पढ़ाना (padhaanaa)
verb
The causative of पढ़ना (padhnaa, 'to read/study') -- it means 'to teach' or 'to cause someone to study/read'. One core sense, used constantly for tutoring, teaching in school, and coaching.
Sense
1
:
to teach
verb, transitive Takes two objects in practice: the person taught (often को-marked) and the subject taught (e.g. बच्चों को हिंदी पढ़ाना (bachchon ko hindii padhaanaa, 'to teach the children Hindi')).
Synonyms: सिखाना (sikhaanaa, focuses on skills rather than academic subjects), शिक्षा देना (shikshaa denaa, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: In India, being asked क्या करते हैं आप? (kyaa karte hain aap?, 'What do you do?') and answering मैं पढ़ाता हूँ (main padhaataa hoon, 'I teach') is a common and respected reply -- teaching, whether in a school or as private ट्यूशन (tyooshan, 'tuition/coaching'), carries real social status. Note the family resemblance to पढ़ना (padhnaa, 'to read/study') and पढ़ाई (padhaaii, 'studies') -- all three share the same root.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners confuse पढ़ाना (padhaanaa) with सिखाना (sikhaanaa): पढ़ाना (padhaanaa) is used for teaching academic subjects or formal lessons (गणित पढ़ाना (ganit padhaanaa, 'to teach math')), while सिखाना (sikhaanaa) is for teaching a skill or how to do something (साइकिल चलाना सिखाना (saaikil chalaanaa sikhaanaa, 'to teach cycling')). 2) Because it's grammatically the causative of पढ़ना (padhnaa, 'to read'), learners sometimes translate it literally as 'to make read' -- in everyday speech it simply means 'to teach', full stop.
Sample Sentences:
मैं स्कूल में बच्चों को पढ़ाता हूँ।
I teach children at school.
(main skool men bachchon ko padhaataa hoon।)
क्या करते हैं आप? मैं पढ़ाता हूँ।
What do you do? I teach.
(kyaa karte hain aap? main padhaataa hoon।)
वह इस समय हमें गणित पढ़ा रही है।
She is teaching us math right now.
(vah is samay hamen ganit padhaa rahii hai।)
पिछले साल उन्होंने हमें इतिहास पढ़ाया था।
Last year he taught us history.
(pichhle saal unhonne hamen itihaas padhaayaa thaa।)
क्या तुम मुझे थोड़ा अंग्रेज़ी पढ़ा सकते हो?
Can you teach me a little English?
(kyaa tum mujhe thodaa angrezii padhaa sakte ho?)
अगले साल मैं कॉलेज में फिज़िक्स पढ़ाऊँगा।
Next year I will teach physics at college.
(agle saal main kolej men phiziks padhaaoongaa।)
बच्चों को धीरे-धीरे पढ़ाओ, जल्दी मत करो।
Teach the children slowly, don't rush.
(bachchon ko dhiire-dhiire padhaao, jaldii mat karo।)
अगर उसे मौका मिलता तो वह गाँव के बच्चों को पढ़ाता।
If he got the chance, he would teach the village children.
(agar use maukaa miltaa to vah gaanv ke bachchon ko padhaataa।)
मैं चाहता हूँ कि तुम मुझे संगीत पढ़ाओ।
I want you to teach me music.
(main chaahtaa hoon ki tum mujhe sangiit padhaao।)
इस स्कूल में हिंदी बड़े प्यार से पढ़ाई जाती है।
Hindi is taught with great affection in this school.
(is skool men hindii bade pyaar se padhaaii jaatii hai।)
रिटायरमेंट के बाद भी वे बच्चों को मुफ्त में पढ़ाते रहे।
Even after retirement, he kept teaching children for free.
(ritaayarment ke baad bhii ve bachchon ko mupht men padhaate rahe।)
वह ट्यूशन पढ़ाकर अपना खर्चा निकालती है।
She covers her expenses by teaching tuition.
(vah tyooshan padhaakar apnaa kharchaa nikaaltii hai।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
पढ़ाना
(padhaanaa)
infinitive oblique:
पढ़ाने
(padhaane)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
पढ़ाता
(padhaataa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
पढ़ाते
(padhaate)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
पढ़ाती
(padhaatii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
पढ़ातीं
(padhaatiin)
continuous (sg.m):
पढ़ा रहा
(padhaa rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
पढ़ा रहे
(padhaa rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
पढ़ा रही
(padhaa rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
पढ़ा रहीं
(padhaa rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
पढ़ाया
(padhaayaa)
perfective (pl.m):
पढ़ाए
(padhaae)
perfective (sg.f):
पढ़ाई
(padhaaii)
perfective (pl.f):
पढ़ाईं
(padhaaiin)
imperative (informal):
पढ़ा
(padhaa)
imperative (neutral):
पढ़ाओ
(padhaao)
imperative (formal):
पढ़ाइए
(padhaaie)
future (1sg.m):
पढ़ाऊँगा
(padhaaoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
पढ़ाऊँगी
(padhaaoongii)
future (1pl.m):
पढ़ाएँगे
(padhaaenge)
future (1pl.f):
पढ़ाएँगी
(padhaaengii)
future (2sg.m):
पढ़ाएगा
(padhaaegaa)
future (2sg.f):
पढ़ाएगी
(padhaaegii)
future (2pl.m):
पढ़ाओगे
(padhaaoge)
future (2pl.f):
पढ़ाओगी
(padhaaogii)
future (3sg.m):
पढ़ाएगा
(padhaaegaa)
future (3sg.f):
पढ़ाएगी
(padhaaegii)
future (3pl.m):
पढ़ाएँगे
(padhaaenge)
future (3pl.f):
पढ़ाएँगी
(padhaaengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
पढ़ाऊँ
(padhaaoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
पढ़ाएँ
(padhaaen)
subjunctive (2sg):
पढ़ाए
(padhaae)
subjunctive (2pl):
पढ़ाओ
(padhaao)
subjunctive (3sg):
पढ़ाए
(padhaae)
subjunctive (3pl):
पढ़ाएँ
(padhaaen)