के विरुद्ध (ke viruddh)
postposition
A compound postposition meaning 'against' -- used for opposition, contrast, or resistance, as in going against someone's wishes or a case filed against a person. Formal register cousin of के खिलाफ़ (ke khilaaf).
Sense
1
:
against (in opposition to)
postposition Takes a genitive-marked noun before it, following the के pattern (e.g. उसके विरुद्ध (uske viruddh, 'against him')); functions like other compound postpositions built on के.
Synonyms: के खिलाफ़ (ke khilaaf), के प्रतिकूल (ke pratikool, literary)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You will meet this constantly in news reports and legal language -- FIR दर्ज की गई उसके विरुद्ध (uske viruddh, 'against him') is standard courtroom and journalistic phrasing, whereas your friend complaining about their boss would more naturally say के खिलाफ़ (ke khilaaf). Sensing this formal/informal split between the two near-synonyms is a genuinely useful ear to develop.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for के खिलाफ़ (ke khilaaf) by default since it is more common in spoken Hindi -- के विरुद्ध (ke viruddh) is the choice in formal, legal, or written contexts, such as a court case or an official complaint. 2) It is not used for simple physical facing-direction contrast (like 'against the wall') -- that calls for a different postposition such as से सटा (se sataa) or टेककर (tekkar), not के विरुद्ध (ke viruddh).
Sample Sentences:
पुलिस ने चोर के विरुद्ध रिपोर्ट दर्ज की।
The police filed a report against the thief.
(pulis ne chor ke viruddh riport darj kii।)
Listen: F85
अदालत ने कंपनी के विरुद्ध फ़ैसला सुनाया।
The court pronounced a verdict against the company.
(adaalat ne kampnii ke viruddh faislaa sunaayaa।)
Listen: M85
उसके विरुद्ध कई गवाह पेश किए गए।
Several witnesses were presented against him.
(uske viruddh kaii gavaah pesh kie gae।)
Listen: M85
सरकार के विरुद्ध यह मुक़दमा अदालत में लंबित है।
This case against the government is pending in court.
(sarkaar ke viruddh yah muqadmaa adaalat men lambit hai।)
Listen: F85
मंत्री के विरुद्ध भ्रष्टाचार के आरोप लगाए गए हैं।
Corruption charges have been leveled against the minister.
(mantrii ke viruddh bhrashtaachaar ke aarop lagaae gae hain।)
Listen: M85
वकील ने प्रतिवादी के विरुद्ध सबूत पेश किए।
The lawyer presented evidence against the defendant.
(vakiil ne prativaadii ke viruddh saboot pesh kie।)
Listen: F85
यदि आवश्यक हो तो हम उसके विरुद्ध क़ानूनी कार्रवाई करेंगे।
If necessary, we will take legal action against him.
(yadi aavashyak ho to ham uske viruddh qaanoonii kaarrvaaii karenge।)
Listen: M85
इस नीति के विरुद्ध आवाज़ उठाना हर नागरिक का अधिकार है।
Raising one's voice against this policy is every citizen's right.
(is niiti ke viruddh aavaaz uthaanaa har naagrik kaa adhikaar hai।)
Listen: F85
अभियुक्त के विरुद्ध पर्याप्त प्रमाण न होते, तो मामला ख़ारिज हो जाता।
If there hadn't been sufficient evidence against the accused, the case would have been dismissed.
(abhiyukt ke viruddh paryaapt pramaan n hote, to maamlaa khaarij ho jaataa।)
Listen: M85
इस संगठन के विरुद्ध जो षड्यंत्र रचा गया, वह उजागर हो चुका है।
The conspiracy that was hatched against this organization has already been exposed.
(is sangthan ke viruddh jo shadyantr rachaa gayaa, vah ujaagar ho chukaa hai।)
Listen: F85