जानना (jaannaa)

verb The core verb for 'to know' -- covers knowing facts, information, and people, and extends into a few common idiomatic frames. Closely related to पहचानना (pahchaannaa, 'to recognize'), which is often confused with it.
Sense 1 : to know (a fact, information, language, skill)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: मालूम होना (maaloom honaa, used with को), पता होना (pataa honaa, used with को)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: In everyday chatter, Delhi speakers reach for पता है (pataa hai) far more than जानता हूँ (jaantaa hoon) -- the latter can feel a touch bookish or pointed, as if asserting expertise rather than just having information. Save जानना (jaannaa) for contexts where you genuinely mean 'to know/understand something,' like knowing a subject, a language, or a fact with some depth.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often say मैं जानता हूँ (main jaantaa hoon) for everything, when native speakers frequently prefer the को-construction मुझे पता है (mujhe pataa hai) or मुझे मालूम है (mujhe maaloom hai) for 'I know [a fact]' in casual speech -- जानना (jaannaa) can sound slightly more formal or emphatic in first person. 2) With languages or skills, जानना (jaannaa) is natural: मैं हिंदी जानता हूँ (main hindii jaantaa hoon, 'I know Hindi'), but for people, use पहचानना (pahchaannaa) instead if you mean 'recognize/be acquainted with,' not जानना (jaannaa).
Sample Sentences:
मैं हिंदी अच्छी तरह जानता हूँ। I know Hindi well.
(main hindii achchhii tarah jaantaa hoon।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम इस विषय के बारे में कुछ जानते हो? Do you know anything about this subject?
(kyaa tum is vishay ke baare men kuchh jaante ho?)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मुझे नहीं मालूम था कि उसे संस्कृत भी आती है, पर अब पता चला कि वह उसे गहराई से जानता है। I didn't know he also knew Sanskrit, but now I've found out he knows it deeply.
(mujhe nahiin maaloom thaa ki use sanskrit bhii aatii hai, par ab pataa chalaa ki vah use gahraaii se jaantaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश मैं यह कानून पहले से जानता। I wish I had known this law beforehand.
(kaash main yah kaanoon pahle se jaantaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
अगर वह गणित जानता होता, तो यह सवाल आसानी से हल कर लेता। If he had known mathematics, he would have solved this question easily.
(agar vah ganit jaantaa hotaa, to yah savaal aasaanii se hal kar letaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
जब वह दिल्ली आई थी, तब वह यहाँ की भाषा बिल्कुल नहीं जानती थी। When she came to Delhi, she didn't know the local language at all.
(jab vah dillii aaii thii, tab vah yahaan kii bhaashaa bilkul nahiin jaantii thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
जान लो कि यह काम आसान नहीं होगा। Know this well -- this work is not going to be easy.
(jaan lo ki yah kaam aasaan nahiin hogaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
यह जानना ज़रूरी है कि हमारे अधिकार क्या हैं। It is necessary to know what our rights are.
(yah jaannaa zaroorii hai ki hamaare adhikaar kyaa hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
विद्वानों का मानना है कि सत्य को पूरी तरह जानना संभव नहीं। Scholars believe that it is not possible to fully know the truth.
(vidvaanon kaa maannaa hai ki saty ko poorii tarah jaannaa sambhav nahiin।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
आत्मा को जानने के लिए वर्षों की साधना चाहिए। Knowing the soul requires years of spiritual practice.
(aatmaa ko jaanne ke lie varshon kii saadhnaa chaahie।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या आप जानते हैं कि यह कानून कब पास हुआ था? Do you know when this law was passed?
(kyaa aap jaante hain ki yah kaanoon kab paas huaa thaa?)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
मैं इस समस्या को जितना जान सका, उतना बताने की कोशिश करूँगा। I will try to explain as much of this problem as I could understand.
(main is samasyaa ko jitnaa jaan sakaa, utnaa bataane kii koshish karoongaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : to know/be acquainted with (a person) -- extended use
verb, transitive Takes the person as a direct object, often marked with को when definite: मैं उसे जानता हूँ (main use jaantaa hoon, 'I know him').
Synonyms: पहचानना (pahchaannaa, to recognize/know by sight), से वाकिफ़ होना (se vaakif honaa, to be familiar with)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This sense is about knowing *who* someone is or knowing them personally, distinct from पहचानना (pahchaannaa), which is about recognizing a face or telling people/things apart. A Delhi aunty might say मैं उसके पापा को जानती हूँ (main uske paapaa ko jaantii hoon, 'I know his father') to mean she's acquainted with the family, not that she could pick him out in a crowd.
Common Mistakes: 1) मैं उसे जानता हूँ (main use jaantaa hoon) means 'I know him' (i.e., I'm acquainted with him or know who he is) but does NOT necessarily mean you'd recognize his face -- for that, पहचानना (pahchaannaa) is the right word. The two verbs overlap but aren't interchangeable.
Sample Sentences:
मैं उसके पापा को जानती हूँ। I know his father.
(main uske paapaa ko jaantii hoon।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम उस लड़की को जानते हो जो कल पार्टी में थी? Do you know that girl who was at the party yesterday?
(kyaa tum us ladkii ko jaante ho jo kal paartii men thii?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
हम दोनों परिवार बचपन से एक-दूसरे को जानते हैं। Our two families have known each other since childhood.
(ham donon parivaar bachpan se ek-doosre ko jaante hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पहले मैं उसे नहीं जानती थी, पर अब हम अच्छे दोस्त हैं। I didn't know him before, but now we're good friends.
(pahle main use nahiin jaantii thii, par ab ham achchhe dost hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर मैं उसे जानती होती, तो उसे यूँ ही मदद कर देती। If I knew him, I would have just helped him.
(agar main use jaantii hotii, to use yoon hii madad kar detii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
क्या आप इस मोहल्ले में किसी वकील को जानते हैं? Do you know any lawyer in this neighborhood?
(kyaa aap is mohalle men kisii vakiil ko jaante hain?)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसे यहाँ कोई नहीं जानता, वह बिल्कुल नया है। Nobody knows him here, he's completely new.
(use yahaan koii nahiin jaantaa, vah bilkul nayaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश मैं उसके परिवार को थोड़ा और जानती। I wish I knew his family a little better.
(kaash main uske parivaar ko thodaa aur jaantii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
इस शहर में उसे कोई नहीं जानता था जब वह पहली बार आया था। Nobody in this city knew him when he first arrived.
(is shahar men use koii nahiin jaantaa thaa jab vah pahlii baar aayaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम मुझे जानते हो? हम कॉलेज में साथ पढ़े थे। Do you know me? We studied together in college.
(kyaa tum mujhe jaante ho? ham kolej men saath padhe the।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह हर बड़े अफ़सर को जानता है, इसलिए उसका काम जल्दी हो जाता है। He knows every senior officer, so his work gets done quickly.
(vah har bade afsar ko jaantaa hai, islie uskaa kaam jaldii ho jaataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : to consider, regard, take to be -- 'jaanna' as 'to deem'
verb, transitive Used in the frame X को Y जानना (X ko Y jaannaa, 'to consider X as Y'), often in slightly formal or reflective speech.
Synonyms: समझना (samajhnaa, to consider/understand, more common), मानना (maannaa, to regard/accept as)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is jaanna's 'to deem' sense, as in उसे अपना दोस्त जानो (use apnaa dost jaano, 'consider him your friend'). It's less common than समझना (samajhnaa) for this meaning in daily chat, and tends to surface in more thoughtful or old-fashioned-sounding advice, proverbs, and written Hindi.
Sample Sentences:
उसे अपना दोस्त जानो। Consider him your friend.
(use apnaa dost jaano।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
संतोष को ही सबसे बड़ा धन जानो। Consider contentment itself to be the greatest wealth.
(santosh ko hii sabse badaa dhan jaano।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
बड़े लोग विपत्ति को भी एक अवसर जानते हैं। Great people regard even adversity as an opportunity.
(bade log vipatti ko bhii ek avsar jaante hain।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यदि तुम इसे अपना कर्तव्य जानो, तो कभी थकोगे नहीं। If you consider this your duty, you will never tire.
(yadi tum ise apnaa kartavy jaano, to kabhii thakoge nahiin।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
प्राचीन काल में लोग राजा को ईश्वर का प्रतिनिधि जानते थे। In ancient times people regarded the king as a representative of God.
(praachiin kaal men log raajaa ko iishvar kaa pratinidhi jaante the।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
गुरु को माता-पिता के समान जानना चाहिए। One should regard the guru as equal to one's parents.
(guru ko maataa-pitaa ke samaan jaannaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह मत जानो कि यह अंत है, यह तो एक नई शुरुआत है। Do not consider this the end -- this is a new beginning.
(yah mat jaano ki yah ant hai, yah to ek naii shuruaat hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
यदि उसे शत्रु जाना जाए तो भी उसकी सहायता करनी चाहिए। Even if he is regarded as an enemy, one should still help him.
(yadi use shatru jaanaa jaae to bhii uskii sahaaytaa karnii chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
सच्चे मित्र को धन से बढ़कर जाना गया है। A true friend has been regarded as greater than wealth.
(sachche mitr ko dhan se badhkar jaanaa gayaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
काश वह मुझे अपना भाई जानता। If only he considered me his brother.
(kaash vah mujhe apnaa bhaaii jaantaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Verb
infinitive: जानना (jaannaa)
infinitive oblique: जानने (jaanne)
habitual/simple (sg.m): जानता (jaantaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m): जानते (jaante)
habitual/simple (sg.f): जानती (jaantii)
habitual/simple (pl.f): जानतीं (jaantiin)
continuous (sg.m): जान रहा (jaan rahaa)
continuous (pl.m): जान रहे (jaan rahe)
continuous (sg.f): जान रही (jaan rahii)
continuous (pl.f): जान रहीं (jaan rahiin)
perfective (sg.m): जाना (jaanaa)
perfective (pl.m): जाने (jaane)
perfective (sg.f): जानी (jaanii)
perfective (pl.f): जानीं (jaaniin)
imperative (informal): जान (jaan)
imperative (neutral): जानो (jaano)
imperative (formal): जानिए (jaanie)
future (1sg.m): जानूँगा (jaanoongaa)
future (1sg.f): जानूँगी (jaanoongii)
future (1pl.m): जानेंगे (jaanenge)
future (1pl.f): जानेंगी (jaanengii)
future (2sg.m): जानेगा (jaanegaa)
future (2sg.f): जानेगी (jaanegii)
future (2pl.m): जानोगे (jaanoge)
future (2pl.f): जानोगी (jaanogii)
future (3sg.m): जानेगा (jaanegaa)
future (3sg.f): जानेगी (jaanegii)
future (3pl.m): जानेंगे (jaanenge)
future (3pl.f): जानेंगी (jaanengii)
subjunctive (1sg): जानूँ (jaanoon)
subjunctive (1pl): जानें (jaanen)
subjunctive (2sg): जाने (jaane)
subjunctive (2pl): जानो (jaano)
subjunctive (3sg): जाने (jaane)
subjunctive (3pl): जानें (jaanen)