बचाना (bachaanaa)

verb The causative of बचना (bachnaa, 'to be saved/escape'); covers 'to save' (money, someone from danger) and 'to avoid/prevent' something.
Sense 1 : to save (a person, from harm/danger)
verb, transitive The danger or thing avoided is marked with से (se): डूबने से बचाना (doobne se bachaanaa, 'to save from drowning').
Synonyms: रक्षा करना (rakshaa karnaa, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the verb you hear in dramatic contexts -- a mother shouting मेरे बच्चे को बचाओ! (mere bachche ko bachaao!, 'Save my child!') at a crowded market or accident scene is a very real register of urgency.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often forget से (se) on the danger/threat and instead try को (ko), producing an odd sentence -- the person saved takes को (ko) but the danger itself takes से (se).
Sample Sentences:
मेरे बच्चे को बचाओ! Save my child!
(mere bachche ko bachaao!)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
डूबते हुए आदमी को मछुआरे ने बचा लिया। The fisherman saved the drowning man.
(doobte hue aadmii ko machhuaare ne bachaa liyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर डॉक्टर समय पर पहुँच जाता तो शायद मरीज़ को बचाया जा सकता था। If the doctor had arrived on time, maybe the patient could have been saved.
(agar doktar samay par pahunch jaataa to shaayad mariiz ko bachaayaa jaa saktaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Passive
फ़ायरमैन हर रोज़ किसी न किसी की जान बचाते हैं। Firemen save someone's life or the other every single day.
(faayarmain har roz kisii n kisii kii jaan bachaate hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
सैनिक अपनी जान जोखिम में डालकर आम लोगों को बचा रहे थे। The soldiers were risking their own lives to save the common people.
(sainik apnii jaan jokhim men daalkar aam logon ko bachaa rahe the।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
भगवान ही उसे इस मुसीबत से बचा सकता है। Only God can save him from this trouble.
(bhagvaan hii use is musiibat se bachaa saktaa hai।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
यह ज़रूरी है कि हम इन बच्चों को कुपोषण से बचाएँ। It is necessary that we save these children from malnutrition.
(yah zaroorii hai ki ham in bachchon ko kuposhan se bachaaen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
बाढ़ में फँसे लोगों को हेलिकॉप्टर से बचाया गया। The people trapped in the flood were rescued by helicopter.
(baadh men phanse logon ko helikoptar se bachaayaa gayaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
नागरिकों की सुरक्षा हेतु सेना को तैनात किया गया है ताकि उन्हें आतंकवादियों से बचाया जा सके। The army has been deployed for the citizens' security so that they can be saved from the terrorists.
(naagrikon kii surakshaa hetu senaa ko tainaat kiyaa gayaa hai taaki unhen aatankvaadiyon se bachaayaa jaa sake।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Passive
जो अपने भाई को नहीं बचा सका, वह ज़िंदगी भर खुद को कोसता रहा। The one who could not save his brother kept cursing himself for his whole life.
(jo apne bhaaii ko nahiin bachaa sakaa, vah zindgii bhar khud ko kostaa rahaa।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
कृपया उसे बचा लीजिए, वह अभी बहुत छोटी है। Please save her, she is still very young.
(kripyaa use bachaa liijie, vah abhii bahut chhotii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : to save (money, time, resources)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: जमा करना (jamaa karnaa, 'to accumulate/deposit')
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: पैसे बचाना (paise bachaanaa, 'to save money') is a constant theme in Indian household conversation -- parents praising a child for बचत की आदत (bachat kii aadat, 'habit of saving') reflects a strong cultural value placed on thrift.
Sample Sentences:
मैं हर महीने कुछ पैसे बचाने की कोशिश करता हूँ। I try to save some money every month.
(main har mahiine kuchh paise bachaane kii koshish kartaa hoon।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम बिजली कम इस्तेमाल करो तो बहुत पैसा बचा सकते हो। If you use less electricity, you can save a lot of money.
(agar tum bijlii kam istemaal karo to bahut paisaa bachaa sakte ho।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने इस साल अपनी सारी बोनस राशि बचा ली। He saved his entire bonus amount this year.
(usne is saal apnii saarii bonas raashi bachaa lii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
समय बचाने के लिए हमें मेट्रो से जाना चाहिए, बस से नहीं। To save time, we should go by metro, not by bus.
(samay bachaane ke lie hamen metro se jaanaa chaahie, bas se nahiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बच्चों को बचपन से ही पैसे बचाने की आदत डलवानी चाहिए। Children should be made to develop the habit of saving money from childhood itself.
(bachchon ko bachpan se hii paise bachaane kii aadat dalvaanii chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
काश मैं कॉलेज के दिनों में थोड़ा पैसा बचाता। I wish I had saved a little money during my college days.
(kaash main kolej ke dinon men thodaa paisaa bachaataa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
अगर वह फ़िज़ूलख़र्ची न करता तो अब तक बहुत कुछ बचा चुका होता। If he hadn't been so wasteful, he would have saved a lot by now.
(agar vah fizoolkharchii n kartaa to ab tak bahut kuchh bachaa chukaa hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Voice: Active
कागज़ बचाने के लिए दोनों तरफ़ प्रिंट किया जाता है। To save paper, it is printed on both sides.
(kaagaz bachaane ke lie donon taraf print kiyaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
थोड़ा बचाकर रखो, आगे काम आएगा। Save a little, it will come in handy later.
(thodaa bachaakar rakho, aage kaam aaegaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
सरकार ऊर्जा बचाने के लिए नई योजनाएँ बना रही है। The government is making new schemes to conserve energy.
(sarkaar oorjaa bachaane ke lie naii yojnaaen banaa rahii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माँ हमेशा कहती थीं कि बूँद-बूँद बचाकर ही घड़ा भरता है। Mother always used to say that only by saving drop by drop does the pitcher fill up.
(maan hameshaa kahtii thiin ki boond-boond bachaakar hii ghadaa bhartaa hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : to avoid, prevent, escape (an unwanted outcome or effort)
verb, transitive Often used with an oblique infinitive + से (se): झगड़े से बचाना (jhagde se bachaanaa, 'to avoid/prevent a fight').
Synonyms: टालना (taalnaa, 'to postpone/avoid')
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You will hear this in advice-giving: झंझट से बचाओ (jhanjhat se bachaao, 'avoid the hassle') -- a very Delhi-style pragmatic instinct to sidestep unnecessary trouble.
Common Mistakes: 1) This sense overlaps with बचना (bachnaa) itself ('to avoid/escape'); बचाना (bachaanaa) here implies actively steering someone/something else away from the problem, not just personally escaping it.
Sample Sentences:
समय से निकलो तो जाम से बच जाओगे। If you leave on time, you'll avoid the traffic jam.
(samay se niklo to jaam se bach jaaoge।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
झंझट से बचाओ, वरना बाद में पछताओगे। Avoid the hassle, or you'll regret it later.
(jhanjhat se bachaao, varnaa baad men pachhtaaoge।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
वह हर बार बहाना बनाकर काम से बच जाता है। He avoids the work every time by making an excuse.
(vah har baar bahaanaa banaakar kaam se bach jaataa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर वह चुप रहता तो बहस से बच जाता। If he had stayed quiet, he would have avoided the argument.
(agar vah chup rahtaa to bahas se bach jaataa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
मैं इस झमेले से बचना चाहता हूँ। I want to avoid this whole mess.
(main is jhamele se bachnaa chaahtaa hoon।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम इस मीटिंग से बच सकते हो? Can you avoid this meeting?
(kyaa tum is miiting se bach sakte ho?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बेहतर होगा कि तुम इस बहस में पड़ने से बचो। It would be better if you avoided getting into this argument.
(behtar hogaa ki tum is bahas men padne se bacho।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
अनावश्यक विवादों से बचना ही बुद्धिमानी है। Avoiding unnecessary disputes is the wise thing to do.
(anaavashyak vivaadon se bachnaa hii buddhimaanii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने सारी जिम्मेदारियों से बचने की कोशिश की। He tried to avoid all the responsibilities.
(usne saarii jimmedaariyon se bachne kii koshish kii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
ऐसे कामों से बचा जाना चाहिए जो सेहत के लिए हानिकारक हों। Such activities that are harmful to health should be avoided.
(aise kaamon se bachaa jaanaa chaahie jo sehat ke lie haanikaarak hon।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
Morphology
Verb
infinitive: बचाना (bachaanaa)
infinitive oblique: बचाने (bachaane)
habitual/simple (sg.m): बचाता (bachaataa)
habitual/simple (pl.m): बचाते (bachaate)
habitual/simple (sg.f): बचाती (bachaatii)
habitual/simple (pl.f): बचातीं (bachaatiin)
continuous (sg.m): बचा रहा (bachaa rahaa)
continuous (pl.m): बचा रहे (bachaa rahe)
continuous (sg.f): बचा रही (bachaa rahii)
continuous (pl.f): बचा रहीं (bachaa rahiin)
perfective (sg.m): बचाया (bachaayaa)
perfective (pl.m): बचाए (bachaae)
perfective (sg.f): बचाई (bachaaii)
perfective (pl.f): बचाईं (bachaaiin)
imperative (informal): बचा (bachaa)
imperative (neutral): बचाओ (bachaao)
imperative (formal): बचाइए (bachaaie)
future (1sg.m): बचाऊँगा (bachaaoongaa)
future (1sg.f): बचाऊँगी (bachaaoongii)
future (1pl.m): बचाएँगे (bachaaenge)
future (1pl.f): बचाएँगी (bachaaengii)
future (2sg.m): बचाएगा (bachaaegaa)
future (2sg.f): बचाएगी (bachaaegii)
future (2pl.m): बचाओगे (bachaaoge)
future (2pl.f): बचाओगी (bachaaogii)
future (3sg.m): बचाएगा (bachaaegaa)
future (3sg.f): बचाएगी (bachaaegii)
future (3pl.m): बचाएँगे (bachaaenge)
future (3pl.f): बचाएँगी (bachaaengii)
subjunctive (1sg): बचाऊँ (bachaaoon)
subjunctive (1pl): बचाएँ (bachaaen)
subjunctive (2sg): बचाए (bachaae)
subjunctive (2pl): बचाओ (bachaao)
subjunctive (3sg): बचाए (bachaae)
subjunctive (3pl): बचाएँ (bachaaen)