गिराना (giraanaa)
verb
The causative of गिरना (girnaa, 'to fall'): the core sense is 'to cause to fall, drop, or knock down,' with a common extended sense for lowering values like prices or rates.
Sense
1
:
to drop, knock down, cause to fall
verb, transitive
Synonyms: फेंकना (phenknaa, 'to throw/toss down'), ढहाना (dhahaanaa, 'to demolish, cause to collapse')
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Think of गिराना (giraanaa) as the answer to 'who made it fall?' -- English often just says 'the glass fell' passively, but Hindi's pair गिरना (girnaa)/गिराना (giraanaa) forces you to be clear about whether there was a hand behind it.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes use गिरना (girnaa) when they mean someone deliberately dropped or knocked something over -- if there's an agent doing the dropping, गिराना (giraanaa) is needed, not the intransitive गिरना (girnaa). 2) The thing that falls takes को (ko) only in specific contexts (like targeting a person/object); in most simple sentences it's just the direct object with no postposition, e.g. गिलास गिरा दिया (gilaas giraa diyaa, 'dropped the glass').
Sample Sentences:
उसने गलती से गिलास गिरा दिया।
He accidentally dropped the glass.
(usne galtii se gilaas giraa diyaa।)
मत गिराओ उस फूलदान को, वो टूट जाएगा!
Don't knock down that vase, it'll break!
(mat giraao us phooldaan ko, vo toot jaaegaa!)
बच्चे अक्सर खाना खाते वक़्त चम्मच गिरा देते हैं।
Children often drop their spoons while eating.
(bachche aksar khaanaa khaate vaqt chammach giraa dete hain।)
मज़दूर दीवार को गिरा रहे हैं।
The workers are knocking down the wall.
(mazdoor diivaar ko giraa rahe hain।)
पेड़ को काटने से पहले उसे गिराना ज़रूरी था।
It was necessary to bring down the tree before cutting it up.
(ped ko kaatne se pahle use giraanaa zaroorii thaa।)
अगर तुमने ध्यान न रखा तो सामान गिरा दोगे।
If you're not careful, you'll knock the stuff down.
(agar tumne dhyaan n rakhaa to saamaan giraa doge।)
काश उसने वो कप न गिराया होता।
I wish he hadn't dropped that cup.
(kaash usne vo kap n giraayaa hotaa।)
पुरानी इमारत को गिरा दिया गया।
The old building was knocked down.
(puraanii imaarat ko giraa diyaa gayaa।)
अगर तेज़ हवा चले तो पत्ते गिर सकते हैं, लेकिन आज तो लड़के ने ही डाल हिलाकर उन्हें गिरा दिया।
Leaves can fall if the wind blows hard, but today the boy shook the branch and knocked them down himself.
(agar tez havaa chale to patte gir sakte hain, lekin aaj to ladke ne hii daal hilaakar unhen giraa diyaa।)
क्या तुमने ये गमला गिराया था?
Did you knock this flowerpot down?
(kyaa tumne ye gamlaa giraayaa thaa?)
कृपया सावधानी से चलें ताकि कोई सामान न गिराएँ।
Please move carefully so that no one knocks anything down.
(kripyaa saavdhaanii se chalen taaki koii saamaan n giraaen।)
Sense
2
:
to lower, bring down (price, level, value, status)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: कम करना (kam karnaa, 'to reduce')
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You'll hear this a lot in bazaar haggling -- भाव मत गिराओ (bhaav mat giraao, 'don't lower the price') is something a shopkeeper might say back to you, half-joking, half-serious, when you try to bargain too hard.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for कम करना (kam karnaa) by default for 'lower/reduce'; गिराना (giraanaa) is the more vivid, natural choice specifically for prices, rates, or someone's standing/reputation (जैसे भाव गिराना (bhaav giraanaa, 'to bring down prices'), किसी की इज़्ज़त गिराना (kisii kii izzat giraanaa, 'to lower someone's respect/standing')).
Sample Sentences:
दुकानदार ने भाव गिरा दिया।
The shopkeeper lowered the price.
(dukaandaar ne bhaav giraa diyaa।)
भाव मत गिराओ, भाई साहब, इससे कम में नहीं बनेगा।
Don't lower the price, sir, it won't work for less than this.
(bhaav mat giraao, bhaaii saahab, isse kam men nahiin banegaa।)
कंपनी हर साल अपने उत्पादों के दाम थोड़ा गिराती है ताकि बिक्री बढ़े।
The company lowers the prices of its products a little every year so that sales increase.
(kampnii har saal apne utpaadon ke daam thodaa giraatii hai taaki bikrii badhe।)
सरकार ब्याज दर गिरा रही है।
The government is lowering the interest rate.
(sarkaar byaaj dar giraa rahii hai।)
अगर हम क्वालिटी का स्तर गिराएँगे तो ग्राहक नाराज़ हो जाएँगे।
If we lower the quality standard, customers will get upset.
(agar ham kvaalitii kaa star giraaenge to graahak naaraaz ho jaaenge।)
मंडी में टमाटर का भाव किसानों ने खुद गिरा दिया है, इतनी पैदावार हो गई है।
The farmers themselves have brought down the price of tomatoes in the market, there has been so much yield.
(mandii men tamaatar kaa bhaav kisaanon ne khud giraa diyaa hai, itnii paidaavaar ho gaii hai।)
काश वे अपने अहंकार से अपना स्तर न गिराते।
If only they hadn't lowered their standing through their arrogance.
(kaash ve apne ahankaar se apnaa star n giraate।)
अगर पेट्रोल के दाम गिराए जाएँ तो महँगाई कुछ कम हो सकती है।
If petrol prices were lowered, inflation could be somewhat reduced.
(agar petrol ke daam giraae jaaen to mahangaaii kuchh kam ho saktii hai।)
उसने अपनी माँगें गिराकर समझौता कर लिया।
He lowered his demands and reached a settlement.
(usne apnii maangen giraakar samjhautaa kar liyaa।)
जब मुद्रा की कीमत जान-बूझकर गिराई जाती है, तो निर्यात को फ़ायदा होता है।
When a currency's value is deliberately lowered, exports benefit.
(jab mudraa kii kiimat jaan-boojhkar giraaii jaatii hai, to niryaat ko faaydaa hotaa hai।)
Sense
3
:
to shoot down, bring down (a plane, bird, etc.) or overthrow (a government)
verb, transitive Often appears as the compound verb मार गिराना (maar giraanaa) in news contexts about planes, drones, or targets; used alone, गिराना (giraanaa) can also mean toppling a government or bringing down a regime.
Synonyms: मार गिराना (maar giraanaa, 'to shoot down, compound-verb form'), उखाड़ना (ukhaadnaa, 'to uproot, oust')
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This sense shows up constantly in Hindi news headlines -- सरकार गिरा दी (sarkaar giraa dii, 'toppled the government') is standard political vocabulary, extending the physical 'knock down' sense into the world of politics.
Sample Sentences:
वायुसेना ने दुश्मन का लड़ाकू विमान गिरा दिया।
The air force shot down the enemy's fighter plane.
(vaayusenaa ne dushman kaa ladaakoo vimaan giraa diyaa।)
विपक्ष ने मिलकर सरकार गिरा दी।
The opposition joined together and toppled the government.
(vipaksh ne milkar sarkaar giraa dii।)
सेना रोज़ाना कई ड्रोन गिराती है।
The army shoots down several drones every day.
(senaa rozaanaa kaii dron giraatii hai।)
अगर बहुमत खो जाए तो विधायक बग़ावत करके सरकार गिरा सकते हैं।
If the majority is lost, the MLAs can revolt and topple the government.
(agar bahumat kho jaae to vidhaayak baghaavat karke sarkaar giraa sakte hain।)
अगर हमारे पास बेहतर मिसाइलें होतीं, तो हम वह हेलिकॉप्टर पहले ही गिरा देते।
If we had had better missiles, we would have shot down that helicopter already.
(agar hamaare paas behtar misaailen hotiin, to ham vah helikoptar pahle hii giraa dete।)
अफ़वाह है कि विरोधी दल गठबंधन तोड़कर सरकार गिराने की साज़िश कर रहे हैं।
There is a rumor that the opposition parties are conspiring to break the coalition and topple the government.
(afvaah hai ki virodhii dal gathbandhan todkar sarkaar giraane kii saazish kar rahe hain।)
उस जासूसी गुब्बारे को गिराने का आदेश दे दो!
Give the order to shoot down that spy balloon!
(us jaasoosii gubbaare ko giraane kaa aadesh de do!)
क्रांतिकारियों ने राजा को गिराकर नई व्यवस्था कायम की।
The revolutionaries overthrew the king and established a new order.
(kraantikaariyon ne raajaa ko giraakar naii vyavasthaa kaayam kii।)
उस रात दुश्मन के तीन जेट राडार से गिराए गए।
That night, three enemy jets were shot down by radar.
(us raat dushman ke tiin jet raadaar se giraae gae।)
सुनते हैं कि अगले हफ्ते तक सरकार गिरा दी जाएगी।
It is heard that the government will be toppled by next week.
(sunte hain ki agle haphte tak sarkaar giraa dii jaaegii।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
गिराना
(giraanaa)
infinitive oblique:
गिराने
(giraane)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
गिराता
(giraataa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
गिराते
(giraate)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
गिराती
(giraatii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
गिरातीं
(giraatiin)
continuous (sg.m):
गिरा रहा
(giraa rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
गिरा रहे
(giraa rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
गिरा रही
(giraa rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
गिरा रहीं
(giraa rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
गिराया
(giraayaa)
perfective (pl.m):
गिराए
(giraae)
perfective (sg.f):
गिराई
(giraaii)
perfective (pl.f):
गिराईं
(giraaiin)
imperative (informal):
गिरा
(giraa)
imperative (neutral):
गिराओ
(giraao)
imperative (formal):
गिराइए
(giraaie)
future (1sg.m):
गिराऊँगा
(giraaoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
गिराऊँगी
(giraaoongii)
future (1pl.m):
गिराएँगे
(giraaenge)
future (1pl.f):
गिराएँगी
(giraaengii)
future (2sg.m):
गिराएगा
(giraaegaa)
future (2sg.f):
गिराएगी
(giraaegii)
future (2pl.m):
गिराओगे
(giraaoge)
future (2pl.f):
गिराओगी
(giraaogii)
future (3sg.m):
गिराएगा
(giraaegaa)
future (3sg.f):
गिराएगी
(giraaegii)
future (3pl.m):
गिराएँगे
(giraaenge)
future (3pl.f):
गिराएँगी
(giraaengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
गिराऊँ
(giraaoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
गिराएँ
(giraaen)
subjunctive (2sg):
गिराए
(giraae)
subjunctive (2pl):
गिराओ
(giraao)
subjunctive (3sg):
गिराए
(giraae)
subjunctive (3pl):
गिराएँ
(giraaen)