फेंकना (phenknaa)
verb
Basic transitive verb meaning 'to throw'; also has a colloquial figurative sense of boasting/exaggerating -- 'talking big'.
Sense
1
:
to throw, hurl, toss
verb, transitive
Synonyms: फेंक देना (phenk denaa, with completive), उछालना (uchhaalnaa, to toss/fling upward), डालना (daalnaa, to throw/put in casually)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this constantly in daily life -- कूड़ा फेंको (koodaa phenko, throw out the trash) is a staple household command, and बॉल फेंको (bol phenko, throw the ball) is standard playground Hindi. The verb pairs very naturally with देना (denaa) as a completive: फेंक दो (phenk do, go ahead and throw it/throw it away).
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often forget the compound-verb form फेंक देना (phenk denaa) which native speakers use by default for a completed throw -- bare फेंका (phenkaa) alone can sound incomplete or overly literary in casual speech. 2) With कूड़ा फेंकना (koodaa phenknaa, to throw away trash), को (ko) marks the destination/recipient if there is one -- e.g. मुझ पर फेंकना (mujh par phenknaa, to throw at me) uses पर (par), not को (ko).
Sample Sentences:
कूड़ा फेंको, कमरा गंदा हो रहा है।
Throw out the trash, the room is getting dirty.
(koodaa phenko, kamraa gandaa ho rahaa hai।)
बॉल इधर फेंको, मैं पकड़ लूँगा।
Throw the ball this way, I'll catch it.
(bol idhar phenko, main pakad loongaa।)
उसने गुस्से में फोन दीवार पर फेंक दिया।
He angrily threw the phone against the wall.
(usne gusse men phon diivaar par phenk diyaa।)
बच्चे पार्क में एक-दूसरे पर पानी फेंक रहे थे।
The kids were throwing water at each other in the park.
(bachche paark men ek-doosre par paanii phenk rahe the।)
वह हर बार कागज़ का टुकड़ा गलत टोकरी में फेंक देता है।
He throws the piece of paper into the wrong basket every single time.
(vah har baar kaagaz kaa tukdaa galat tokrii men phenk detaa hai।)
ये पुराने कपड़े फेंक दो, अब किसी काम के नहीं हैं।
Throw away these old clothes, they're not useful anymore.
(ye puraane kapde phenk do, ab kisii kaam ke nahiin hain।)
अगर तुम पत्थर फेंकोगे तो शीशा टूट जाएगा।
If you throw a stone, the glass will break.
(agar tum patthar phenkoge to shiishaa toot jaaegaa।)
काश वह गेंद इतनी दूर न फेंकता।
I wish he hadn't thrown the ball so far.
(kaash vah gend itnii door n phenktaa।)
यह सामान बाहर फेंका जाना चाहिए, यह अब खराब हो गया है।
This stuff should be thrown out, it's gone bad now.
(yah saamaan baahar phenkaa jaanaa chaahie, yah ab kharaab ho gayaa hai।)
प्लास्टिक की बोतलें यहाँ-वहाँ मत फेंकिए, कृपया डस्टबिन का उपयोग करें।
Please do not throw plastic bottles here and there; kindly use the dustbin.
(plaastik kii botlen yahaan-vahaan mat phenkie, kripyaa dastbin kaa upyog karen।)
गेंद इतनी तेज़ फेंकी गई कि बैटर संभल ही नहीं पाया।
The ball was thrown so fast that the batter couldn't even react.
(gend itnii tez phenkii gaii ki baitar sambhal hii nahiin paayaa।)
Sense
2
:
to boast, talk big, exaggerate (colloquial)
verb, intransitive Used intransitively/absolutely in this sense, often without a direct object -- वह बहुत फेंकता है (vah bahut phenktaa hai, 'he talks a lot of nonsense/exaggerates a lot').
Synonyms: गप्प मारना (gapp maarnaa, to chat/bluff casually), डींग मारना (diing maarnaa, to boast/brag), बड़ी-बड़ी बातें करना (badii-badii baaten karnaa, to talk big)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is classic college-friends-group Hindi -- कितना फेंकता है यार! (kitnaa phenktaa hai yaar!, 'dude, he exaggerates so much!') is the kind of line you'd hear when someone claims an unbelievable achievement. It is playful teasing more than a serious accusation of lying.
Common Mistakes: 1) This sense is strictly colloquial and can sound odd or even rude in formal writing or polite address to elders/strangers -- stick to it with friends and peers. 2) Learners sometimes miss that no object is needed here, unlike the literal throwing sense -- फेंकना (phenknaa) alone can mean 'to boast' in context.
Sample Sentences:
कितना फेंकता है यार!
Dude, he exaggerates so much!
(kitnaa phenktaa hai yaar!)
वो हमेशा अपनी तनख्वाह के बारे में फेंकता है।
He always exaggerates about his salary.
(vo hameshaa apnii tanakhvaah ke baare men phenktaa hai।)
मत फेंक, सच बता कि तूने परीक्षा में क्या लिखा था।
Stop bluffing, tell me the truth about what you wrote in the exam.
(mat phenk, sach bataa ki toone pariikshaa men kyaa likhaa thaa।)
वो पार्टी में फेंक रहा था कि उसने तीन गर्लफ्रेंड्स को डेट किया है।
He was bragging at the party that he'd dated three girlfriends.
(vo paartii men phenk rahaa thaa ki usne tiin garlaphrends ko det kiyaa hai।)
अगर वो थोड़ा कम फेंकता तो लोग उसकी बातों पर भरोसा करते।
If he exaggerated a little less, people would believe what he says.
(agar vo thodaa kam phenktaa to log uskii baaton par bharosaa karte।)
यार, इतना मत फेंक, हम सब जानते हैं तू फेल हुआ था।
Bro, don't exaggerate so much, we all know you failed.
(yaar, itnaa mat phenk, ham sab jaante hain too phel huaa thaa।)
शायद वो फेंक रहा हो, उसकी बातों में कोई सबूत नहीं है।
Maybe he's just talking big, there's no proof in what he says.
(shaayad vo phenk rahaa ho, uskii baaton men koii saboot nahiin hai।)
उसने इंटरव्यू में इतना फेंका कि एचआर वाले भी हैरान हो गए।
He bluffed so much in the interview that even the HR people were stunned.
(usne intravyoo men itnaa phenkaa ki echaaar vaale bhii hairaan ho gae।)
फेंकने में उसका कोई मुकाबला नहीं है, पूरा कॉलेज जानता है।
Nobody can match him at bragging, the whole college knows it.
(phenkne men uskaa koii mukaablaa nahiin hai, pooraa kolej jaantaa hai।)
वो कल फिर फेंकेगा कि उसकी कंपनी में प्रोमोशन पक्का है।
He'll be bragging again tomorrow that his promotion at the company is a sure thing.
(vo kal phir phenkegaa ki uskii kampnii men promoshan pakkaa hai।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
फेंकना
(phenknaa)
infinitive oblique:
फेंकने
(phenkne)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
फेंकता
(phenktaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
फेंकते
(phenkte)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
फेंकती
(phenktii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
फेंकतीं
(phenktiin)
continuous (sg.m):
फेंक रहा
(phenk rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
फेंक रहे
(phenk rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
फेंक रही
(phenk rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
फेंक रहीं
(phenk rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
फेंका
(phenkaa)
perfective (pl.m):
फेंके
(phenke)
perfective (sg.f):
फेंकी
(phenkii)
perfective (pl.f):
फेंकीं
(phenkiin)
imperative (informal):
फेंक
(phenk)
imperative (neutral):
फेंको
(phenko)
imperative (formal):
फेंकिए
(phenkie)
future (1sg.m):
फेंकूँगा
(phenkoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
फेंकूँगी
(phenkoongii)
future (1pl.m):
फेंकेंगे
(phenkenge)
future (1pl.f):
फेंकेंगी
(phenkengii)
future (2sg.m):
फेंकेगा
(phenkegaa)
future (2sg.f):
फेंकेगी
(phenkegii)
future (2pl.m):
फेंकोगे
(phenkoge)
future (2pl.f):
फेंकोगी
(phenkogii)
future (3sg.m):
फेंकेगा
(phenkegaa)
future (3sg.f):
फेंकेगी
(phenkegii)
future (3pl.m):
फेंकेंगे
(phenkenge)
future (3pl.f):
फेंकेंगी
(phenkengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
फेंकूँ
(phenkoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
फेंकें
(phenken)
subjunctive (2sg):
फेंके
(phenke)
subjunctive (2pl):
फेंको
(phenko)
subjunctive (3sg):
फेंके
(phenke)
subjunctive (3pl):
फेंकें
(phenken)