बुझना (bujhnaa)
verb
One core sense: to be extinguished (a flame, light, or fire going out) -- and a figurative extension of that same image to feelings, hope, or thirst fading/being satisfied. Its transitive partner is बुझाना (bujhaanaa, 'to extinguish/quench'), a separate causative lemma.
Sense
1
:
to go out, be extinguished (flame, light)
verb, intransitive
Synonyms: ठंडा होना (thandaa honaa, of embers/fire)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Think of a diya (diyaa) flickering and going dark at the end of Diwali night, or a chulha's (choolhaa) embers dying down -- बुझना (bujhnaa) is the verb Hindi reaches for in both cases. Its causative partner बुझाना (bujhaanaa) is what you'd use to say someone blew out or put out the flame.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for बंद होना (band honaa) for 'the light went out,' but बंद होना (band honaa) is for switches/devices being turned off, while बुझना (bujhnaa) is specifically about a flame or glow dying out -- a candle, diya, or fire uses बुझना (bujhnaa), not बंद होना (band honaa).
Sample Sentences:
दिया बुझ गया।
The diya went out.
(diyaa bujh gayaa।)
हवा तेज़ चली तो मोमबत्ती बुझ गई।
The wind blew hard, so the candle went out.
(havaa tez chalii to mombattii bujh gaii।)
रात भर चूल्हा जलता रहता है, सुबह होते-होते बुझ जाता है।
The stove keeps burning all night; by morning it goes out.
(raat bhar choolhaa jaltaa rahtaa hai, subah hote-hote bujh jaataa hai।)
देखना, कहीं आँच तेज़ न हो जाए और दिया बुझ न जाए।
Watch out, the flame shouldn't get too strong or the diya might go out.
(dekhnaa, kahiin aanch tez n ho jaae aur diyaa bujh n jaae।)
लालटेन धीरे-धीरे बुझ रही थी।
The lantern was slowly going out.
(laalten dhiire-dhiire bujh rahii thii।)
अगर तेल न होता तो दिया कब का बुझ जाता।
If there hadn't been oil, the diya would have gone out long ago.
(agar tel n hotaa to diyaa kab kaa bujh jaataa।)
आग बुझ चुकी है, अब राख ही बची है।
The fire has already gone out; only ashes remain now.
(aag bujh chukii hai, ab raakh hii bachii hai।)
अलाव पानी पड़ते ही बुझ जाता है।
The bonfire goes out as soon as water falls on it.
(alaav paanii padte hii bujh jaataa hai।)
दीये तब तक जलते रहेंगे जब तक तेल खत्म होकर वे बुझ न जाएँ।
The lamps will keep burning until the oil runs out and they finally go out.
(diiye tab tak jalte rahenge jab tak tel khatm hokar ve bujh n jaaen।)
पूरे मंदिर की बत्तियाँ आँधी में बुझ गईं।
All the lamps in the temple went out in the storm.
(poore mandir kii battiyaan aandhii men bujh gaiin।)
Sense
2
:
figurative: hope, feeling, or life fading/being extinguished
verb, intransitive
Synonyms: मिटना (mitnaa, of hope/existence), खत्म होना (khatm honaa, of feeling)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Hindi extends the image of a flame dying out to inner life: उम्मीद बुझ गई (ummiid bujh gaii, 'hope was extinguished') or आँखों की चमक बुझ गई (aankhon kii chamak bujh gaii, 'the sparkle in the eyes faded') both treat feeling as a small flame that can go dark, the same poetic logic English uses when it says a spirit was 'snuffed out.'
Sample Sentences:
उसकी आँखों में उम्मीद की जो चिंगारी थी, वह अब बुझ गई है।
The spark of hope that was in his eyes has now been extinguished.
(uskii aankhon men ummiid kii jo chingaarii thii, vah ab bujh gaii hai।)
बेटे की मौत की खबर सुनकर उसके अंदर की सारी जिंदगी बुझ गई।
On hearing news of his son's death, all the life inside him faded away.
(bete kii maut kii khabar sunkar uske andar kii saarii jindgii bujh gaii।)
इतनी हार के बाद भी उसका जोश नहीं बुझता।
Even after so many defeats, his enthusiasm never fades.
(itnii haar ke baad bhii uskaa josh nahiin bujhtaa।)
काश उसकी आँखों की चमक कभी न बुझती।
If only the sparkle in her eyes had never faded.
(kaash uskii aankhon kii chamak kabhii n bujhtii।)
इतने बुरे हालात में भी उसकी उम्मीद क्यों नहीं बुझती?
Even in such terrible circumstances, why doesn't his hope fade?
(itne bure haalaat men bhii uskii ummiid kyon nahiin bujhtii?)
बरसों की मेहनत बेकार जाने से उसका हौसला बुझ रहा था।
With years of hard work going to waste, his courage was fading.
(barson kii mehnat bekaar jaane se uskaa hauslaa bujh rahaa thaa।)
अगर वह हार गया तो उसका सपना हमेशा के लिए बुझ जाएगा।
If he loses, his dream will be extinguished forever.
(agar vah haar gayaa to uskaa sapnaa hameshaa ke lie bujh jaaegaa।)
ऐसा न हो कि लगातार निराशा से उसका मन बुझ जाए।
May it not happen that constant disappointment extinguishes his spirit.
(aisaa n ho ki lagaataar niraashaa se uskaa man bujh jaae।)
जीवन की सारी उमंगें एक झटके में बुझ गईं।
All the zest for life was extinguished in a single blow.
(jiivan kii saarii umangen ek jhatke men bujh gaiin।)
Sense
3
:
figurative: thirst being quenched/satisfied
verb, intransitive
Synonyms: मिटना (mitnaa, of thirst/hunger)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Just as a flame is बुझती है (bujhtii hai), thirst is imagined the same way -- as a fire inside that water puts out, so प्यास बुझ गई (pyaas bujh gaii) literally means 'the thirst went out,' a lovely example of Hindi reusing one physical image across very different domains.
Common Mistakes: 1) प्यास बुझना (pyaas bujhnaa) sounds odd to English ears since English 'quench' is transitive ('to quench one's thirst'), but Hindi frames it the other way: the thirst itself बुझती है (bujhtii hai, 'goes out/is quenched'), with the person taking a की (kii) possessive, not a direct object slot.
Sample Sentences:
इतना पानी पीने के बाद भी मेरी प्यास नहीं बुझी।
Even after drinking so much water, my thirst was not quenched.
(itnaa paanii piine ke baad bhii merii pyaas nahiin bujhii।)
ठंडा शरबत पीकर उसकी प्यास बुझ गई।
After drinking the cold sherbet, his thirst was quenched.
(thandaa sharbat piikar uskii pyaas bujh gaii।)
नारियल पानी से प्यास बहुत जल्दी बुझती है।
Thirst is quenched very quickly with coconut water.
(naariyal paanii se pyaas bahut jaldii bujhtii hai।)
इस गर्मी में तो सादा पानी भी प्यास नहीं बुझा पाता।
In this heat, even plain water fails to quench the thirst.
(is garmii men to saadaa paanii bhii pyaas nahiin bujhaa paataa।)
काश उसकी प्यास कभी न बुझती, तो वह इतना पानी बर्बाद न करता।
If only his thirst never got quenched, he would not waste so much water.
(kaash uskii pyaas kabhii n bujhtii, to vah itnaa paanii barbaad n kartaa।)
जब तक ठंडा पानी न मिले, प्यास कैसे बुझेगी?
Until cold water is found, how will the thirst be quenched?
(jab tak thandaa paanii n mile, pyaas kaise bujhegii?)
मुझे उम्मीद है कि यह जूस पीने से तुम्हारी प्यास बुझ जाए।
I hope that drinking this juice quenches your thirst.
(mujhe ummiid hai ki yah joos piine se tumhaarii pyaas bujh jaae।)
पहले पानी पी लो, प्यास बुझा लो, फिर बात करते हैं।
First drink water, quench your thirst, then let's talk.
(pahle paanii pii lo, pyaas bujhaa lo, phir baat karte hain।)
इस कुएँ के पानी से सदियों से यात्रियों की प्यास बुझती रही है।
For centuries, this well's water has been quenching travelers' thirst.
(is kuen ke paanii se sadiyon se yaatriyon kii pyaas bujhtii rahii hai।)
नल का पानी बंद होने से गाँव वालों की प्यास नहीं बुझ पाई।
With the tap water shut off, the villagers' thirst could not be quenched.
(nal kaa paanii band hone se gaanv vaalon kii pyaas nahiin bujh paaii।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
बुझना
(bujhnaa)
infinitive oblique:
बुझने
(bujhne)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
बुझता
(bujhtaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
बुझते
(bujhte)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
बुझती
(bujhtii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
बुझतीं
(bujhtiin)
continuous (sg.m):
बुझ रहा
(bujh rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
बुझ रहे
(bujh rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
बुझ रही
(bujh rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
बुझ रहीं
(bujh rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
बुझा
(bujhaa)
perfective (pl.m):
बुझे
(bujhe)
perfective (sg.f):
बुझी
(bujhii)
perfective (pl.f):
बुझीं
(bujhiin)
imperative (informal):
बुझ
(bujh)
imperative (neutral):
बुझो
(bujho)
imperative (formal):
बुझिए
(bujhie)
future (1sg.m):
बुझूँगा
(bujhoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
बुझूँगी
(bujhoongii)
future (1pl.m):
बुझेंगे
(bujhenge)
future (1pl.f):
बुझेंगी
(bujhengii)
future (2sg.m):
बुझेगा
(bujhegaa)
future (2sg.f):
बुझेगी
(bujhegii)
future (2pl.m):
बुझोगे
(bujhoge)
future (2pl.f):
बुझोगी
(bujhogii)
future (3sg.m):
बुझेगा
(bujhegaa)
future (3sg.f):
बुझेगी
(bujhegii)
future (3pl.m):
बुझेंगे
(bujhenge)
future (3pl.f):
बुझेंगी
(bujhengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
बुझूँ
(bujhoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
बुझें
(bujhen)
subjunctive (2sg):
बुझे
(bujhe)
subjunctive (2pl):
बुझो
(bujho)
subjunctive (3sg):
बुझे
(bujhe)
subjunctive (3pl):
बुझें
(bujhen)