भरना (bharnaa)
verb
A versatile verb centered on the idea of filling or becoming full: literally filling a container (transitive) or something filling up/becoming full on its own (intransitive), extending to paying dues or fees, and to time 'filling up' i.e. elapsing.
Sense
1
:
to fill (something) with something
verb, transitive Takes से (se) for the filling material: गिलास पानी से भरना (gilaas paanii se bharnaa, 'to fill the glass with water').
Synonyms: भर देना (bhar denaa, compound-verb form)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Think of a mother telling a child पेट भर के खाओ (pet bhar ke khaao, 'eat until your stomach is full') -- भरना (bharnaa) is the verb behind that everyday image of filling up.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often try को (ko) for the material instead of से (se); say पानी से भरना (paanii se bharnaa), not पानी को भरना (paanii ko bharnaa).
Sample Sentences:
माँ रोज़ मेरा टिफ़िन खाने से भरती है।
Mom fills my tiffin with food every day.
(maan roz meraa tifin khaane se bhartii hai।)
वह अभी बोतल पानी से भर रहा है।
He is filling the bottle with water right now.
(vah abhii botal paanii se bhar rahaa hai।)
उसने घड़े को दूध से भर दिया।
He filled the pitcher with milk.
(usne ghade ko doodh se bhar diyaa।)
पेट भर के खाओ, फिर मत कहना कि भूख लगी है।
Eat until your stomach is full, don't say later that you're hungry.
(pet bhar ke khaao, phir mat kahnaa ki bhookh lagii hai।)
टंकी को कल तक पानी से भर दिया जाएगा।
The tank will be filled with water by tomorrow.
(tankii ko kal tak paanii se bhar diyaa jaaegaa।)
अगर तुम गुब्बारे हवा से भरो तो पार्टी और मज़ेदार लगेगी।
If you fill the balloons with air, the party will feel more fun.
(agar tum gubbaare havaa se bharo to paartii aur mazedaar lagegii।)
काश वह अपनी थाली खुद भर लेता, मुझे बार-बार उठना नहीं पड़ता।
If only he filled his own plate, I wouldn't have to get up again and again.
(kaash vah apnii thaalii khud bhar letaa, mujhe baar-baar uthnaa nahiin padtaa।)
सैनिकों ने बोरियों को रेत से भरा और मोर्चा तैयार किया।
The soldiers filled the sacks with sand and prepared the front.
(sainikon ne boriyon ko ret se bharaa aur morchaa taiyaar kiyaa।)
कवि ने अपनी कविता में यह पंक्ति लिखी कि प्रेम से भरा हृदय कभी खाली नहीं होता।
The poet wrote in his poem that a heart filled with love is never empty.
(kavi ne apnii kavitaa men yah pankti likhii ki prem se bharaa hriday kabhii khaalii nahiin hotaa।)
बच्चे ने अपनी बाल्टी रंगों से भर दी थी।
The child had filled his bucket with colors.
(bachche ne apnii baaltii rangon se bhar dii thii।)
कृपया इस बर्तन को तेल से भरें, फिर स्टोव पर रखें।
Please fill this pot with oil, then put it on the stove.
(kripyaa is bartan ko tel se bharen, phir stov par rakhen।)
Sense
2
:
to become full, to fill up (on its own)
verb, intransitive The intransitive counterpart: the container or space itself is the subject, e.g. कमरा धुएँ से भर गया (kamraa dhuen se bhar gayaa, 'the room filled up with smoke').
Synonyms: भर जाना (bhar jaanaa, compound-verb form)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Eyes welling up with tears is often described this way: आँखें भर आईं (aankhen bhar aaiin, 'her eyes welled up') -- the emotion is framed as something that happens to the eyes, not something the person actively does.
Common Mistakes: 1) Because the transitive and intransitive forms look almost identical in the dictionary, learners sometimes force an object onto this sense; here the thing that fills is the grammatical subject, not an object.
Sample Sentences:
बारिश में गड्ढे पानी से भर गए।
The potholes filled up with water in the rain.
(baarish men gaddhe paanii se bhar gae।)
उसकी बात सुनकर मेरी आँखें भर आईं।
Hearing what she said, my eyes welled up with tears.
(uskii baat sunkar merii aankhen bhar aaiin।)
मानसून में नदी हर साल भर जाती है।
The river fills up every year during the monsoon.
(maansoon men nadii har saal bhar jaatii hai।)
कमरा धुएँ से भर रहा था।
The room was filling up with smoke.
(kamraa dhuen se bhar rahaa thaa।)
अगर तुम यह कहानी सुनोगे तो शायद तुम्हारी आँखें भी भर आएँ।
If you hear this story, maybe your eyes will well up too.
(agar tum yah kahaanii sunoge to shaayad tumhaarii aankhen bhii bhar aaen।)
बर्तन इतनी जल्दी भर जाता है कि हैरानी होती है।
The vessel fills up so quickly that it's astonishing.
(bartan itnii jaldii bhar jaataa hai ki hairaanii hotii hai।)
अगर बादल ऐसे ही बरसते तो तालाब भी भर जाता।
If the clouds had kept raining like this, the pond would have filled up too.
(agar baadal aise hii baraste to taalaab bhii bhar jaataa।)
दुख की बात सुनते ही उसका गला भर आया।
As soon as he heard the sad news, his throat choked up.
(dukh kii baat sunte hii uskaa galaa bhar aayaa।)
स्टेडियम धीरे-धीरे लोगों से भरता जा रहा था।
The stadium was gradually filling up with people.
(stediyam dhiire-dhiire logon se bhartaa jaa rahaa thaa।)
बारिश रुकते ही नाला फिर से भर जाएगा।
As soon as the rain stops, the drain will fill up again.
(baarish rukte hii naalaa phir se bhar jaaegaa।)
उसकी तारीफ सुनकर मन खुशी से भर गया।
Hearing his praise, my heart filled up with joy.
(uskii taariiph sunkar man khushii se bhar gayaa।)
Sense
3
:
to pay (a fee, fine, tax, installment)
verb, transitive Common with फीस (phiis), जुर्माना (jurmaanaa), टैक्स (taiks), किस्त (kist) as objects.
Synonyms: जमा करना (jamaa karnaa, for deposits/fees), चुकाना (chukaanaa, for dues/debts)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this constantly around school admissions and utility bills: फीस भरना (phiis bharnaa, 'to pay the fee') or बिल भरना (bil bharnaa, 'to pay the bill') is the everyday phrase, more common in speech than the more formal चुकाना (chukaanaa).
Sample Sentences:
मुझे कल स्कूल की फीस भरनी है।
I have to pay the school fee tomorrow.
(mujhe kal skool kii phiis bharnii hai।)
हर महीने बिजली का बिल भरना पड़ता है।
Every month, one has to pay the electricity bill.
(har mahiine bijlii kaa bil bharnaa padtaa hai।)
उसने पिछले हफ्ते गाड़ी का चालान भर दिया।
He paid off the car's traffic fine last week.
(usne pichhle haphte gaadii kaa chaalaan bhar diyaa।)
फीस भर दो, वरना नाम कट जाएगा।
Pay the fee, otherwise your name will be struck off.
(phiis bhar do, varnaa naam kat jaaegaa।)
अगर वह समय पर किस्त भरता तो जुर्माना नहीं लगता।
If he had paid the installment on time, there would have been no penalty.
(agar vah samay par kist bhartaa to jurmaanaa nahiin lagtaa।)
हो सकता है कि उसे सारा टैक्स एक साथ भरना पड़े।
It's possible that he might have to pay the entire tax at once.
(ho saktaa hai ki use saaraa taiks ek saath bharnaa pade।)
यह जुर्माना नकद में भरा जाना चाहिए।
This fine should be paid in cash.
(yah jurmaanaa nakad men bharaa jaanaa chaahie।)
सभी करदाताओं द्वारा समय पर टैक्स भरा गया।
The tax was paid on time by all the taxpayers.
(sabhii kardaataaon dvaaraa samay par taiks bharaa gayaa।)
मैं अगले हफ्ते तक बकाया किराया भर दूँगा।
I will pay off the pending rent by next week.
(main agle haphte tak bakaayaa kiraayaa bhar doongaa।)
वह हर साल जुर्माना भरते-भरते तंग आ गया है।
He has grown fed up with paying the fine every single year.
(vah har saal jurmaanaa bharte-bharte tang aa gayaa hai।)
कृपया काउंटर पर जाकर अपनी फीस भरें।
Please go to the counter and pay your fee.
(kripyaa kaauntar par jaakar apnii phiis bharen।)
Sense
4
:
to fill out (a form)
verb, transitive Used with फॉर्म (phorm) or आवेदन (aavedan) as the object; a natural extension of the literal 'fill' sense.
Synonyms: भरना (bharnaa)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: फॉर्म भरना (phorm bharnaa, 'to fill out a form') is the phrase every Indian student and job-seeker knows by heart, from exam applications to government paperwork.
Sample Sentences:
कृपया यह फॉर्म भरिए।
Please fill out this form.
(kripyaa yah phorm bharie।)
मैंने कल एडमिशन फॉर्म भरा।
I filled out the admission form yesterday.
(mainne kal edmishan phorm bharaa।)
वह हर साल इनकम टैक्स का फॉर्म भरती है।
She fills out the income tax form every year.
(vah har saal inkam taiks kaa phorm bhartii hai।)
मैं अभी नौकरी के लिए ऑनलाइन फॉर्म भर रहा हूँ।
I am filling out the online job application form right now.
(main abhii naukrii ke lie onlaain phorm bhar rahaa hoon।)
अगर मुझे स्कॉलरशिप चाहिए, तो मुझे यह फॉर्म भरना होगा।
If I want the scholarship, I will have to fill out this form.
(agar mujhe skolarship chaahie, to mujhe yah phorm bharnaa hogaa।)
क्या तुमने परीक्षा का फॉर्म भर दिया?
Did you fill out the exam form?
(kyaa tumne pariikshaa kaa phorm bhar diyaa?)
यह फॉर्म आवेदक द्वारा स्वयं भरा जाना चाहिए।
This form should be filled out by the applicant himself.
(yah phorm aavedak dvaaraa svayan bharaa jaanaa chaahie।)
अगर मुझे पता होता कि फॉर्म आज भरना है, तो मैं समय पर आ जाता।
If I had known the form had to be filled out today, I would have come on time.
(agar mujhe pataa hotaa ki phorm aaj bharnaa hai, to main samay par aa jaataa।)
बच्चे के स्कूल में दाखिले का फॉर्म पापा ने भरा था।
Dad had filled out the child's school admission form.
(bachche ke skool men daakhile kaa phorm paapaa ne bharaa thaa।)
सर, यह वाला कॉलम भी भर दीजिए।
Sir, please fill in this column too.
(sar, yah vaalaa kolam bhii bhar diijie।)
उम्मीदवारों से अनुरोध है कि सभी विवरण सही-सही भरें।
Candidates are requested to fill in all the details correctly.
(ummiidvaaron se anurodh hai ki sabhii vivran sahii-sahii bharen।)
Sense
5
:
(of time) to elapse, to be up
verb, intransitive Time itself is the subject: समय भर गया (samay bhar gayaa, 'time is up'), मियाद भरना (miyaad bharnaa, 'for a term/sentence to be up').
Synonyms: गुजरना (gujarnaa, of time passing), पूरा होना (pooraa honaa, for a term/period being complete)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You will hear this in the context of a prison sentence or a fixed term: उसकी सज़ा की मियाद भर गई (uskii sazaa kii miyaad bhar gaii, 'his sentence term is up') -- time is imagined as a vessel that gradually fills.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners familiar only with the 'fill container' sense are surprised to see this used with abstract time nouns like समय (samay) or मियाद (miyaad) with no container in sight.
Sample Sentences:
उसकी सज़ा की मियाद भर गई
His sentence term is up.
(uskii sazaa kii miyaad bhar gaii)
जेल में उसकी मियाद अगले महीने भर जाएगी
His term in jail will be up next month.
(jel men uskii miyaad agle mahiine bhar jaaegii)
जब उसकी सज़ा की मियाद भरती है, तो उसे रिहा कर दिया जाता है
When his sentence term is up, he is released.
(jab uskii sazaa kii miyaad bhartii hai, to use rihaa kar diyaa jaataa hai)
कैदी की मियाद भरने ही वाली थी कि नई शिकायत दर्ज हो गई
The prisoner's term was just about to be up when a new complaint was filed.
(kaidii kii miyaad bharne hii vaalii thii ki naii shikaayat darj ho gaii)
काश उसकी मियाद जल्दी भर जाती
If only his term would end soon.
(kaash uskii miyaad jaldii bhar jaatii)
अगर उसकी मियाद तब तक भर गई होती, तो वह अब तक बाहर होता
If his term had been up by then, he would have been out by now.
(agar uskii miyaad tab tak bhar gaii hotii, to vah ab tak baahar hotaa)
अदालत के अनुसार उसकी हिरासत की मियाद कल भर जाएगी
According to the court, his custody term will be up tomorrow.
(adaalat ke anusaar uskii hiraasat kii miyaad kal bhar jaaegii)
उसकी मियाद भरे बिना उसे कैसे छोड़ा जा सकता है
How can he be released without his term being up?
(uskii miyaad bhare binaa use kaise chhodaa jaa saktaa hai)
मियाद भर जाने पर कैदियों को रिहाई का पत्र दिया जाता है
When the term is up, prisoners are given a release letter.
(miyaad bhar jaane par kaidiyon ko rihaaii kaa patr diyaa jaataa hai)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
भरना
(bharnaa)
infinitive oblique:
भरने
(bharne)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
भरता
(bhartaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
भरते
(bharte)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
भरती
(bhartii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
भरतीं
(bhartiin)
continuous (sg.m):
भर रहा
(bhar rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
भर रहे
(bhar rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
भर रही
(bhar rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
भर रहीं
(bhar rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
भरा
(bharaa)
perfective (pl.m):
भरे
(bhare)
perfective (sg.f):
भरी
(bharii)
perfective (pl.f):
भरीं
(bhariin)
imperative (informal):
भर
(bhar)
imperative (neutral):
भरो
(bharo)
imperative (formal):
भरिए
(bharie)
future (1sg.m):
भरूँगा
(bharoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
भरूँगी
(bharoongii)
future (1pl.m):
भरेंगे
(bharenge)
future (1pl.f):
भरेंगी
(bharengii)
future (2sg.m):
भरेगा
(bharegaa)
future (2sg.f):
भरेगी
(bharegii)
future (2pl.m):
भरोगे
(bharoge)
future (2pl.f):
भरोगी
(bharogii)
future (3sg.m):
भरेगा
(bharegaa)
future (3sg.f):
भरेगी
(bharegii)
future (3pl.m):
भरेंगे
(bharenge)
future (3pl.f):
भरेंगी
(bharengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
भरूँ
(bharoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
भरें
(bharen)
subjunctive (2sg):
भरे
(bhare)
subjunctive (2pl):
भरो
(bharo)
subjunctive (3sg):
भरे
(bhare)
subjunctive (3pl):
भरें
(bharen)