फोड़ना (phodnaa)

verb A transitive verb meaning 'to burst, break, or smash' something (like a balloon or a coconut); it also extends into a few vivid figurative senses about revealing secrets or causing a rift. Its intransitive partner is फूटना (phootnaa, 'to burst/break on its own').
Sense 1 : to burst, break, smash (a physical object)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: तोड़ना (todnaa, breaking generally), फोड़ फेंकना (phod phenknaa, colloquial)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Think of नारियल फोड़ना (naariyal phodnaa, 'to smash a coconut'), a common ritual gesture at temple openings, new car purchases, or before starting something auspicious -- it is the default verb Delhi shopkeepers and priests alike use for that act. The mental image is always of applying force to something that then bursts open, which is why it pairs naturally with पानी का गुब्बारा (paanii kaa gubbaaraa, 'water balloon') during Holi.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often use तोड़ना (todnaa) for everything broken, but फोड़ना (phodnaa) specifically implies something that bursts or cracks open under pressure -- a balloon, an egg, a boil, a coconut -- rather than snapping or shattering into pieces like तोड़ना (todnaa) suggests. 2) Do not confuse with its intransitive partner फूटना (phootnaa); फोड़ना (phodnaa) always needs an agent doing the bursting, e.g. उसने गुब्बारा फोड़ा (usne gubbaaraa phodaa, 'he burst the balloon') versus गुब्बारा फूट गया (gubbaaraa phoot gayaa, 'the balloon burst').
Sample Sentences:
पंडित जी ने मंदिर के बाहर नारियल फोड़ा। The priest smashed a coconut outside the temple.
(pandit jii ne mandir ke baahar naariyal phodaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
होली में बच्चे एक-दूसरे पर पानी के गुब्बारे फोड़ते हैं। During Holi, kids burst water balloons on each other.
(holii men bachche ek-doosre par paanii ke gubbaare phodte hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
नई गाड़ी लेने से पहले नारियल फोड़ना मत भूलना। Don't forget to smash a coconut before taking the new car.
(naii gaadii lene se pahle naariyal phodnaa mat bhoolnaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
उसने गुस्से में गिलास फोड़ दिया। He smashed the glass in anger.
(usne gusse men gilaas phod diyaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
दुकानदार रोज़ सुबह दुकान खोलने से पहले नारियल फोड़ता है। The shopkeeper smashes a coconut every morning before opening the shop.
(dukaandaar roz subah dukaan kholne se pahle naariyal phodtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर तुमने वह अंडा ज़मीन पर गिराया तो वह फूट जाएगा, इसलिए संभालकर फोड़ना। If you drop that egg on the ground it will burst, so crack it carefully.
(agar tumne vah andaa zamiin par giraayaa to vah phoot jaaegaa, islie sambhaalkar phodnaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
पूजा शुरू होने से पहले सबने मिलकर नारियल फोड़े। Before the puja began, everyone smashed coconuts together.
(poojaa shuroo hone se pahle sabne milkar naariyal phode।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मिस्त्री हथौड़े से पुरानी टाइल फोड़ रहा है। The mason is smashing the old tile with a hammer.
(mistrii hathaude se puraanii taail phod rahaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
शुभ अवसर पर नारियल फोड़ा जाता है ताकि सारी बाधाएँ दूर हो जाएँ। On auspicious occasions, a coconut is smashed so that all obstacles are removed.
(shubh avsar par naariyal phodaa jaataa hai taaki saarii baadhaaen door ho jaaen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
काश मैंने वह बर्तन इतनी ज़ोर से न फोड़ा होता। I wish I hadn't smashed that pot so hard.
(kaash mainne vah bartan itnii zor se n phodaa hotaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम मेरे लिए यह नारियल फोड़ सकते हो? Can you smash this coconut for me?
(kyaa tum mere lie yah naariyal phod sakte ho?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उद्घाटन समारोह में मुख्य अतिथि से नारियल फोड़वाया गया। At the inauguration ceremony, the chief guest was made to smash the coconut.
(udghaatan samaaroh men mukhy atithi se naariyal phodvaayaa gayaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
Sense 2 : to reveal/spill a secret
verb, transitive Used idiomatically with भेद (bhed, 'secret') or राज़ (raaz, 'secret') as object, e.g. राज़ फोड़ना (raaz phodnaa, 'to spill the secret').
Synonyms: खोलना (kholnaa, to reveal), उजागर करना (ujaagar karnaa, formal)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: The image carried over from the physical sense is vivid: a secret sits inside someone like pressure inside a balloon, and फोड़ना (phodnaa) is what happens when it finally bursts out, often under interrogation or gossip. You will hear this in dramatic contexts like police dramas: राज़ फोड़ दो (raaz phod do, 'spill the secret!').
Common Mistakes: 1) This figurative sense only works with secret-type objects like राज़ (raaz) or भेद (bhed) -- you cannot use फोड़ना (phodnaa) to mean 'reveal' with just any information, e.g. news or facts, where बताना (bataanaa) or खोलना (kholnaa) is more natural.
Sample Sentences:
पुलिस ने आखिरकार उससे राज़ फुड़वा ही दिया। The police finally got him to spill the secret.
(pulis ne aakhirkaar usse raaz phudvaa hii diyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
राज़ फोड़ दो, वरना यहीं बैठे रहोगे। Spill the secret, or you'll be sitting right here.
(raaz phod do, varnaa yahiin baithe rahoge।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
मुझे डर है कि वह नशे में सब कुछ फोड़ देगा। I'm afraid he'll blurt everything out while drunk.
(mujhe dar hai ki vah nashe men sab kuchh phod degaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर उसे थोड़ा भी शक होता, तो वह सब फोड़ देती। If she had had even a little suspicion, she would have blurted everything out.
(agar use thodaa bhii shak hotaa, to vah sab phod detii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
वह हर बार शराब पीकर कोई न कोई भेद फोड़ देता है। Every time he drinks, he ends up letting slip some secret or the other.
(vah har baar sharaab piikar koii n koii bhed phod detaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
क्या तुमने उसे यह भेद फोड़ने के लिए मजबूर किया? Did you force him to reveal this secret?
(kyaa tumne use yah bhed phodne ke lie majboor kiyaa?)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
आरोपी से पूछताछ चल रही है, शायद वह जल्द ही राज़ फोड़ दे। The accused is being interrogated; perhaps he will spill the secret soon.
(aaropii se poochhtaachh chal rahii hai, shaayad vah jald hii raaz phod de।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
गुस्से में उसने अपने भाई की सारी पोल फोड़ दी। In his anger, he blurted out all his brother's secrets.
(gusse men usne apne bhaaii kii saarii pol phod dii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह राज़ इतनी आसानी से फोड़ा नहीं जाएगा। This secret will not be revealed so easily.
(yah raaz itnii aasaanii se phodaa nahiin jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
Sense 3 : to cause a rift/split (between people)
verb, transitive Common in the fixed idiom फूट डालना (phoot daalnaa, 'to sow discord'), where फूट (phoot, 'discord') is a noun derived from the same root; also heard as दो लोगों में फूट डालना/फोड़ना (do logon men phoot daalnaa).
Synonyms: बिगाड़ना (bigaadnaa, to spoil relations), फूट डालना (phoot daalnaa, set phrase)
Frequency: low
Cultural Note: This sense connects to the political idiom फूट डालो और राज करो (phoot daalo aur raaj karo, 'divide and rule'), a phrase every Indian schoolchild learns in history class about colonial strategy. The underlying logic is the same 'bursting open' image applied to a group -- pressure or manipulation splits people apart the way it splits open a fruit.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes try to use फोड़ना (phodnaa) alone for 'to divide people' without realizing the far more common idiom is फूट डालना (phoot daalnaa) using the related noun फूट (phoot) rather than the verb फोड़ना (phodnaa) directly.
Sample Sentences:
उसने अफवाहें फैलाकर दोनों भाइयों में फूट डाल दी। He spread rumors and caused a rift between the two brothers.
(usne aphvaahen phailaakar donon bhaaiyon men phoot daal dii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अंग्रेज़ों ने फूट डालो और राज करो की नीति से हिन्दुस्तान पर सालों तक शासन किया। The British ruled India for years through the policy of divide and rule.
(angrezon ne phoot daalo aur raaj karo kii niiti se hindustaan par saalon tak shaasan kiyaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह आदमी हमेशा दोस्तों के बीच फूट डालने की कोशिश करता है। This man always tries to cause a rift between friends.
(yah aadmii hameshaa doston ke biich phoot daalne kii koshish kartaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कहीं वह हमारी पार्टनरशिप में फूट न डाल दे, इसलिए सावधान रहना। Be careful, in case he causes a rift in our partnership.
(kahiin vah hamaarii paartnarship men phoot n daal de, islie saavdhaan rahnaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
अगर उसने बीच में फूट न डाली होती, तो दोनों परिवार अब भी साथ रहते। If he hadn't caused a rift between them, both families would still be living together.
(agar usne biich men phoot n daalii hotii, to donon parivaar ab bhii saath rahte।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
किसी षड्यंत्रकारी द्वारा भाइयों में फूट डाली गई थी, ऐसा बाद में पता चला। It later came to light that a rift had been caused between the brothers by some conspirator.
(kisii shadyantrkaarii dvaaraa bhaaiyon men phoot daalii gaii thii, aisaa baad men pataa chalaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
दुश्मन देश हमेशा पड़ोसी राज्यों के बीच फूट डालने की चाल चलते हैं। Enemy nations always play tricks to cause rifts between neighboring states.
(dushman desh hameshaa padosii raajyon ke biich phoot daalne kii chaal chalte hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
तू हमारे भाईचारे में फूट डालने की सोच भी मत! Don't even think about causing a rift in our brotherhood!
(too hamaare bhaaiichaare men phoot daalne kii soch bhii mat!)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Verb
infinitive: फोड़ना (phodnaa)
infinitive oblique: फोड़ने (phodne)
habitual/simple (sg.m): फोड़ता (phodtaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m): फोड़ते (phodte)
habitual/simple (sg.f): फोड़ती (phodtii)
habitual/simple (pl.f): फोड़तीं (phodtiin)
continuous (sg.m): फोड़ रहा (phod rahaa)
continuous (pl.m): फोड़ रहे (phod rahe)
continuous (sg.f): फोड़ रही (phod rahii)
continuous (pl.f): फोड़ रहीं (phod rahiin)
perfective (sg.m): फोड़ा (phodaa)
perfective (pl.m): फोड़े (phode)
perfective (sg.f): फोड़ी (phodii)
perfective (pl.f): फोड़ीं (phodiin)
imperative (informal): फोड़ (phod)
imperative (neutral): फोड़ो (phodo)
imperative (formal): फोड़िए (phodie)
future (1sg.m): फोड़ूँगा (phodoongaa)
future (1sg.f): फोड़ूँगी (phodoongii)
future (1pl.m): फोड़ेंगे (phodenge)
future (1pl.f): फोड़ेंगी (phodengii)
future (2sg.m): फोड़ेगा (phodegaa)
future (2sg.f): फोड़ेगी (phodegii)
future (2pl.m): फोड़ोगे (phodoge)
future (2pl.f): फोड़ोगी (phodogii)
future (3sg.m): फोड़ेगा (phodegaa)
future (3sg.f): फोड़ेगी (phodegii)
future (3pl.m): फोड़ेंगे (phodenge)
future (3pl.f): फोड़ेंगी (phodengii)
subjunctive (1sg): फोड़ूँ (phodoon)
subjunctive (1pl): फोड़ें (phoden)
subjunctive (2sg): फोड़े (phode)
subjunctive (2pl): फोड़ो (phodo)
subjunctive (3sg): फोड़े (phode)
subjunctive (3pl): फोड़ें (phoden)