निपटना (nipatnaa)
verb
One main verb of 'getting done with' something -- finishing a task, settling a matter, or (colloquially and darkly) disposing of someone/something for good.
Sense
1
:
to finish, get done with (a task, work)
verb, intransitive Often used with से: काम से निपटना (kaam se nipatnaa, 'to get done with the work') -- the task takes से, not को.
Synonyms: खत्म करना (khatm karnaa), निबटना (nibatnaa, variant form), पूरा करना (pooraa karnaa)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the verb every busy Delhi office-goer uses at the end of the day: 'aaj ka kaam nipata diya' -- said with real relief. It pairs constantly with the compound-verb helper देना (denaa) -- निपटा देना (niptaa denaa) -- to add a sense of finality, 'get it over and done with.'
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often mark the task with को (ko) by analogy with English 'finish the work' -- but निपटना (nipatnaa) wants से (se): काम से निपटना (kaam se nipatnaa), not काम को निपटना. 2) This sense is intransitive despite feeling like it takes an object in English -- the 'object' is actually marked with से (se) as an oblique, so there is no ने (ne) in the perfective: मैंने निपटा नहीं, मैं निपटा (main niptaa).
Sample Sentences:
मैंने आज का सारा काम निपटा दिया।
I finished off all of today's work.
(mainne aaj kaa saaraa kaam niptaa diyaa।)
पहले यह रिपोर्ट निपटा लो, फिर चाय पीना।
Finish this report first, then have your tea.
(pahle yah riport niptaa lo, phir chaay piinaa।)
वह रोज़ सुबह पहले ईमेल निपटाता है, फिर मीटिंग में जाता है।
He gets through his emails every morning before going to meetings.
(vah roz subah pahle iimel niptaataa hai, phir miiting men jaataa hai।)
अभी मैं यह फाइलें निपटा रही हूँ, थोड़ी देर लगेगी।
I'm getting through these files right now, it'll take a bit.
(abhii main yah phaailen niptaa rahii hoon, thodii der lagegii।)
अगर वक़्त मिलता, तो मैं यह प्रोजेक्ट कल तक निपटा देता।
If I had gotten time, I would have finished this project by tomorrow.
(agar vaqt miltaa, to main yah projekt kal tak niptaa detaa।)
काश हम यह सारा सामान आज ही निपटा पाते।
I wish we could get through all this material today itself.
(kaash ham yah saaraa saamaan aaj hii niptaa paate।)
यह काम कल तक निपटाया जाएगा।
This work will be finished by tomorrow.
(yah kaam kal tak niptaayaa jaaegaa।)
बॉस ने कहा कि सारे पेंडिंग काम इस हफ़्ते निपटाए जाएँ।
The boss said that all the pending tasks should be finished this week.
(bos ne kahaa ki saare pending kaam is hafte niptaae jaaen।)
शुक्र है, आज का काम निपट गया, अब घर जा सकते हैं।
Thank god, today's work is done, now we can go home.
(shukr hai, aaj kaa kaam nipat gayaa, ab ghar jaa sakte hain।)
क्या तुमने वह असाइनमेंट निपटा दिया या अभी बाकी है?
Did you get that assignment done, or is it still pending?
(kyaa tumne vah asaainment niptaa diyaa yaa abhii baakii hai?)
अगर सब मिलकर हाथ लगाएँ, तो यह काम एक दिन में निपट सकता है।
If everyone pitches in together, this work can be finished in a day.
(agar sab milkar haath lagaaen, to yah kaam ek din men nipat saktaa hai।)
Sense
2
:
to settle, resolve (a dispute, matter, account)
verb, intransitive Common in the frame मामला निपटना (maamlaa nipatnaa, 'the matter to get settled') or झगड़ा निपटना (jhagdaa nipatnaa, 'the quarrel to get settled') -- the dispute itself is the grammatical subject.
Synonyms: सुलझाना (suljhaanaa), सुलटाना (sultaanaa, variant/regional), हल करना (hal karnaa)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this constantly around family property disputes and business accounts -- हिसाब निपट गया (hisaab nipat gayaa, 'the accounts are settled') has that satisfying sense of a ledger finally closed, no loose ends.
Common Mistakes: 1) This is the intransitive counterpart of निपटाना (niptaanaa) -- learners reach for निपटना (nipatnaa) when they actually mean 'to settle something' (a transitive act), which needs निपटाना (niptaanaa) instead: झगड़ा निपटाया (jhagdaa niptaayaa, 'settled the quarrel') vs. झगड़ा निपट गया (jhagdaa nipat gayaa, 'the quarrel got settled').
Sample Sentences:
आखिरकार दोनों भाइयों के बीच का झगड़ा निपट गया।
Finally, the dispute between the two brothers got settled.
(aakhirkaar donon bhaaiyon ke biich kaa jhagdaa nipat gayaa।)
हिसाब निपट गया, अब कोई बकाया नहीं है।
The accounts are settled, there's nothing outstanding now.
(hisaab nipat gayaa, ab koii bakaayaa nahiin hai।)
जमीन का मामला कोर्ट में सालों से निपटता नहीं।
The land dispute just doesn't get resolved in court, for years now.
(jamiin kaa maamlaa kort men saalon se nipattaa nahiin।)
वकील साहब, यह मामला कब तक निपट जाएगा?
Sir lawyer, by when will this matter be settled?
(vakiil saahab, yah maamlaa kab tak nipat jaaegaa?)
पहले घर का बंटवारा निपटा लो, फिर बाकी बातें करेंगे।
First settle the division of the house, then we'll talk about the rest.
(pahle ghar kaa bantvaaraa niptaa lo, phir baakii baaten karenge।)
अगर पंचायत बीच में न पड़ती तो यह विवाद कभी न निपटता।
If the panchayat hadn't intervened, this dispute would never have gotten settled.
(agar panchaayat biich men n padtii to yah vivaad kabhii n nipattaa।)
दुकान का हिसाब-किताब हर महीने की आखिरी तारीख को निपटाया जाता है।
The shop's accounts are settled on the last date of every month.
(dukaan kaa hisaab-kitaab har mahiine kii aakhirii taariikh ko niptaayaa jaataa hai।)
उम्मीद है कि यह सीमा विवाद बातचीत से निपट जाए, लड़ाई से नहीं।
Hopefully this border dispute gets resolved through talks, not through fighting.
(ummiid hai ki yah siimaa vivaad baatchiit se nipat jaae, ladaaii se nahiin।)
बाप के मरने के बाद भाइयों में सम्पत्ति का विवाद वर्षों तक नहीं निपटा।
After the father's death, the property dispute among the brothers didn't get settled for years.
(baap ke marne ke baad bhaaiyon men sampatti kaa vivaad varshon tak nahiin niptaa।)
क्या आपसी सहमति से यह मुकदमा बाहर ही निपट सकता है?
Can this case be settled out of court through mutual agreement?
(kyaa aapsii sahamti se yah mukadmaa baahar hii nipat saktaa hai?)
दोनों पक्षों के वकील बैठे हैं, शायद आज ही मामला निपट जाए।
Both sides' lawyers are sitting together, maybe the matter will get settled today itself.
(donon pakshon ke vakiil baithe hain, shaayad aaj hii maamlaa nipat jaae।)
Sense
3
:
to deal with, take care of (a person), sometimes euphemistically 'do away with'
verb, intransitive Takes से (se) for the person: उससे निपट लूँगा (usse nipat loongaa, 'I'll deal with him') -- register ranges from a boss handling a difficult client to gangster-movie threats.
Synonyms: ठिकाने लगाना (thikaane lagaanaa, euphemistic, colloquial), निबटना (nibatnaa, variant form)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the verb of Bollywood villain threats -- 'main usse nipat lunga' -- but it is equally at home said by an annoyed parent about a misbehaving relative at a wedding. The ambiguity is the fun of it.
Common Mistakes: 1) The menacing 'finish him off' reading is entirely tone-dependent -- the same sentence उससे निपट लूँगा (usse nipat loongaa) can mean 'I'll sort things out with him' in an office context or something far more sinister in a thriller, so learners should gauge context, not assume danger by default.
Sample Sentences:
पहले उस लड़के से निपट लो, फिर बात करते हैं।
Deal with that guy first, then we'll talk.
(pahle us ladke se nipat lo, phir baat karte hain।)
मैं उससे निपट लूँगा, तुम टेंशन मत लो।
I'll deal with him, don't you worry.
(main usse nipat loongaa, tum tenshan mat lo।)
शादी में मामाजी बहुत तंग कर रहे थे, अंकल ने उनसे निपट लिया।
Uncle Mama was really bothering everyone at the wedding, so uncle handled him.
(shaadii men maamaajii bahut tang kar rahe the, ankal ne unse nipat liyaa।)
अगर वह फिर से आया, तो उससे मैं खुद निपटूँगा।
If he comes again, I'll deal with him myself.
(agar vah phir se aayaa, to usse main khud niptoongaa।)
फिल्म में हीरो कहता है, "मैं उससे निपट लूँगा।"
In the movie, the hero says, 'I'll finish him off.'
(philm men hiiro kahtaa hai, "main usse nipat loongaa।")
अगर वह मेरी बहन को परेशान करता, तो मैं उससे कब का निपट चुका होता।
If he had been bothering my sister, I would have dealt with him long ago.
(agar vah merii bahan ko pareshaan kartaa, to main usse kab kaa nipat chukaa hotaa।)
गैंग के लोग सोचते थे कि उससे कैसे निपटा जाए।
The gang members were wondering how he should be dealt with.
(gaing ke log sochte the ki usse kaise niptaa jaae।)
उस गद्दार से बड़े ही ठंडे दिमाग़ से निपटा गया।
That traitor was dealt with very coldly and calmly.
(us gaddaar se bade hii thande dimaagh se niptaa gayaa।)
बॉस बोला, इस आदमी से जल्दी निपट लो, वरना दिक्कत बढ़ जाएगी।
The boss said, deal with this guy quickly, or the problem will grow.
(bos bolaa, is aadmii se jaldii nipat lo, varnaa dikkat badh jaaegii।)
क्या तुम उस मुसीबत की जड़ से निपट सकते हो?
Can you take care of the root cause of that trouble?
(kyaa tum us musiibat kii jad se nipat sakte ho?)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
निपटना
(nipatnaa)
infinitive oblique:
निपटने
(nipatne)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
निपटता
(nipattaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
निपटते
(nipatte)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
निपटती
(nipattii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
निपटतीं
(nipattiin)
continuous (sg.m):
निपट रहा
(nipat rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
निपट रहे
(nipat rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
निपट रही
(nipat rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
निपट रहीं
(nipat rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
निपटा
(niptaa)
perfective (pl.m):
निपटे
(nipte)
perfective (sg.f):
निपटी
(niptii)
perfective (pl.f):
निपटीं
(niptiin)
imperative (informal):
निपट
(nipat)
imperative (neutral):
निपटो
(nipto)
imperative (formal):
निपटिए
(niptie)
future (1sg.m):
निपटूँगा
(niptoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
निपटूँगी
(niptoongii)
future (1pl.m):
निपटेंगे
(niptenge)
future (1pl.f):
निपटेंगी
(niptengii)
future (2sg.m):
निपटेगा
(niptegaa)
future (2sg.f):
निपटेगी
(niptegii)
future (2pl.m):
निपटोगे
(niptoge)
future (2pl.f):
निपटोगी
(niptogii)
future (3sg.m):
निपटेगा
(niptegaa)
future (3sg.f):
निपटेगी
(niptegii)
future (3pl.m):
निपटेंगे
(niptenge)
future (3pl.f):
निपटेंगी
(niptengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
निपटूँ
(niptoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
निपटें
(nipten)
subjunctive (2sg):
निपटे
(nipte)
subjunctive (2pl):
निपटो
(nipto)
subjunctive (3sg):
निपटे
(nipte)
subjunctive (3pl):
निपटें
(nipten)