आना (aanaa)
verb
The basic verb 'to come'; also functions as part of many involuntary/experiential expressions (नींद आना (niind aanaa, 'to feel sleepy'), याद आना (yaad aanaa, 'to come to mind')) and as an auxiliary marking learned ability (हिंदी आना (hindii aanaa, 'to know Hindi')). All are covered as separate senses below.
Sense
1
:
to come, arrive (physical motion)
verb, intransitive
Synonyms: पहुँचना (pahunchnaa, to arrive)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is one of the first verbs every learner meets, paired constantly with जाना (jaanaa, 'to go') -- Hindi speakers use the आना/जाना (aanaa/jaanaa) pair the way English uses 'come/go,' but always oriented to the speaker's own position, so getting the direction right takes a little ear-training.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often try to make this transitive with ने (ne) in the past tense; आना (aanaa) is intransitive, so the subject stays unmarked: वह आया (vah aayaa, 'he came'), never उसने आया (usne aayaa).
Sample Sentences:
मैं कल तुमसे मिलने आऊँगा।
I will come to meet you tomorrow.
(main kal tumse milne aaoongaa।)
Listen: F85
अभी बारिश आ रही है, जल्दी घर आ जाओ।
It's raining right now, come home quickly.
(abhii baarish aa rahii hai, jaldii ghar aa jaao।)
Listen: M85
इधर आओ, मुझे कुछ दिखाना है।
Come here, I want to show you something.
(idhar aao, mujhe kuchh dikhaanaa hai।)
Listen: M85
अगर वह समय पर आता, तो हम साथ चल पाते।
If he had come on time, we could have gone together.
(agar vah samay par aataa, to ham saath chal paate।)
Listen: F85
मेहमानों को बुलाया गया और वे शाम तक आ गए।
The guests were invited and they had arrived by evening.
(mehmaanon ko bulaayaa gayaa aur ve shaam tak aa gae।)
Listen: M85
ट्रेन प्लेटफ़ॉर्म पर आ चुकी है।
The train has already arrived at the platform.
(tren pletform par aa chukii hai।)
Listen: M85
वह हमेशा आगे-पीछे आता-जाता रहता है, कभी टिककर नहीं बैठता।
He's always coming and going, never sitting still.
(vah hameshaa aage-piichhe aataa-jaataa rahtaa hai, kabhii tikkar nahiin baithtaa।)
Listen: M85
Sense
2
:
to know how to, be able to (learned skill)
verb, intransitive Used with the skill as subject and the knower marked with को (ko): मुझे हिंदी आती है (mujhe hindii aatii hai, 'I know Hindi'). The verb agrees with the skill, not with the person.
Synonyms: जानना (jaannaa, to know facts, not skills)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the classic dative-subject frame: Hindi treats knowing a skill as something that 'comes to' you rather than something you 'do,' the same logic behind नींद आना (niind aanaa) and पसंद आना (pasand aanaa). Ask someone आपको हिंदी आती है? (aapko hindii aatii hai?, 'do you know Hindi?') and you'll hear this constantly.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often mark the knower with ने (ne) by analogy with other verbs; this sense always takes को (ko), never ने (ne). 2) The verb agrees with the skill (हिंदी आती है (hindii aatii hai)), not with the person who knows it -- a common gender/number slip.
Sample Sentences:
मुझे गाड़ी चलानी नहीं आती।
I don't know how to drive.
(mujhe gaadii chalaanii nahiin aatii।)
Listen: F85
उसे खाना बनाना बहुत अच्छे से आता था।
She used to know how to cook very well.
(use khaanaa banaanaa bahut achchhe se aataa thaa।)
Listen: F85
अगर मुझे सिलाई आती तो मैं अपने कपड़े खुद बनाती।
If I knew how to sew, I would make my own clothes.
(agar mujhe silaaii aatii to main apne kapde khud banaatii।)
Listen: F85
काश मुझे भी गिटार बजाना आता।
I wish I knew how to play the guitar too.
(kaash mujhe bhii gitaar bajaanaa aataa।)
Listen: F85
शायद उसे यह काम आता हो।
Maybe he knows how to do this work.
(shaayad use yah kaam aataa ho।)
Listen: F85
जब तक तुम्हें बुनियादी हिसाब नहीं आएगा, यह नौकरी मुश्किल होगी।
Until you know basic arithmetic, this job will be difficult.
(jab tak tumhen buniyaadii hisaab nahiin aaegaa, yah naukrii mushkil hogii।)
Listen: F85
साहब, मुझे अंग्रेज़ी टाइपिंग बहुत अच्छे से आती है।
Sir, I know English typing very well.
(saahab, mujhe angrezii taaiping bahut achchhe se aatii hai।)
Listen: F85
मुझे कुछ नहीं आता, यार, मुझसे मत पूछो।
I don't know anything, man, don't ask me.
(mujhe kuchh nahiin aataa, yaar, mujhse mat poochho।)
Listen: M85
जिन विद्यार्थियों को कोडिंग आती है, वे इस प्रोजेक्ट में मदद करें।
Students who know coding should help with this project.
(jin vidyaarthiyon ko koding aatii hai, ve is projekt men madad karen।)
Listen: M85
Sense
3
:
to occur, arise (of feelings, states, ideas -- involuntary experience)
verb, intransitive Forms fixed pairings with abstract nouns where the experiencer is marked with को (ko) and the noun is the grammatical subject: गुस्सा आना (gussaa aanaa, 'to get angry'), याद आना (yaad aanaa, 'to come to mind'), नींद आना (niind aanaa, 'to feel sleepy'), डर आना (dar aanaa, 'to feel afraid').
Synonyms: उठना (uthnaa, to arise, of emotions)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is Hindi's 'body/mind as receiver' logic in full force -- feelings and states are treated as visitors that arrive at you rather than actions you perform, which is why मुझे गुस्सा आया (mujhe gussaa aayaa, 'I got angry') literally reads as 'anger came to me.' Once this clicks, dozens of common expressions suddenly make sense together.
Common Mistakes: 1) English speakers instinctively want to be the subject ('I remember,' 'I feel sleepy') and use ने (ne) or make themselves the agent; Hindi makes the feeling itself the subject and the person merely the को (ko)-marked experiencer, so word order and agreement follow the emotion, not the person.
Sample Sentences:
उसे अपने दादा की याद आती है।
She misses her grandfather.
(use apne daadaa kii yaad aatii hai।)
Listen: M85
क्या तुम्हें कभी शर्म नहीं आती?
Don't you ever feel ashamed?
(kyaa tumhen kabhii sharm nahiin aatii?)
Listen: M85
यह सुनकर उसे बड़ा दुख आया।
Hearing this, he felt great sorrow.
(yah sunkar use badaa dukh aayaa।)
Listen: F85
अगर उसे पहले पता होता तो उसे इतना डर नहीं आता।
If she had known earlier, she wouldn't have felt so scared.
(agar use pahle pataa hotaa to use itnaa dar nahiin aataa।)
Listen: M85
काश मुझे उस पर तरस न आता।
I wish I didn't feel pity for him.
(kaash mujhe us par taras n aataa।)
Listen: M85
बच्चों को अक्सर अजनबियों से डर आता है।
Children often feel afraid of strangers.
(bachchon ko aksar ajanbiyon se dar aataa hai।)
Listen: F85
मुझे उसकी बातों पर हँसी आ गई।
I ended up laughing at what he said.
(mujhe uskii baaton par hansii aa gaii।)
Listen: M85
इतनी गंदगी देखकर घिन आती है।
Seeing so much filth makes one feel disgusted.
(itnii gandgii dekhkar ghin aatii hai।)
Listen: M85
जब उसने सच्चाई सुनी, तो उसे चक्कर आ गया।
When she heard the truth, she felt dizzy.
(jab usne sachchaaii sunii, to use chakkar aa gayaa।)
Listen: F85
Sense
4
:
to appear, occur (in writing, exams, lists, etc.)
verb, intransitive
Synonyms: दिखना (dikhnaa, to appear visually)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Students use this constantly about exams: यह सवाल पेपर में आया (yah savaal pepar men aayaa, 'this question came up in the paper') -- a very common bit of exam-season chatter across Indian schools and colleges.
Sample Sentences:
यह सवाल पिछले साल भी पेपर में आया था।
This question had come up in the paper last year too.
(yah savaal pichhle saal bhii pepar men aayaa thaa।)
Listen: M85
इस चैप्टर से हर साल कोई न कोई सवाल आता है।
Some question or the other comes up from this chapter every year.
(is chaiptar se har saal koii n koii savaal aataa hai।)
Listen: F85
मेरा नाम मेरिट लिस्ट में आया है।
My name has appeared on the merit list.
(meraa naam merit list men aayaa hai।)
Listen: M85
क्या इस बार का सिलेबस पूरा पेपर में आएगा?
Will this time's whole syllabus come up in the paper?
(kyaa is baar kaa silebas pooraa pepar men aaegaa?)
Listen: F85
अखबार में आज मेरी खबर आई है।
My news has appeared in the newspaper today.
(akhbaar men aaj merii khabar aaii hai।)
Listen: M85
काश यह टॉपिक भी पेपर में आता।
I wish this topic had come up in the paper too.
(kaash yah topik bhii pepar men aataa।)
Listen: M85
अगर मेरा नाम लिस्ट में आ जाए तो मैं मिठाई बांटूंगा।
If my name comes up on the list, I'll distribute sweets.
(agar meraa naam list men aa jaae to main mithaaii baantoongaa।)
Listen: F85
यह शब्द किताब के हर पन्ने पर आता है।
This word appears on every page of the book.
(yah shabd kitaab ke har panne par aataa hai।)
Listen: F85
उम्मीद है इस बार निबंध वाला सवाल न आए।
I hope the essay question doesn't come up this time.
(ummiid hai is baar nibandh vaalaa savaal n aae।)
Listen: F85
परिणाम में उसका रोल नंबर सबसे ऊपर आया।
Her roll number appeared at the very top in the results.
(parinaam men uskaa rol nambar sabse oopar aayaa।)
Listen: F85
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
आना
(aanaa)
infinitive oblique:
आने
(aane)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
आता
(aataa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
आते
(aate)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
आती
(aatii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
आतीं
(aatiin)
continuous (sg.m):
आ रहा
(aa rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
आ रहे
(aa rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
आ रही
(aa rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
आ रहीं
(aa rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
आया
(aayaa)
perfective (pl.m):
आए
(aae)
perfective (sg.f):
आई
(aaii)
perfective (pl.f):
आईं
(aaiin)
imperative (informal):
आ
(aa)
imperative (neutral):
आओ
(aao)
imperative (formal):
आइए
(aaie)
future (1sg.m):
आऊँगा
(aaoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
आऊँगी
(aaoongii)
future (1pl.m):
आएँगे
(aaenge)
future (1pl.f):
आएँगी
(aaengii)
future (2sg.m):
आएगा
(aaegaa)
future (2sg.f):
आएगी
(aaegii)
future (2pl.m):
आओगे
(aaoge)
future (2pl.f):
आओगी
(aaogii)
future (3sg.m):
आएगा
(aaegaa)
future (3sg.f):
आएगी
(aaegii)
future (3pl.m):
आएँगे
(aaenge)
future (3pl.f):
आएँगी
(aaengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
आऊँ
(aaoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
आएँ
(aaen)
subjunctive (2sg):
आए
(aae)
subjunctive (2pl):
आओ
(aao)
subjunctive (3sg):
आए
(aae)
subjunctive (3pl):
आएँ
(aaen)