तोड़ना (todnaa)

verb A common transitive verb built around the core idea of breaking something -- physically snapping/shattering an object, or breaking an abstract thing like a rule, promise, or fast.
Sense 1 : to break, snap, shatter (a physical object)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: फोड़ना (phodnaa, for breaking open/bursting something), टुकड़े करना (tukde karnaa, to break into pieces)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: तोड़ना (todnaa) and टूटना (tootnaa) form one of the classic transitive/intransitive pairs in Hindi -- worth learning them together, since the same event (something breaking) gets a different verb depending on whether you're naming the breaker or just the broken thing.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes confuse तोड़ना (todnaa) with टूटना (tootnaa) -- तोड़ना (todnaa) is what you do to something ('main ne kaanch tod diyaa', I broke the glass), टूटना (tootnaa) is what happens to it on its own ('kaanch tuut gayaa', the glass broke). 2) With fruit, flowers, or branches, तोड़ना (todnaa) means 'to pluck/pick' rather than 'to break' -- फूल तोड़ना (phool todnaa, 'to pick a flower') does not imply violence.
Sample Sentences:
बच्चे ने खिलौना तोड़ दिया। The child broke the toy.
(bachche ne khilaunaa tod diyaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
प्लीज़ इतनी ज़ोर से मत मारो, कुर्सी टूट जाएगी... अरे तुमने तो पहले ही तोड़ दी! Please don't hit it so hard, the chair will break... oh, you've already broken it!
(pliiz itnii zor se mat maaro, kursii toot jaaegii... are tumne to pahle hii tod dii!)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
वह हर दिन कुछ न कुछ तोड़ता है। He breaks something or the other every day.
(vah har din kuchh n kuchh todtaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मज़दूर दीवार तोड़ रहे हैं। The workers are breaking the wall.
(mazdoor diivaar tod rahe hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम इसे ज़ोर से खींचोगे तो तार टूट जाएगा, इसलिए धीरे से तोड़ना अगर तोड़ना ही है। If you pull it hard the wire will snap, so break it gently if you must break it at all.
(agar tum ise zor se khiinchoge to taar toot jaaegaa, islie dhiire se todnaa agar todnaa hii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
शीशा मत तोड़ो! Don't break the glass!
(shiishaa mat todo!)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर वह गुस्से में होता तो प्लेट ज़रूर तोड़ देता। If he had been angry, he would certainly have broken the plate.
(agar vah gusse men hotaa to plet zaroor tod detaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
पुरानी इमारत को गिराने से पहले मज़दूरों ने खिड़कियाँ तोड़ी थीं। The workers had broken the windows before demolishing the old building.
(puraanii imaarat ko giraane se pahle mazdooron ne khidkiyaan todii thiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह पत्थर हथौड़े से तोड़ा जाएगा। This stone will be broken with a hammer.
(yah patthar hathaude se todaa jaaegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
हो सकता है कि वह गलती से गमला तोड़ दे। It's possible he might accidentally break the flowerpot.
(ho saktaa hai ki vah galtii se gamlaa tod de।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
निर्माण स्थल पर पुरानी दीवार तोड़ी गई ताकि नई इमारत बनाई जा सके। The old wall at the construction site was demolished so that a new building could be constructed.
(nirmaan sthal par puraanii diivaar todii gaii taaki naii imaarat banaaii jaa sake।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
Sense 2 : to break (a rule, promise, fast, record, relationship)
verb, transitive Takes abstract objects like नियम (niyam, rule), वादा (vaadaa, promise), व्रत (vrat, fast), और रिकॉर्ड (rikord, record) in place of a physical object.
Synonyms: भंग करना (bhang karnaa, formal, used for vows/rules)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: व्रत तोड़ना (vrat todnaa, 'to break a fast') is everyday vocabulary around festivals like करवा चौथ (karvaa chauth) or नवरात्रि (navraatri), when people talk about the specific moment -- often seeing the moon or a family meal -- that ends the day's fast.
Common Mistakes: 1) With 'record,' Hindi uses तोड़ना (todnaa) just like English ('rikord toḍnaa', to break a record), so learners can rely on the parallel here rather than searching for a separate word. 2) रिश्ता तोड़ना (rishtaa todnaa) means to break off a relationship -- learners sometimes reach for खत्म करना (khatm karnaa) instead, which sounds flatter and less idiomatic in this context.
Sample Sentences:
उसने अपना वादा तोड़ दिया। He broke his promise.
(usne apnaa vaadaa tod diyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
चाँद देखकर महिलाएँ अपना व्रत तोड़ती हैं। Women break their fast after seeing the moon.
(chaand dekhkar mahilaaen apnaa vrat todtii hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कृपया नियम मत तोड़िए। Please don't break the rules.
(kripyaa niyam mat todie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उसने ओलंपिक का रिकॉर्ड तोड़ दिया है। He has broken the Olympic record.
(usne olampik kaa rikord tod diyaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम यह रिश्ता तोड़ोगे तो सब कुछ खत्म हो जाएगा। If you break off this relationship, everything will be over.
(agar tum yah rishtaa todoge to sab kuchh khatm ho jaaegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
समझौता दोनों पक्षों द्वारा तोड़ा गया। The agreement was broken by both parties.
(samjhautaa donon pakshon dvaaraa todaa gayaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
काश वह अपना वादा न तोड़ता। I wish he hadn't broken his promise.
(kaash vah apnaa vaadaa n todtaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
नवरात्रि में वह नौवें दिन ही व्रत तोड़ती है। During Navratri, she breaks her fast only on the ninth day.
(navraatri men vah nauven din hii vrat todtii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह ठेका बीच में तोड़ना कानूनी रूप से सही नहीं होगा। Breaking this contract midway would not be legally correct.
(yah thekaa biich men todnaa kaanoonii roop se sahii nahiin hogaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
वह अपनी कसम कभी नहीं तोड़ता। He never breaks his oath.
(vah apnii kasam kabhii nahiin todtaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
परंपरा तोड़ना इतना आसान नहीं होता। Breaking tradition is not that easy.
(parampraa todnaa itnaa aasaan nahiin hotaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : to break down, crush, discourage (someone's spirit, hope, confidence)
verb, transitive Common object nouns: हौसला (hauslaa, courage/morale), दिल (dil, heart), उम्मीद (ummiid, hope).
Synonyms: कुचलना (kuchalnaa, to crush)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: हौसला मत तोड़ो (hauslaa mat todo, 'don't break my spirit/morale') is something you'll hear often in encouraging or scolding contexts -- family, coaches, friends -- when someone is trying to talk another person out of an effort.
Common Mistakes: 1) दिल तोड़ना (dil todnaa) specifically means 'to break someone's heart' emotionally, not literally injure the heart -- learners should treat it as a fixed idiom rather than building it from scratch each time.
Sample Sentences:
मेरा हौसला मत तोड़ो, मैं कोशिश करता रहूँगा। Don't break my spirit, I will keep trying.
(meraa hauslaa mat todo, main koshish kartaa rahoongaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उसकी बातों ने मेरा हौसला तोड़ दिया। Her words crushed my spirit.
(uskii baaton ne meraa hauslaa tod diyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बार-बार की असफलता उसका मनोबल तोड़ रही थी। Repeated failure was crushing his morale.
(baar-baar kii asphaltaa uskaa manobal tod rahii thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कोच कभी खिलाड़ियों का हौसला नहीं तोड़ता, चाहे वे कितनी भी बार हारें। A coach never breaks the players' spirit, no matter how many times they lose.
(koch kabhii khilaadiyon kaa hauslaa nahiin todtaa, chaahe ve kitnii bhii baar haaren।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम उसे ऐसे टोकते रहोगे तो उसका आत्मविश्वास टूट जाएगा। If you keep interrupting him like that, his confidence will be broken.
(agar tum use aise tokte rahoge to uskaa aatmvishvaas toot jaaegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
काश उन्होंने उसका हौसला न तोड़ा होता, तो वह आज कामयाब होता। If only they hadn't broken his spirit, he would have been successful today.
(kaash unhonne uskaa hauslaa n todaa hotaa, to vah aaj kaamyaab hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
माँ-बाप को अपने बच्चों का हौसला नहीं तोड़ना चाहिए, चाहे वे कितने भी नाराज़ क्यों न हों। Parents should not break their children's spirit, no matter how angry they are.
(maan-baap ko apne bachchon kaa hauslaa nahiin todnaa chaahie, chaahe ve kitne bhii naaraaz kyon n hon।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने ऐसे ताने मारे कि मेरा आत्मविश्वास पूरी तरह टूट गया। He taunted me so much that my confidence was completely broken.
(usne aise taane maare ki meraa aatmvishvaas poorii tarah toot gayaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
निराशा भरी टिप्पणियों से किसी की उम्मीद तोड़ना आसान है, लेकिन उसे जोड़ना मुश्किल। It is easy to break someone's hope with discouraging remarks, but hard to rebuild it.
(niraashaa bharii tippniyon se kisii kii ummiid todnaa aasaan hai, lekin use jodnaa mushkil।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Verb
infinitive: तोड़ना (todnaa)
infinitive oblique: तोड़ने (todne)
habitual/simple (sg.m): तोड़ता (todtaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m): तोड़ते (todte)
habitual/simple (sg.f): तोड़ती (todtii)
habitual/simple (pl.f): तोड़तीं (todtiin)
continuous (sg.m): तोड़ रहा (tod rahaa)
continuous (pl.m): तोड़ रहे (tod rahe)
continuous (sg.f): तोड़ रही (tod rahii)
continuous (pl.f): तोड़ रहीं (tod rahiin)
perfective (sg.m): तोड़ा (todaa)
perfective (pl.m): तोड़े (tode)
perfective (sg.f): तोड़ी (todii)
perfective (pl.f): तोड़ीं (todiin)
imperative (informal): तोड़ (tod)
imperative (neutral): तोड़ो (todo)
imperative (formal): तोड़िए (todie)
future (1sg.m): तोड़ूँगा (todoongaa)
future (1sg.f): तोड़ूँगी (todoongii)
future (1pl.m): तोड़ेंगे (todenge)
future (1pl.f): तोड़ेंगी (todengii)
future (2sg.m): तोड़ेगा (todegaa)
future (2sg.f): तोड़ेगी (todegii)
future (2pl.m): तोड़ोगे (todoge)
future (2pl.f): तोड़ोगी (todogii)
future (3sg.m): तोड़ेगा (todegaa)
future (3sg.f): तोड़ेगी (todegii)
future (3pl.m): तोड़ेंगे (todenge)
future (3pl.f): तोड़ेंगी (todengii)
subjunctive (1sg): तोड़ूँ (todoon)
subjunctive (1pl): तोड़ें (toden)
subjunctive (2sg): तोड़े (tode)
subjunctive (2pl): तोड़ो (todo)
subjunctive (3sg): तोड़े (tode)
subjunctive (3pl): तोड़ें (toden)