डराना (daraanaa)
verb
The causative of डरना (darnaa, 'to be afraid'): डराना (daraanaa) means 'to scare, to frighten someone.' One straightforward transitive sense.
Sense
1
:
to scare, to frighten
verb, transitive
Synonyms: भयभीत करना (bhaybhiit karnaa, formal), धमकाना (dhamkaanaa, to threaten/intimidate rather than simply scare)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is a classic causative pair: डरना (darnaa) 'to fear' becomes डराना (daraanaa) 'to make fear/scare' by the -आना (-aanaa) causative pattern, the same mechanism you see in सोना (sonaa) to सुलाना (sulaanaa) or बैठना (baithnaa) to बैठाना (baithaanaa). You'll hear it a lot from parents and grandparents scolding kids playfully with 'भूत आ जायेगा, मत डराओ अपने भाई को' (bhoot aa jaayegaa, mat daraao apne bhaaii ko, 'the ghost will come, don't scare your brother') -- ghost stories are a classic Indian household tool for this verb.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes confuse डराना (daraanaa) with डरना (darnaa) itself -- remember डरना (darnaa) is what the frightened person does ('मैं डरता हूँ' main dartaa hoon, 'I am afraid'), while डराना (daraanaa) is what the frightener does to someone else ('वह मुझे डराता है' vah mujhe daraataa hai, 'he scares me'). 2) The person being scared takes को (ko), not से (se) -- 'बच्चे को डराना' (bachche ko daraanaa, 'to scare the child'), not 'बच्चे से'.
Sample Sentences:
बच्चे भूतों की कहानियों से एक-दूसरे को डराते हैं।
Children scare each other with ghost stories.
(bachche bhooton kii kahaaniyon se ek-doosre ko daraate hain।)
मत डराओ अपने भाई को, वो अभी सो जायेगा।
Don't scare your brother, he's about to fall asleep.
(mat daraao apne bhaaii ko, vo abhii so jaayegaa।)
भूत आ जायेगा, मत डराओ अपने भाई को।
The ghost will come, don't scare your brother.
(bhoot aa jaayegaa, mat daraao apne bhaaii ko।)
उसने अचानक पीछे से आकर मुझे डरा दिया।
He suddenly came from behind and scared me.
(usne achaanak piichhe se aakar mujhe daraa diyaa।)
टीचर बच्चों को डरा-डरा कर पढ़ाई करवाती है, जो मुझे अच्छा नहीं लगता।
The teacher gets the children to study by constantly scaring them, which I don't like.
(tiichar bachchon ko daraa-daraa kar padhaaii karvaatii hai, jo mujhe achchhaa nahiin lagtaa।)
अगर तुम उसे इस तरह डराते रहोगे, तो वह अकेले सोने से डरने लगेगा।
If you keep scaring him like this, he will start being afraid to sleep alone.
(agar tum use is tarah daraate rahoge, to vah akele sone se darne lagegaa।)
क्या तुम मुझे डराने की कोशिश कर रहे हो?
Are you trying to scare me?
(kyaa tum mujhe daraane kii koshish kar rahe ho?)
सरकार को नागरिकों को डराने के बजाय उनका विश्वास जीतना चाहिए।
Instead of frightening citizens, the government should win their trust.
(sarkaar ko naagrikon ko daraane ke bajaay unkaa vishvaas jiitnaa chaahie।)
अगर मैं मुखौटा पहनकर आता, तो शायद तुम्हें और डराता।
If I had come wearing a mask, I would probably have scared you even more.
(agar main mukhautaa pahankar aataa, to shaayad tumhen aur daraataa।)
बच्चों को छोटी उम्र में जानवरों से डराया नहीं जाना चाहिए।
Children should not be frightened by animals at a young age.
(bachchon ko chhotii umr men jaanavron se daraayaa nahiin jaanaa chaahie।)
आतंकवादी लोगों को डराकर अपना मकसद पूरा करना चाहते हैं।
Terrorists want to achieve their purpose by frightening people.
(aatankvaadii logon ko daraakar apnaa maksad pooraa karnaa chaahte hain।)
उस रात सन्नाटे में हर परछाईं मुझे डरा रही थी।
That night, in the silence, every shadow was frightening me.
(us raat sannaate men har parchhaaiin mujhe daraa rahii thii।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
डराना
(daraanaa)
infinitive oblique:
डराने
(daraane)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
डराता
(daraataa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
डराते
(daraate)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
डराती
(daraatii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
डरातीं
(daraatiin)
continuous (sg.m):
डरा रहा
(daraa rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
डरा रहे
(daraa rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
डरा रही
(daraa rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
डरा रहीं
(daraa rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
डराया
(daraayaa)
perfective (pl.m):
डराए
(daraae)
perfective (sg.f):
डराई
(daraaii)
perfective (pl.f):
डराईं
(daraaiin)
imperative (informal):
डरा
(daraa)
imperative (neutral):
डराओ
(daraao)
imperative (formal):
डराइए
(daraaie)
future (1sg.m):
डराऊँगा
(daraaoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
डराऊँगी
(daraaoongii)
future (1pl.m):
डराएँगे
(daraaenge)
future (1pl.f):
डराएँगी
(daraaengii)
future (2sg.m):
डराएगा
(daraaegaa)
future (2sg.f):
डराएगी
(daraaegii)
future (2pl.m):
डराओगे
(daraaoge)
future (2pl.f):
डराओगी
(daraaogii)
future (3sg.m):
डराएगा
(daraaegaa)
future (3sg.f):
डराएगी
(daraaegii)
future (3pl.m):
डराएँगे
(daraaenge)
future (3pl.f):
डराएँगी
(daraaengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
डराऊँ
(daraaoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
डराएँ
(daraaen)
subjunctive (2sg):
डराए
(daraae)
subjunctive (2pl):
डराओ
(daraao)
subjunctive (3sg):
डराए
(daraae)
subjunctive (3pl):
डराएँ
(daraaen)