बँधना (bandhnaa)
verb
The intransitive partner of बाँधना (baandhnaa, 'to tie'): बँधना (bandhnaa) means 'to get tied / to become bound', physically or figuratively (a relationship, a bond, a schedule).
Sense
1
:
to be tied, to get tied up (physical)
verb, intransitive
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Picture a goat or a cow being tethered outside a house in the evening -- बकरी बँध गई (bakrii bandh gaii, 'the goat got tied up') is exactly the kind of everyday rural/urban-fringe image Hindi speakers reach for with this verb.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for बाँधना (baandhnaa) with a passive-like construction when they mean the rope/object itself got tied on its own or by unspecified agency -- बँधना (bandhnaa) is the natural intransitive choice here, not a passive of बाँधना (baandhnaa). 2) The subject of बँधना (bandhnaa) is the thing being tied (rope, animal, hair), not the person doing the tying -- से (se) marks the instrument or agent if mentioned, e.g. रस्सी से (rassii se, 'with a rope').
Sample Sentences:
शाम को बकरी खम्भे से बँध गई।
In the evening, the goat got tied to the pole.
(shaam ko bakrii khambhe se bandh gaii।)
गाय रोज़ इसी पेड़ से बँधती है।
The cow gets tied to this same tree every day.
(gaay roz isii ped se bandhtii hai।)
नाव किनारे पर बँध रही थी जब हम पहुँचे।
The boat was being tied at the bank when we arrived.
(naav kinaare par bandh rahii thii jab ham pahunche।)
रस्सी इतनी कसकर बँधी है कि खुल ही नहीं रही।
The rope is tied so tightly that it just won't come undone.
(rassii itnii kaskar bandhii hai ki khul hii nahiin rahii।)
बकरी को खम्भे से बाँधो, वरना वह भाग जाएगी।
Tie the goat to the pole, or else it will run away.
(bakrii ko khambhe se baandho, varnaa vah bhaag jaaegii।)
अगर रस्सी मज़बूत होती तो बकरी नहीं बँध पाती।
If the rope had been strong, the goat wouldn't have been able to get tied properly.
(agar rassii mazboot hotii to bakrii nahiin bandh paatii।)
बच्चे के जूते के फीते खुद-खुद बँध जाते हैं, ऐसा वह कहता है।
The child says his shoelaces tie themselves.
(bachche ke joote ke phiite khud-khud bandh jaate hain, aisaa vah kahtaa hai।)
पशु को इस तरह बाँधा जाता है कि वह ज़्यादा दूर न जा सके।
The animal is tied in such a way that it cannot go too far.
(pashu ko is tarah baandhaa jaataa hai ki vah zyaadaa door n jaa sake।)
घोड़ा शायद अभी तक खेत के पास बँधा हो।
The horse might still be tied near the field.
(ghodaa shaayad abhii tak khet ke paas bandhaa ho।)
Sense
2
:
to be bound, committed, or tied down (figurative: relationship, obligation, schedule)
verb, intransitive Often used with में (men) to mark what one is bound into, e.g. रिश्ते में बँधना (rishte men bandhnaa, 'to be bound in a relationship').
Synonyms: जुड़ना (judnaa, to be connected), बंधन में आना (bandhan men aanaa, to come into a bond)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the word behind the common complaint समय का पाबंद हूँ, अब हर काम में बँध गया हूँ (ab har kaam men bandh gayaa hoon, 'now I'm tied down in every task') -- Hindi speakers use बँधना (bandhnaa) to talk about marriage, routines, and obligations as things that wrap around you, echoing the literal image of a rope.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes treat this as a full passive of 'to bind someone,' but बँधना (bandhnaa) here describes a state or condition of being tied down -- emotionally, socially, or by routine -- rather than a direct passive action performed on the subject by an agent.
Sample Sentences:
शादी के बाद इंसान एक रिश्ते में बँध जाता है।
After marriage, a person becomes bound in a relationship.
(shaadii ke baad insaan ek rishte men bandh jaataa hai।)
अब हर काम में बँध गया हूँ, अपने लिए समय ही नहीं निकल पाता।
Now I'm tied down in every task, I just can't find time for myself.
(ab har kaam men bandh gayaa hoon, apne lie samay hii nahiin nikal paataa।)
इस नौकरी को लेने के बाद वह एक सख्त रूटीन में बँध गई।
After taking this job, she got tied down to a strict routine.
(is naukrii ko lene ke baad vah ek sakht rootiin men bandh gaii।)
मैं किसी वादे में नहीं बँधना चाहता।
I don't want to be bound by any promise.
(main kisii vaade men nahiin bandhnaa chaahtaa।)
काश मैं इतने नियमों में न बँधा होता।
I wish I weren't bound by so many rules.
(kaash main itne niymon men n bandhaa hotaa।)
अगर तुम इस नौकरी में बँध गए, तो घूमना-फिरना भूल जाओगे।
If you get tied down by this job, you'll forget all about traveling.
(agar tum is naukrii men bandh gae, to ghoomnaa-phirnaa bhool jaaoge।)
कभी-कभी लगता है कि हम अपनी ही जिम्मेदारियों में बँधे रहते हैं।
Sometimes it feels like we remain bound by our own responsibilities.
(kabhii-kabhii lagtaa hai ki ham apnii hii jimmedaariyon men bandhe rahte hain।)
व्यक्ति सामाजिक परंपराओं में इस तरह बँध जाता है कि अपनी इच्छा भी भूल जाता है।
A person becomes so bound by social traditions that he even forgets his own wishes.
(vyakti saamaajik parampraaon men is tarah bandh jaataa hai ki apnii ichchhaa bhii bhool jaataa hai।)
इतने कर्ज़ में बँध जाने के बाद उसकी आज़ादी छिन गई।
After getting bound by so much debt, his freedom was snatched away.
(itne karz men bandh jaane ke baad uskii aazaadii chhin gaii।)
बच्चों के जन्म के बाद माँ-बाप एक अलग तरह की ज़िम्मेदारी में बँध जाते हैं।
After the birth of children, parents become bound by a different kind of responsibility.
(bachchon ke janm ke baad maan-baap ek alag tarah kii zimmedaarii men bandh jaate hain।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
बँधना
(bandhnaa)
infinitive oblique:
बँधने
(bandhne)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
बँधता
(bandhtaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
बँधते
(bandhte)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
बँधती
(bandhtii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
बँधतीं
(bandhtiin)
continuous (sg.m):
बँध रहा
(bandh rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
बँध रहे
(bandh rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
बँध रही
(bandh rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
बँध रहीं
(bandh rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
बँधा
(bandhaa)
perfective (pl.m):
बँधे
(bandhe)
perfective (sg.f):
बँधी
(bandhii)
perfective (pl.f):
बँधीं
(bandhiin)
imperative (informal):
बँध
(bandh)
imperative (neutral):
बँधो
(bandho)
imperative (formal):
बँधिए
(bandhie)
future (1sg.m):
बँधूँगा
(bandhoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
बँधूँगी
(bandhoongii)
future (1pl.m):
बँधेंगे
(bandhenge)
future (1pl.f):
बँधेंगी
(bandhengii)
future (2sg.m):
बँधेगा
(bandhegaa)
future (2sg.f):
बँधेगी
(bandhegii)
future (2pl.m):
बँधोगे
(bandhoge)
future (2pl.f):
बँधोगी
(bandhogii)
future (3sg.m):
बँधेगा
(bandhegaa)
future (3sg.f):
बँधेगी
(bandhegii)
future (3pl.m):
बँधेंगे
(bandhenge)
future (3pl.f):
बँधेंगी
(bandhengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
बँधूँ
(bandhoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
बँधें
(bandhen)
subjunctive (2sg):
बँधे
(bandhe)
subjunctive (2pl):
बँधो
(bandho)
subjunctive (3sg):
बँधे
(bandhe)
subjunctive (3pl):
बँधें
(bandhen)