खाँसना (khaansnaa)

verb A simple, everyday verb meaning 'to cough'. It has one core sense, used both literally (a physical cough) and sometimes as a small conversational sound-effect verb.
Sense 1 : to cough
verb, intransitive
Synonyms: खाँसी आना (khaansii aanaa, phrase, lit. 'a cough comes')
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You will hear this verb a lot in winter in Delhi when the smog sets in -- someone politely excusing a coughing fit might say माफ़ कीजिए, खाँस रहा हूँ (maaf kiijie, khaans rahaa hoon, 'sorry, I'm coughing'). Related noun खाँसी (khaansii, 'a cough') is the word you will actually use most, as in मुझे खाँसी है (mujhe khaansii hai, 'I have a cough') -- the two words are cousins worth learning together.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for खाँसी होना (khaansii honaa) or खाँसी आना (khaansii aanaa) to describe having a cough as a condition, and then are unsure how खाँसना (khaansnaa) itself fits in -- खाँसना (khaansnaa) is the actual act of coughing (the sound/action in the moment), while खाँसी (khaansii) is the noun for the ailment or fit of coughing. 2) Because it is intransitive, it is easy to wrongly add ने (ne) in the past tense -- वह खाँसा (vah khaansaa, 'he coughed'), not उसने खाँसा।
Sample Sentences:
सर्दियों में दिल्ली का धुआँ इतना बढ़ जाता है कि लोग सड़क पर खाँसने लगते हैं। In winter, Delhi's smog increases so much that people start coughing on the street.
(sardiyon men dillii kaa dhuaan itnaa badh jaataa hai ki log sadak par khaansne lagte hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माफ़ कीजिए, खाँस रहा हूँ, गला थोड़ा खराब है। Sorry, I'm coughing, my throat is a bit off.
(maaf kiijie, khaans rahaa hoon, galaa thodaa kharaab hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह रात भर खाँसता रहा और किसी को सोने नहीं दिया। He kept coughing all night and didn't let anyone sleep.
(vah raat bhar khaanstaa rahaa aur kisii ko sone nahiin diyaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बच्चा इतना खाँसा कि उसकी माँ डर गई। The child coughed so much that his mother got scared.
(bachchaa itnaa khaansaa ki uskii maan dar gaii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम धूल में जाओगे तो खाँसने लगोगे। If you go into the dust, you'll start coughing.
(agar tum dhool men jaaoge to khaansne lagoge।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
यहाँ मत खाँसो, बाहर जाकर खाँसो। Don't cough here, go outside and cough.
(yahaan mat khaanso, baahar jaakar khaanso।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
डॉक्टर ने कहा कि अगर वह लगातार खाँसे तो जाँच करानी होगी। The doctor said that if he keeps coughing continuously, a checkup will be needed.
(doktar ne kahaa ki agar vah lagaataar khaanse to jaanch karaanii hogii।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
अगर वह इतना धुआँ न पीता तो इस तरह न खाँसता। If he didn't smoke so much, he wouldn't cough like this.
(agar vah itnaa dhuaan n piitaa to is tarah n khaanstaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
प्रदूषण की वजह से हर तीसरा आदमी सड़क पर खाँसता मिलता है। Because of pollution, every third person can be found coughing on the street.
(pradooshan kii vajah se har tiisraa aadmii sadak par khaanstaa miltaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Verb
infinitive: खाँसना (khaansnaa)
infinitive oblique: खाँसने (khaansne)
habitual/simple (sg.m): खाँसता (khaanstaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m): खाँसते (khaanste)
habitual/simple (sg.f): खाँसती (khaanstii)
habitual/simple (pl.f): खाँसतीं (khaanstiin)
continuous (sg.m): खाँस रहा (khaans rahaa)
continuous (pl.m): खाँस रहे (khaans rahe)
continuous (sg.f): खाँस रही (khaans rahii)
continuous (pl.f): खाँस रहीं (khaans rahiin)
perfective (sg.m): खाँसा (khaansaa)
perfective (pl.m): खाँसे (khaanse)
perfective (sg.f): खाँसी (khaansii)
perfective (pl.f): खाँसीं (khaansiin)
imperative (informal): खाँस (khaans)
imperative (neutral): खाँसो (khaanso)
imperative (formal): खाँसिए (khaansie)
future (1sg.m): खाँसूँगा (khaansoongaa)
future (1sg.f): खाँसूँगी (khaansoongii)
future (1pl.m): खाँसेंगे (khaansenge)
future (1pl.f): खाँसेंगी (khaansengii)
future (2sg.m): खाँसेगा (khaansegaa)
future (2sg.f): खाँसेगी (khaansegii)
future (2pl.m): खाँसोगे (khaansoge)
future (2pl.f): खाँसोगी (khaansogii)
future (3sg.m): खाँसेगा (khaansegaa)
future (3sg.f): खाँसेगी (khaansegii)
future (3pl.m): खाँसेंगे (khaansenge)
future (3pl.f): खाँसेंगी (khaansengii)
subjunctive (1sg): खाँसूँ (khaansoon)
subjunctive (1pl): खाँसें (khaansen)
subjunctive (2sg): खाँसे (khaanse)
subjunctive (2pl): खाँसो (khaanso)
subjunctive (3sg): खाँसे (khaanse)
subjunctive (3pl): खाँसें (khaansen)