छोड़ना (chhodnaa)

verb A core everyday verb built around the idea of releasing or letting go: it covers physically letting go of something, leaving a place or person, giving up a habit, and (in its causative-like idiomatic use) allowing/dropping someone off.
Sense 1 : to leave, quit, abandon (a place, job, relationship, habit)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: त्यागना (tyaagnaa, literary), तर्क करना (tark karnaa, rare)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the verb behind common life-advice phrases like शराब छोड़ दो (sharaab chhod do, 'give up alcohol') or पढ़ाई मत छोड़ो (padhaaii mat chhodo, 'do not quit your studies') -- Indian parents and elders use it constantly when talking about habits, careers, and relationships.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for चलना (chalnaa) or जाना (jaanaa) when they mean 'quit a job' or 'leave a habit' -- छोड़ना (chhodnaa) is the right verb for giving something up, not just physically departing. 2) नौकरी छोड़ना (naukrii chhodnaa, 'to quit a job') and घर छोड़ना (ghar chhodnaa, 'to leave home') both take a direct object with ने-marking in the perfective -- learners sometimes forget ने here because they are thinking of 'leave' as intransitive in English.
Sample Sentences:
मैंने पिछले साल शराब छोड़ दी। I gave up alcohol last year.
(mainne pichhle saal sharaab chhod dii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
पढ़ाई मत छोड़ो, चाहे कुछ भी हो जाए। Do not quit your studies, no matter what happens.
(padhaaii mat chhodo, chaahe kuchh bhii ho jaae।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
वह हर छह महीने में नई नौकरी छोड़ देता है। He quits his new job every six months.
(vah har chhah mahiine men naii naukrii chhod detaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम सिगरेट नहीं छोड़ोगे तो बीमार पड़ जाओगे। If you don't quit smoking, you will fall sick.
(agar tum sigret nahiin chhodoge to biimaar pad jaaoge।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
काश मैंने वह घर इतनी जल्दी न छोड़ा होता। I wish I hadn't left that house so soon.
(kaash mainne vah ghar itnii jaldii n chhodaa hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
अगर उसे नौकरी छोड़नी होती तो वह पहले ही छोड़ देती। If she had wanted to quit the job, she would have quit already.
(agar use naukrii chhodnii hotii to vah pahle hii chhod detii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
उसने कई साल पहले अपना गाँव छोड़ दिया था। He had left his village many years ago.
(usne kaii saal pahle apnaa gaanv chhod diyaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मैं चाहता हूँ कि वह यह टूटा हुआ रिश्ता छोड़ दे। I want him to leave this broken relationship.
(main chaahtaa hoon ki vah yah tootaa huaa rishtaa chhod de।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
यह आदत इतनी आसानी से नहीं छोड़ी जा सकती। This habit cannot be given up so easily.
(yah aadat itnii aasaanii se nahiin chhodii jaa saktii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
कृपया इस बुरी संगत को छोड़ दीजिए, वरना पछताएँगे। Please give up this bad company, or you will regret it.
(kripyaa is burii sangat ko chhod diijie, varnaa pachhtaaenge।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उन्होंने राजनीति छोड़ने का फैसला किया है। He has decided to quit politics.
(unhonne raajniiti chhodne kaa phaislaa kiyaa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : to let go of, release (something held)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: छोड़ देना (chhod denaa, compound-verb variant)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Think of a mother telling a child हाथ मत छोड़ो (haath mat chhodo, 'do not let go of my hand') while crossing a busy Delhi street -- this literal 'releasing grip' sense is the most concrete anchor for the word.
Common Mistakes: 1) With physical objects, छोड़ना (chhodnaa) implies releasing something you were actively holding or gripping -- for simply 'leaving something behind' (like forgetting an umbrella), learners should still use छोड़ना (chhodnaa) but need to distinguish it from भूलना (bhoolnaa, 'to forget'), which is about memory, not release.
Sample Sentences:
मेरा हाथ मत छोड़ो। Do not let go of my hand.
(meraa haath mat chhodo।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
सड़क पार करते वक्त माँ ने बच्चे का हाथ नहीं छोड़ा। The mother did not let go of the child's hand while crossing the road.
(sadak paar karte vakt maan ne bachche kaa haath nahiin chhodaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
वह रस्सी को कसकर पकड़े रहता है, कभी नहीं छोड़ता। He keeps holding the rope tightly, he never lets go.
(vah rassii ko kaskar pakde rahtaa hai, kabhii nahiin chhodtaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
जब गुब्बारा हाथ से छूटा तो बच्चा रोने लगा। When the balloon slipped from his hand, the child started crying.
(jab gubbaaraa haath se chhootaa to bachchaa rone lagaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
डोर मत छोड़ना, पतंग उड़ जाएगी। Do not let go of the string, or the kite will fly away.
(dor mat chhodnaa, patang ud jaaegii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर वह रेलिंग छोड़ देता तो नीचे गिर जाता। If he had let go of the railing, he would have fallen down.
(agar vah reling chhod detaa to niiche gir jaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
कुत्ते की पट्टी मत छोड़िए, वह भाग जाएगा। Please do not let go of the dog's leash, he will run off.
(kutte kii pattii mat chhodie, vah bhaag jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
बंदर ने शाखा छोड़ दी और दूसरी पर कूद गया। The monkey let go of the branch and jumped onto another one.
(bandar ne shaakhaa chhod dii aur doosrii par kood gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
जब तक बस न रुक जाए, पोल मत छोड़ना। Do not let go of the pole until the bus comes to a stop.
(jab tak bas n ruk jaae, pol mat chhodnaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर रस्सी छोड़ी जाए तो पूरा तंबू गिर जाएगा। If the rope is let go of, the whole tent will collapse.
(agar rassii chhodii jaae to pooraa tamboo gir jaaegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
Sense 3 : to drop someone off (at a place)
verb, transitive Takes a person as object plus a location marked with पर (par) or तक (tak): मुझे स्टेशन पर छोड़ दो (mujhe steshan par chhod do, 'drop me at the station').
Synonyms: पहुँचाना (pahunchaanaa, slightly more formal, emphasizes safe arrival)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Extremely common in daily conversation about commutes and favors -- क्या तुम मुझे कॉलेज छोड़ सकते हो? (kyaa tum mujhe kolej chhod sakte ho?, 'can you drop me at college?') is a everyday request between friends and family in any Indian city.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes use ले जाना (le jaanaa, 'to take') when they mean 'drop off' -- छोड़ना (chhodnaa) specifically frames the action as depositing someone and then leaving, ले जाना (le jaanaa) just means transporting them somewhere.
Sample Sentences:
क्या तुम मुझे कॉलेज छोड़ सकते हो? Can you drop me at college?
(kyaa tum mujhe kolej chhod sakte ho?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पापा मुझे रोज़ स्कूल छोड़ते हैं। Dad drops me at school every day.
(paapaa mujhe roz skool chhodte hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मैंने उसे स्टेशन पर छोड़ दिया। I dropped him off at the station.
(mainne use steshan par chhod diyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
वह मुझे घर छोड़ रहा है। He's dropping me home.
(vah mujhe ghar chhod rahaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम्हें देर हो रही है तो मुझे यहीं छोड़ दो। If you're getting late, just drop me right here.
(agar tumhen der ho rahii hai to mujhe yahiin chhod do।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कल शाम को वह मुझे एयरपोर्ट छोड़ेगा। He'll drop me at the airport tomorrow evening.
(kal shaam ko vah mujhe eyarport chhodegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
क्या आप बच्चे को उसके स्कूल तक छोड़ सकते हैं? Could you drop the child off at his school?
(kyaa aap bachche ko uske skool tak chhod sakte hain?)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर मेरे पास गाड़ी होती, तो मैं तुम्हें बाज़ार छोड़ देता। If I had a car, I would drop you at the market.
(agar mere paas gaadii hotii, to main tumhen baazaar chhod detaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
मैं चाहता हूँ कि तुम मुझे मेरे दफ़्तर के पास छोड़ दो। I want you to drop me near my office.
(main chaahtaa hoon ki tum mujhe mere daftar ke paas chhod do।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
मुझे उस चौराहे पर छोड़ दिया गया था। I was dropped off at that intersection.
(mujhe us chauraahe par chhod diyaa gayaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
उसने अपनी बेटी को शादी के बाद उसके नए घर छोड़ा। He dropped his daughter at her new home after the wedding.
(usne apnii betii ko shaadii ke baad uske nae ghar chhodaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 4 : to spare, exclude (leaving someone/something out)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: बख्शना (bakhshnaa, 'to spare/forgive', slightly stronger)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Common in threats or determined statements -- मैं उसे नहीं छोड़ूँगा (main use nahiin chhodoongaa, 'I will not let him get away with this') is a stock line in Hindi films and everyday arguments alike, carrying a sense of reckoning rather than simple departure.
Common Mistakes: 1) In the idiom किसी को नहीं छोड़ना (kisii ko nahiin chhodnaa, 'to spare no one'), the meaning shifts from ordinary 'leaving' to a stronger sense of 'not letting someone off the hook' -- learners can miss this idiomatic edge if they translate too literally.
Sample Sentences:
मैं उसे नहीं छोड़ूँगा, उसने मेरे साथ बहुत गलत किया है। I will not spare him, he has wronged me a lot.
(main use nahiin chhodoongaa, usne mere saath bahut galat kiyaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
पुलिस ने कहा कि किसी भी दोषी को नहीं छोड़ा जाएगा। The police said that no guilty person would be spared.
(pulis ne kahaa ki kisii bhii doshii ko nahiin chhodaa jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
इस बार गलती करने वाले को मत छोड़ो, समझा दो। Don't spare the one who made the mistake this time, teach him a lesson.
(is baar galtii karne vaale ko mat chhodo, samjhaa do।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर वह फिर से झूठ बोलता तो मैं उसे कभी नहीं छोड़ता। If he had lied again, I would never have spared him.
(agar vah phir se jhooth boltaa to main use kabhii nahiin chhodtaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
वह अपने दुश्मनों को कभी नहीं छोड़ता था। He never used to spare his enemies.
(vah apne dushmnon ko kabhii nahiin chhodtaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
फिल्म के हीरो ने विलेन को छोड़ते हुए कहा, अगली बार नहीं छोड़ूँगा। Letting the villain off, the movie's hero said, 'I won't spare you next time.'
(philm ke hiiro ne vilen ko chhodte hue kahaa, aglii baar nahiin chhodoongaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
जज ने सारे सबूत देखने के बाद भी किसी को नहीं छोड़ा। Even after seeing all the evidence, the judge did not spare anyone.
(jaj ne saare saboot dekhne ke baad bhii kisii ko nahiin chhodaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम सच में सोचते हो कि वह तुम्हें ऐसे ही छोड़ देगा? Do you really think he will just let you off like that?
(kyaa tum sach men sochte ho ki vah tumhen aise hii chhod degaa?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
हो सकता है कि इस बार बॉस उसकी गलती छोड़ दे। It's possible the boss might overlook his mistake this time.
(ho saktaa hai ki is baar bos uskii galtii chhod de।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
उसने कसम खाई थी कि जो भी उसके परिवार को नुकसान पहुँचाएगा, उसे नहीं छोड़ेगी। She had sworn that she would not spare whoever harmed her family.
(usne kasam khaaii thii ki jo bhii uske parivaar ko nuksaan pahunchaaegaa, use nahiin chhodegii।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Verb
infinitive: छोड़ना (chhodnaa)
infinitive oblique: छोड़ने (chhodne)
habitual/simple (sg.m): छोड़ता (chhodtaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m): छोड़ते (chhodte)
habitual/simple (sg.f): छोड़ती (chhodtii)
habitual/simple (pl.f): छोड़तीं (chhodtiin)
continuous (sg.m): छोड़ रहा (chhod rahaa)
continuous (pl.m): छोड़ रहे (chhod rahe)
continuous (sg.f): छोड़ रही (chhod rahii)
continuous (pl.f): छोड़ रहीं (chhod rahiin)
perfective (sg.m): छोड़ा (chhodaa)
perfective (pl.m): छोड़े (chhode)
perfective (sg.f): छोड़ी (chhodii)
perfective (pl.f): छोड़ीं (chhodiin)
imperative (informal): छोड़ (chhod)
imperative (neutral): छोड़ो (chhodo)
imperative (formal): छोड़िए (chhodie)
future (1sg.m): छोड़ूँगा (chhodoongaa)
future (1sg.f): छोड़ूँगी (chhodoongii)
future (1pl.m): छोड़ेंगे (chhodenge)
future (1pl.f): छोड़ेंगी (chhodengii)
future (2sg.m): छोड़ेगा (chhodegaa)
future (2sg.f): छोड़ेगी (chhodegii)
future (2pl.m): छोड़ोगे (chhodoge)
future (2pl.f): छोड़ोगी (chhodogii)
future (3sg.m): छोड़ेगा (chhodegaa)
future (3sg.f): छोड़ेगी (chhodegii)
future (3pl.m): छोड़ेंगे (chhodenge)
future (3pl.f): छोड़ेंगी (chhodengii)
subjunctive (1sg): छोड़ूँ (chhodoon)
subjunctive (1pl): छोड़ें (chhoden)
subjunctive (2sg): छोड़े (chhode)
subjunctive (2pl): छोड़ो (chhodo)
subjunctive (3sg): छोड़े (chhode)
subjunctive (3pl): छोड़ें (chhoden)