थकाना (thakaanaa)
verb
The causative of थकना (thaknaa, 'to become tired'): थकाना (thakaanaa) means 'to tire someone/something out, to exhaust.'
Sense
1
:
to tire someone out, to exhaust (physically)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: थका देना (thakaa denaa, compound verb variant), निढाल कर देना (nidhaal kar denaa, to leave limp/exhausted)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Think of the base pair थकना/थकाना (thaknaa/thakaanaa) the way you'd think of 'to get tired' vs. 'to tire someone out' in English -- one is about your own state, the other is about causing that state in someone else. You'll often hear it in the compound form थका देना (thakaa denaa), as in दिनभर की गर्मी ने थका दिया (dinbhar kii garmii ne thakaa diyaa, 'the day's heat wore me out'), where the compound adds a sense of completion to the exhaustion.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for थकना (thaknaa) with a causative meaning in mind, but थकना (thaknaa) itself is intransitive ('to become tired') -- to say someone/something tired *you* out, you need this separate causative verb थकाना (thakaanaa), with the tired person as its object: इस काम ने मुझे थका दिया (is kaam ne mujhe thakaa diyaa, 'this work tired me out').
Sample Sentences:
इतनी ज्यादा सीढ़ियाँ चढ़ने से बच्चे थक जाते हैं।
Climbing so many stairs tires the children out.
(itnii jyaadaa siidhiyaan chadhne se bachche thak jaate hain।)
दिनभर की गर्मी ने मुझे थका दिया।
The day's heat wore me out.
(dinbhar kii garmii ne mujhe thakaa diyaa।)
इतनी दूर मत दौड़ाओ उसे, थका दोगे बेचारे को।
Don't make him run so far, you'll tire the poor guy out.
(itnii door mat daudaao use, thakaa doge bechaare ko।)
कोच जान-बूझकर खिलाड़ियों को थकाता है ताकि उनकी सहनशक्ति बढ़े।
The coach deliberately tires the players out so that their stamina increases.
(koch jaan-boojhkar khilaadiyon ko thakaataa hai taaki unkii sahanshakti badhe।)
अगर हम इस बच्चे को दोपहर में इतना खेलने देते तो वह इतना थक जाता कि रात को अच्छे से सो जाता।
If we had let this child play so much in the afternoon, he would have gotten so tired out that he would have slept well at night.
(agar ham is bachche ko dopahar men itnaa khelne dete to vah itnaa thak jaataa ki raat ko achchhe se so jaataa।)
उसे मत थकाओ, कल उसकी परीक्षा है।
Don't tire him out, he has an exam tomorrow.
(use mat thakaao, kal uskii pariikshaa hai।)
लंबी यात्रा ने घोड़ों को पूरी तरह थका दिया।
The long journey completely tired the horses out.
(lambii yaatraa ne ghodon ko poorii tarah thakaa diyaa।)
मजदूरों को इतने घंटे काम में थकाया जाता है कि शाम तक उनसे खड़ा भी नहीं हुआ जाता।
The laborers are worked so many hours that by evening they can't even stand up.
(majdooron ko itne ghante kaam men thakaayaa jaataa hai ki shaam tak unse khadaa bhii nahiin huaa jaataa।)
शायद उसे इतना थका दिया गया हो कि वह आज उठ ही न पाए।
Maybe he was tired out so much that he simply can't get up today.
(shaayad use itnaa thakaa diyaa gayaa ho ki vah aaj uth hii n paae।)
मालिक इतना काम देता था कि नौकर थकते-थकते शाम तक बिस्तर पर गिर जाते थे।
The master used to give so much work that the servants, worn out, would collapse onto their beds by evening.
(maalik itnaa kaam detaa thaa ki naukar thakte-thakte shaam tak bistar par gir jaate the।)
Sense
2
:
to wear someone down, exhaust mentally/emotionally
verb, transitive
Synonyms: परेशान करना (pareshaan karnaa, to trouble/harass), ऊबाना (oobaanaa, to bore)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This figurative use extends the physical tiredness of थकना (thaknaa) to mental or emotional fatigue -- a boring meeting, a nagging relative, or endless arguments can सबको थका देना (sabko thakaa denaa, 'wear everyone out'), just as a long walk would.
Sample Sentences:
उसकी बहस ने मुझे थका दिया।
His arguing wore me out mentally.
(uskii bahas ne mujhe thakaa diyaa।)
यह मीटिंग सबको थका देती है।
This meeting exhausts everyone (mentally).
(yah miiting sabko thakaa detii hai।)
उसकी रोज़ की शिकायतें मुझे थकाती जा रही हैं।
Her daily complaints are gradually wearing me down.
(uskii roz kii shikaayten mujhe thakaatii jaa rahii hain।)
मत थकाओ मुझे इन्हीं बातों से बार-बार।
Don't wear me out with the same things again and again.
(mat thakaao mujhe inhiin baaton se baar-baar।)
अगर वह हर बात पर टोकता तो मुझे बहुत थका देता।
If he interrupted over every little thing, it would exhaust me a lot.
(agar vah har baat par toktaa to mujhe bahut thakaa detaa।)
इस तरह की उलझी हुई बातचीत आदमी को थका सकती है।
This kind of convoluted conversation can wear a person out.
(is tarah kii uljhii huii baatchiit aadmii ko thakaa saktii hai।)
उम्मीद है कि यह लंबा झगड़ा उसे ज़्यादा न थका दे।
Hopefully this long quarrel doesn't wear him out too much.
(ummiid hai ki yah lambaa jhagdaa use zyaadaa n thakaa de।)
बच्चों की लगातार ज़िद ने माँ को पूरी तरह थका दिया।
The children's constant nagging completely wore the mother out.
(bachchon kii lagaataar zid ne maan ko poorii tarah thakaa diyaa।)
इस उलझन ने उसे मानसिक रूप से थका दिया था।
This confusion had exhausted him mentally.
(is uljhan ne use maansik roop se thakaa diyaa thaa।)
रिश्तेदारों के लगातार सवालों ने उसे थका दिया।
The relatives' endless questions wore her out.
(rishtedaaron ke lagaataar savaalon ne use thakaa diyaa।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
थकाना
(thakaanaa)
infinitive oblique:
थकाने
(thakaane)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
थकाता
(thakaataa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
थकाते
(thakaate)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
थकाती
(thakaatii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
थकातीं
(thakaatiin)
continuous (sg.m):
थका रहा
(thakaa rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
थका रहे
(thakaa rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
थका रही
(thakaa rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
थका रहीं
(thakaa rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
थकाया
(thakaayaa)
perfective (pl.m):
थकाए
(thakaae)
perfective (sg.f):
थकाई
(thakaaii)
perfective (pl.f):
थकाईं
(thakaaiin)
imperative (informal):
थका
(thakaa)
imperative (neutral):
थकाओ
(thakaao)
imperative (formal):
थकाइए
(thakaaie)
future (1sg.m):
थकाऊँगा
(thakaaoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
थकाऊँगी
(thakaaoongii)
future (1pl.m):
थकाएँगे
(thakaaenge)
future (1pl.f):
थकाएँगी
(thakaaengii)
future (2sg.m):
थकाएगा
(thakaaegaa)
future (2sg.f):
थकाएगी
(thakaaegii)
future (2pl.m):
थकाओगे
(thakaaoge)
future (2pl.f):
थकाओगी
(thakaaogii)
future (3sg.m):
थकाएगा
(thakaaegaa)
future (3sg.f):
थकाएगी
(thakaaegii)
future (3pl.m):
थकाएँगे
(thakaaenge)
future (3pl.f):
थकाएँगी
(thakaaengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
थकाऊँ
(thakaaoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
थकाएँ
(thakaaen)
subjunctive (2sg):
थकाए
(thakaae)
subjunctive (2pl):
थकाओ
(thakaao)
subjunctive (3sg):
थकाए
(thakaae)
subjunctive (3pl):
थकाएँ
(thakaaen)