दुखना (dukhnaa)
verb
One core meaning: to hurt or ache, used for physical pain in a body part. Closely related to the noun/adjective दुख (dukh, sorrow/pain) but दुखना (dukhnaa) itself is only used for bodily ache.
Sense
1
:
to ache, to hurt (of a body part)
verb, intransitive The body part that hurts is the grammatical subject, not the person: सिर दुखना (sir dukhnaa, 'for the head to hurt') -- the person experiencing it, if mentioned, takes को (ko), e.g. मुझे (mujhe).
Synonyms: पीड़ा होना (piidaa honaa, more formal/literary phrasing), टीसना (tiisnaa, a sharper throbbing ache)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is a classic 'body as agent' verb: Hindi says पैर दुखता है (pair dukhtaa hai, 'the foot aches') rather than 'my foot hurts,' putting the aching part in charge of the sentence. You'll hear this constantly in daily complaints -- सिर दुखना (sir dukhnaa) for a headache, कमर दुखना (kamar dukhnaa) for backache after a long day of chores or travel.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners try to make the person the subject with ने (ne), as if it were a transitive action -- but दुखना (dukhnaa) is intransitive and the body part itself is the subject; the person appears only with को (ko). 2) Confusing दुखना (dukhnaa) with दुःख देना (duhkh denaa, 'to give sorrow') or दुखी होना (dukhii honaa, 'to feel sad') -- दुखना (dukhnaa) is strictly physical pain, never emotional sadness.
Sample Sentences:
आज सुबह से मेरा सिर दुख रहा है।
My head has been aching since this morning.
(aaj subah se meraa sir dukh rahaa hai।)
पूरे दिन बैठे रहने से उसकी कमर दुखती है।
His back aches from sitting all day.
(poore din baithe rahne se uskii kamar dukhtii hai।)
कल रात यात्रा के बाद मेरे पैर बहुत दुखे।
My legs ached a lot after last night's journey.
(kal raat yaatraa ke baad mere pair bahut dukhe।)
अगर तुम इतना ज़्यादा काम करोगे तो कल तुम्हारे हाथ दुखेंगे।
If you work this much, your hands will ache tomorrow.
(agar tum itnaa zyaadaa kaam karoge to kal tumhaare haath dukhenge।)
अगर मैं इतनी देर दौड़ता तो मेरे घुटने ज़रूर दुखते।
If I had run for that long, my knees would definitely have ached.
(agar main itnii der daudtaa to mere ghutne zaroor dukhte।)
शायद उसका गला इसलिए दुखता हो क्योंकि उसने बहुत चीखा था।
Maybe his throat aches because he shouted a lot.
(shaayad uskaa galaa islie dukhtaa ho kyonki usne bahut chiikhaa thaa।)
दादी कहती हैं कि सर्दियों में उनके जोड़ बहुत दुखते हैं।
Grandmother says her joints ache a lot in winter.
(daadii kahtii hain ki sardiyon men unke jod bahut dukhte hain।)
इतने घंटे कंप्यूटर पर काम करने से आँखें दुखने लगती हैं।
Working on the computer for so many hours makes the eyes start to hurt.
(itne ghante kampyootar par kaam karne se aankhen dukhne lagtii hain।)
डॉक्टर ने पूछा कि क्या मरीज़ का पेट अभी भी दुख रहा है।
The doctor asked if the patient's stomach was still hurting.
(doktar ne poochhaa ki kyaa mariiz kaa pet abhii bhii dukh rahaa hai।)
अरे यार, कल की मेहनत से मेरे हाथ अभी तक दुख रहे हैं।
Ugh man, my hands are still hurting from yesterday's hard work.
(are yaar, kal kii mehnat se mere haath abhii tak dukh rahe hain।)
यह ज़रूरी नहीं कि हर बार पीठ भारी सामान उठाने से ही दुखे।
It's not necessary that the back only hurts from lifting heavy things every time.
(yah zaroorii nahiin ki har baar piith bhaarii saamaan uthaane se hii dukhe।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
दुखना
(dukhnaa)
infinitive oblique:
दुखने
(dukhne)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
दुखता
(dukhtaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
दुखते
(dukhte)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
दुखती
(dukhtii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
दुखतीं
(dukhtiin)
continuous (sg.m):
दुख रहा
(dukh rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
दुख रहे
(dukh rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
दुख रही
(dukh rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
दुख रहीं
(dukh rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
दुखा
(dukhaa)
perfective (pl.m):
दुखे
(dukhe)
perfective (sg.f):
दुखी
(dukhii)
perfective (pl.f):
दुखीं
(dukhiin)
imperative (informal):
दुख
(dukh)
imperative (neutral):
दुखो
(dukho)
imperative (formal):
दुखिए
(dukhie)
future (1sg.m):
दुखूँगा
(dukhoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
दुखूँगी
(dukhoongii)
future (1pl.m):
दुखेंगे
(dukhenge)
future (1pl.f):
दुखेंगी
(dukhengii)
future (2sg.m):
दुखेगा
(dukhegaa)
future (2sg.f):
दुखेगी
(dukhegii)
future (2pl.m):
दुखोगे
(dukhoge)
future (2pl.f):
दुखोगी
(dukhogii)
future (3sg.m):
दुखेगा
(dukhegaa)
future (3sg.f):
दुखेगी
(dukhegii)
future (3pl.m):
दुखेंगे
(dukhenge)
future (3pl.f):
दुखेंगी
(dukhengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
दुखूँ
(dukhoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
दुखें
(dukhen)
subjunctive (2sg):
दुखे
(dukhe)
subjunctive (2pl):
दुखो
(dukho)
subjunctive (3sg):
दुखे
(dukhe)
subjunctive (3pl):
दुखें
(dukhen)