अदा करना (adaa karnaa)

verb A compound verb meaning to pay off or discharge something owed -- money, a debt, or an obligation/duty. Built from the noun अदा (adaa, 'discharge, payment') plus करना (karnaa, 'to do').
Sense 1 : to pay (money owed)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: चुकाना (chukaanaa), भुगतान करना (bhugtaan karnaa, formal)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You will see this constantly on utility bills and bank slips -- बिल अदा करें (bil adaa karen, 'please pay the bill') -- and in news reports about loans or fines. It has a slightly official, paperwork flavor rather than the tone of someone paying for chai at a stall.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for देना (denaa) here, but अदा करना (adaa karnaa) specifically frames the payment as settling something owed -- a bill, fee, or fine -- not just handing money over. 2) It sounds notably more formal than चुकाना (chukaanaa); in casual bazaar talk, चुकाना (chukaanaa) is far more natural for everyday shopping payments.
Sample Sentences:
कृपया समय पर अपना बिल अदा करें। Please pay your bill on time.
(kripyaa samay par apnaa bil adaa karen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उसने बैंक का पूरा कर्ज़ अदा कर दिया। He paid off the bank's entire loan.
(usne baink kaa pooraa karz adaa kar diyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कंपनी हर महीने कर्मचारियों की तनख्वाह अदा करती है। The company pays employees' salaries every month.
(kampnii har mahiine karmchaariyon kii tanakhvaah adaa kartii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम जुर्माना अदा नहीं करोगे तो मामला अदालत में जाएगा। If you don't pay the fine, the matter will go to court.
(agar tum jurmaanaa adaa nahiin karoge to maamlaa adaalat men jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
टैक्स समय पर अदा किया जाना चाहिए। Tax should be paid on time.
(taiks samay par adaa kiyaa jaanaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
बकाया राशि पिछले हफ्ते ही अदा कर दी गई थी। The outstanding amount had already been paid last week.
(bakaayaa raashi pichhle haphte hii adaa kar dii gaii thii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
अगर उसके पास पैसे होते तो वह किराया अदा कर देता। If he had had the money, he would have paid the rent.
(agar uske paas paise hote to vah kiraayaa adaa kar detaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
मैं चाहता हूँ कि सभी किस्तें समय पर अदा की जाएँ। I want all the installments to be paid on time.
(main chaahtaa hoon ki sabhii kisten samay par adaa kii jaaen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
बिजली का बिल अदा करते हुए उसे लाइन में एक घंटा लग गया। While paying the electricity bill, he ended up standing in line for an hour.
(bijlii kaa bil adaa karte hue use laain men ek ghantaa lag gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
सभी बकायेदारों को नोटिस भेजा गया है कि वे तुरंत राशि अदा करें। Notices have been sent to all defaulters that they should pay the amount immediately.
(sabhii bakaayedaaron ko notis bhejaa gayaa hai ki ve turant raashi adaa karen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
Sense 2 : to perform/discharge a duty or obligation
verb, transitive Commonly used with फ़र्ज़ (farz, 'duty') or ज़िम्मेदारी (zimmedaarii, 'responsibility') as the object, e.g. फ़र्ज़ अदा करना (farz adaa karnaa, 'to do one's duty').
Synonyms: निभाना (nibhaanaa), पूरा करना (pooraa karnaa)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This sense shows up in solemn or reflective speech -- a father telling his son to अपना फ़र्ज़ अदा करो (apnaa farz adaa karo, 'do your duty'), or in devotional and patriotic contexts about duty to family, nation, or faith.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes treat this as interchangeable with निभाना (nibhaanaa) in all contexts, but अदा करना (adaa karnaa) leans toward completing or discharging an obligation once and for all, while निभाना (nibhaanaa) suggests an ongoing, sustained carrying-out of a role.
Sample Sentences:
हर नागरिक को अपना फ़र्ज़ अदा करना चाहिए। Every citizen should fulfill their duty.
(har naagrik ko apnaa farz adaa karnaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बेटा, अपना फ़र्ज़ अदा करो, बाकी सब भगवान पर छोड़ दो। Son, do your duty, leave the rest to God.
(betaa, apnaa farz adaa karo, baakii sab bhagvaan par chhod do।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उसने अपने पिता के अंतिम संस्कार का फ़र्ज़ अदा किया। He performed the duty of his father's last rites.
(usne apne pitaa ke antim sanskaar kaa farz adaa kiyaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
सैनिक देश के प्रति अपना कर्तव्य अदा करते हुए शहीद हो गया। The soldier was martyred while discharging his duty towards the nation.
(sainik desh ke prati apnaa kartavy adaa karte hue shahiid ho gayaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर वह अपनी ज़िम्मेदारी अदा करता, तो आज यह हालत न होती। If he had fulfilled his responsibility, things would not be like this today.
(agar vah apnii zimmedaarii adaa kartaa, to aaj yah haalat n hotii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम अपना फ़र्ज़ अदा करोगे या हमेशा बहाने बनाते रहोगे? Will you fulfill your duty, or will you always keep making excuses?
(kyaa tum apnaa farz adaa karoge yaa hameshaa bahaane banaate rahoge?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
यह ज़रूरी है कि हर इंसान समाज के प्रति अपना कर्तव्य अदा करे। It is necessary that every person fulfill their duty towards society.
(yah zaroorii hai ki har insaan samaaj ke prati apnaa kartavy adaa kare।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
गुरु के प्रति अपना कर्तव्य अदा करने से ही शिष्य का जीवन सार्थक होता है। Only by fulfilling one's duty towards the guru does a disciple's life become meaningful.
(guru ke prati apnaa kartavy adaa karne se hii shishy kaa jiivan saarthak hotaa hai।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माता-पिता की सेवा करके उसने अपना धर्म अदा किया। By serving his parents, he fulfilled his moral duty.
(maataa-pitaa kii sevaa karke usne apnaa dharm adaa kiyaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
उससे अपना फ़र्ज़ अदा नहीं किया गया, इसी बात का उसे अफ़सोस है। He could not fulfill his duty, and that is what he regrets.
(usse apnaa farz adaa nahiin kiyaa gayaa, isii baat kaa use afsos hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
Sense 3 : to say one's prayers (namaz)
verb, transitive Used specifically with नमाज़ (namaaz, 'namaz') as its object: नमाज़ अदा करना (namaaz adaa karnaa, 'to perform namaz').
Synonyms: पढ़ना (padhnaa, used with नमाज़)
Frequency: low
Cultural Note: This is the standard verb heard in the context of Islamic prayer -- नमाज़ अदा करना (namaaz adaa karnaa) -- and you will hear it on the news around Eid or Friday prayers. It reflects the word's Persian/Urdu heritage carrying into a specific religious register.
Sample Sentences:
मुसलमान दिन में पाँच बार नमाज़ अदा करते हैं। Muslims perform namaz five times a day.
(musalmaan din men paanch baar namaaz adaa karte hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
ईद के दिन लोगों ने ईदगाह में नमाज़ अदा की। On Eid day, people performed namaz at the Eidgah.
(iid ke din logon ne iidgaah men namaaz adaa kii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
शुक्रवार की नमाज़ मस्जिद में अदा की जाती है। Friday prayers are performed at the mosque.
(shukrvaar kii namaaz masjid men adaa kii jaatii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
वह सुबह की नमाज़ अदा कर रहा था जब फोन की घंटी बजी। He was performing the morning prayer when the phone rang.
(vah subah kii namaaz adaa kar rahaa thaa jab phon kii ghantii bajii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
नमाज़ अदा करो, फिर खाना खाना। Perform your namaz, then eat.
(namaaz adaa karo, phir khaanaa khaanaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
इमाम साहब चाहते हैं कि सभी लोग वक्त पर नमाज़ अदा करें। The imam wants everyone to perform their prayers on time.
(imaam saahab chaahte hain ki sabhii log vakt par namaaz adaa karen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर वह हज पर जाता तो वहाँ भी हर नमाज़ अदा करता। If he had gone on the Hajj, he would have performed every prayer there too.
(agar vah haj par jaataa to vahaan bhii har namaaz adaa kartaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
ईद की नमाज़ अदा करने के बाद वे गले मिले और मुबारकबाद दी। After performing the Eid prayers, they embraced and exchanged greetings.
(iid kii namaaz adaa karne ke baad ve gale mile aur mubaarakbaad dii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Verb (irregular)
infinitive: अदा करना (adaa karnaa)
infinitive oblique: अदा करने (adaa karne)
habitual/simple (sg.m): अदा करता (adaa kartaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m): अदा करते (adaa karte)
habitual/simple (sg.f): अदा करती (adaa kartii)
habitual/simple (pl.f): अदा करतीं (adaa kartiin)
continuous (sg.m): अदा कर रहा (adaa kar rahaa)
continuous (pl.m): अदा कर रहे (adaa kar rahe)
continuous (sg.f): अदा कर रही (adaa kar rahii)
continuous (pl.f): अदा कर रहीं (adaa kar rahiin)
perfective (sg.m): अदा किया (adaa kiyaa)
perfective (pl.m): अदा किए (adaa kie)
perfective (sg.f): अदा की (adaa kii)
perfective (pl.f): अदा कीं (adaa kiin)
imperative (informal): अदा कर (adaa kar)
imperative (neutral): अदा करो (adaa karo)
imperative (formal): अदा कीजिए (adaa kiijie)
future (1sg.m): अदा करूँगा (adaa karoongaa)
future (1sg.f): अदा करूँगी (adaa karoongii)
future (1pl.m): अदा करेंगे (adaa karenge)
future (1pl.f): अदा करेंगी (adaa karengii)
future (2sg.m): अदा करेगा (adaa karegaa)
future (2sg.f): अदा करेगी (adaa karegii)
future (2pl.m): अदा करोगे (adaa karoge)
future (2pl.f): अदा करोगी (adaa karogii)
future (3sg.m): अदा करेगा (adaa karegaa)
future (3sg.f): अदा करेगी (adaa karegii)
future (3pl.m): अदा करेंगे (adaa karenge)
future (3pl.f): अदा करेंगी (adaa karengii)
subjunctive (1sg): अदा करूँ (adaa karoon)
subjunctive (1pl): अदा करें (adaa karen)
subjunctive (2sg): अदा करे (adaa kare)
subjunctive (2pl): अदा करो (adaa karo)
subjunctive (3sg): अदा करे (adaa kare)
subjunctive (3pl): अदा करें (adaa karen)