cook stirred the spices with great calm.
(rasoiye ne bade itmiinaan se masaalaa hilaayaa।)
घोल को इतनी तेज़ी से हिलाया गया कि झाग बनने लगा।
The solution was stirred so fast that foam started forming.
(ghol ko itnii tezii se hilaayaa gayaa ki jhaag banne lagaa।)
Sense
3
:
to unsettle, disturb, shake (someone's resolve, faith, position)
verb, transitive Takes an abstract object like इरादा (iraadaa, 'resolve') or विश्वास (vishvaas, 'faith'), as in इरादा हिलाना (iraadaa hilaanaa).
Synonyms: विचलित करना (vichlit karnaa, more formal/literary)
Frequency: low
Cultural Note: This figurative sense mirrors English quite closely -- 'to shake someone's confidence' -- so it's an easy one for learners to pick up once they know the literal sense.
Sample Sentences:
उस घटना ने उसका विश्वास हिला दिया।
That incident shook his faith.
(us ghatnaa ne uskaa vishvaas hilaa diyaa।)
कोई भी आलोचना उसका इरादा नहीं हिला सकती।
No criticism can shake his resolve.
(koii bhii aalochnaa uskaa iraadaa nahiin hilaa saktii।)
यह खबर उसकी नींव हिला देगी।
This news will shake the very foundation of his beliefs.
(yah khabar uskii niinv hilaa degii।)
अगर वह सच जान लेता, तो उसका आत्मविश्वास हिल जाता।
If he had known the truth, his self-confidence would have been shaken.
(agar vah sach jaan letaa, to uskaa aatmvishvaas hil jaataa।)
उसके शब्दों से मेरा भरोसा हिल गया है।
My trust has been shaken by his words.
(uske shabdon se meraa bharosaa hil gayaa hai।)
उसकी हिम्मत को कोई नहीं हिला पाया।
No one was able to shake his courage.
(uskii himmat ko koii nahiin hilaa paayaa।)
बार-बार असफलताओं ने उसके संकल्प को हिला दिया था।
Repeated failures had shaken his determination.
(baar-baar asphaltaaon ne uske sankalp ko hilaa diyaa thaa।)
क्या इतनी छोटी बात उसका मन हिला सकती है?
Can such a small thing shake his resolve?
(kyaa itnii chhotii baat uskaa man hilaa saktii hai?)
उसके धर्म पर विश्वास को कोई ताकत नहीं हिला सकती थी।
No power could shake his faith in his religion.
(uske dharm par vishvaas ko koii taakat nahiin hilaa saktii thii।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
हिलाना
(hilaanaa)
infinitive oblique:
हिलाने
(hilaane)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
हिलाता
(hilaataa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
हिलाते
(hilaate)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
हिलाती
(hilaatii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
हिलातीं
(hilaatiin)
continuous (sg.m):
हिला रहा
(hilaa rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
हिला रहे
(hilaa rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
हिला रही
(hilaa rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
हिला रहीं
(hilaa rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
हिलाया
(hilaayaa)
perfective (pl.m):
हिलाए
(hilaae)
perfective (sg.f):
हिलाई
(hilaaii)
perfective (pl.f):
हिलाईं
(hilaaiin)
imperative (informal):
हिला
(hilaa)
imperative (neutral):
हिलाओ
(hilaao)
imperative (formal):
हिलाइए
(hilaaie)
future (1sg.m):
हिलाऊँगा
(hilaaoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
हिलाऊँगी
(hilaaoongii)
future (1pl.m):
हिलाएँगे
(hilaaenge)
future (1pl.f):
हिलाएँगी
(hilaaengii)
future (2sg.m):
हिलाएगा
(hilaaegaa)
future (2sg.f):
हिलाएगी
(hilaaegii)
future (2pl.m):
हिलाओगे
(hilaaoge)
future (2pl.f):
हिलाओगी
(hilaaogii)
future (3sg.m):
हिलाएगा
(hilaaegaa)
future (3sg.f):
हिलाएगी
(hilaaegii)
future (3pl.m):
हिलाएँगे
(hilaaenge)
future (3pl.f):
हिलाएँगी
(hilaaengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
हिलाऊँ
(hilaaoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
हिलाएँ
(hilaaen)
subjunctive (2sg):
हिलाए
(hilaae)
subjunctive (2pl):
हिलाओ
(hilaao)
subjunctive (3sg):
हिलाए
(hilaae)
subjunctive (3pl):
हिलाएँ
(hilaaen)