उगना (ugnaa)
verb
A single, concrete sense: 'to grow / sprout / rise' -- used for plants sprouting and for the sun/moon/stars rising.
Sense
1
:
to grow, sprout (of plants)
verb, intransitive
Synonyms: पैदा होना (paidaa honaa), उपजना (upajnaa, rare)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Think of a seed pushing itself up out of the soil on its own -- that self-starting quality is why this verb is intransitive. Its causative partner उगाना (ugaanaa) is the word you reach for the moment a farmer or gardener is doing the growing.
Common Mistakes: 1) उगना (ugnaa) is intransitive -- the plant itself is the subject that sprouts. Do not confuse with उगाना (ugaanaa), the causative 'to grow (something), to cultivate,' which needs ने (ne) with a transitive subject: किसान ने गेहूँ उगाया (kisaan ne gehoon ugaayaa, 'the farmer grew wheat') versus गेहूँ उगा (gehoon ugaa, 'the wheat grew/sprouted').
Sample Sentences:
बारिश के बाद घास तेज़ी से उगती है।
After the rain, grass grows quickly.
(baarish ke baad ghaas tezii se ugtii hai।)
गमले में एक नया पौधा उग रहा है।
A new plant is sprouting in the pot.
(gamle men ek nayaa paudhaa ug rahaa hai।)
पिछले हफ़्ते बगीचे में कई फूल उगे।
Many flowers sprouted in the garden last week.
(pichhle hafte bagiiche men kaii phool uge।)
अगर बीज ठीक से बोया जाए, तो जल्दी उगेगा।
If the seed is sown properly, it will sprout quickly.
(agar biij thiik se boyaa jaae, to jaldii ugegaa।)
काश यह पेड़ इतनी जल्दी न उगता, तो छाया अभी न मिलती।
If only this tree hadn't grown so fast, we wouldn't be getting shade already.
(kaash yah ped itnii jaldii n ugtaa, to chhaayaa abhii n miltii।)
अगर धूप ठीक से मिले, तो टमाटर के पौधे अच्छे उगें।
If they get proper sunlight, tomato plants may grow well.
(agar dhoop thiik se mile, to tamaatar ke paudhe achchhe ugen।)
बंजर ज़मीन में मुश्किल से कुछ उगता है।
In barren land, hardly anything grows.
(banjar zamiin men mushkil se kuchh ugtaa hai।)
इस मिट्टी में गेहूँ नहीं उगाया जा सकता, फिर भी घास उग जाती है।
Wheat can't be grown in this soil, yet grass still ends up sprouting.
(is mittii men gehoon nahiin ugaayaa jaa saktaa, phir bhii ghaas ug jaatii hai।)
देखो, दीवार की दरार से भी एक पौधा उग आया है।
Look, a plant has even sprouted from the crack in the wall.
(dekho, diivaar kii daraar se bhii ek paudhaa ug aayaa hai।)
इतना पानी मत दो, वरना जड़ें सड़ जाएँगी और कुछ नहीं उगेगा।
Don't give this much water, otherwise the roots will rot and nothing will grow.
(itnaa paanii mat do, varnaa jaden sad jaaengii aur kuchh nahiin ugegaa।)
Sense
2
:
to rise (of sun, moon, stars)
verb, intransitive
Synonyms: निकलना (nikalnaa), उदय होना (uday honaa, literary)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Hindi extends the same verb from a seed breaking through soil to the sun breaking over the horizon -- both are things that emerge upward into view, which is a nice bit of shared imagery to hold onto.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for निकलना (nikalnaa) for 'the sun rose,' which is also correct and more common in casual speech -- सूरज उगना (sooraj ugnaa) sounds a touch more descriptive/literary but is still everyday usable, especially with सूरज (sooraj) and चाँद (chaand).
Sample Sentences:
सूरज पूरब से उगता है।
The sun rises in the east.
(sooraj poorab se ugtaa hai।)
आज चाँद बहुत देर से उगा।
The moon rose very late today.
(aaj chaand bahut der se ugaa।)
सूरज उग रहा है, चलो छत पर चलते हैं।
The sun is rising, let's go up to the roof.
(sooraj ug rahaa hai, chalo chhat par chalte hain।)
कल सूरज साढ़े छह बजे उगेगा।
Tomorrow the sun will rise at six thirty.
(kal sooraj saadhe chhah baje ugegaa।)
पहाड़ों में तारे बहुत साफ़ उगते दिखते हैं।
In the mountains, the stars appear to rise very clearly.
(pahaadon men taare bahut saaf ugte dikhte hain।)
जब चाँद उगता, तो वह अकेली छत पर बैठी रहती थी।
Whenever the moon would rise, she would sit alone on the roof.
(jab chaand ugtaa, to vah akelii chhat par baithii rahtii thii।)
अगर सूरज पश्चिम से उगता, तो शायद दुनिया कुछ और होती।
If the sun rose in the west, the world would perhaps be something else.
(agar sooraj pashchim se ugtaa, to shaayad duniyaa kuchh aur hotii।)
सूरज उगने से पहले ही वह निकल गया।
He left even before the sun rose.
(sooraj ugne se pahle hii vah nikal gayaa।)
शायद बादलों की वजह से आज तारे न उगें।
Perhaps the stars won't rise today because of the clouds.
(shaayad baadlon kii vajah se aaj taare n ugen।)
सूर्योदय के समय सूर्य क्षितिज से उगता प्रतीत होता है।
At the time of sunrise, the sun appears to rise from the horizon.
(sooryoday ke samay soory kshitij se ugtaa pratiit hotaa hai।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
उगना
(ugnaa)
infinitive oblique:
उगने
(ugne)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
उगता
(ugtaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
उगते
(ugte)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
उगती
(ugtii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
उगतीं
(ugtiin)
continuous (sg.m):
उग रहा
(ug rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
उग रहे
(ug rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
उग रही
(ug rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
उग रहीं
(ug rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
उगा
(ugaa)
perfective (pl.m):
उगे
(uge)
perfective (sg.f):
उगी
(ugii)
perfective (pl.f):
उगीं
(ugiin)
imperative (informal):
उग
(ug)
imperative (neutral):
उगो
(ugo)
imperative (formal):
उगिए
(ugie)
future (1sg.m):
उगूँगा
(ugoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
उगूँगी
(ugoongii)
future (1pl.m):
उगेंगे
(ugenge)
future (1pl.f):
उगेंगी
(ugengii)
future (2sg.m):
उगेगा
(ugegaa)
future (2sg.f):
उगेगी
(ugegii)
future (2pl.m):
उगोगे
(ugoge)
future (2pl.f):
उगोगी
(ugogii)
future (3sg.m):
उगेगा
(ugegaa)
future (3sg.f):
उगेगी
(ugegii)
future (3pl.m):
उगेंगे
(ugenge)
future (3pl.f):
उगेंगी
(ugengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
उगूँ
(ugoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
उगें
(ugen)
subjunctive (2sg):
उगे
(uge)
subjunctive (2pl):
उगो
(ugo)
subjunctive (3sg):
उगे
(uge)
subjunctive (3pl):
उगें
(ugen)