के अंदर (ke andar)

postposition A compound postposition meaning 'inside/within'; built from the oblique-marking postposition के (ke) plus अंदर (andar, 'inside'). Used both spatially and temporally.
Sense 1 : spatial: inside, within (a place/container)
postposition Governs the oblique case on the preceding noun, like other compound postpositions ending in a governing word: घर के अंदर (ghar ke andar, 'inside the house').
Synonyms: में (men, simpler/more common alternative), के भीतर (ke bhiitar, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Think of में (men) as the everyday, all-purpose 'in,' while के अंदर (ke andar) adds a sharper sense of enclosure -- useful when you want to stress that something is tucked away inside a bag, a room, or a box rather than loosely 'at' a place.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often reach for सिर्फ़ में (men) when के अंदर (ke andar) would sound more natural for emphasizing containment or enclosure, e.g. describing something literally inside a box or room rather than just 'at' a location. 2) Some learners drop के (ke) and say just अंदर (andar) after a plain noun without the required oblique link, producing an ungrammatical string like कमरा अंदर instead of कमरे के अंदर (kamre ke andar).
Sample Sentences:
किताब बैग के अंदर रखी है। The book is kept inside the bag.
(kitaab baig ke andar rakhii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बच्चे कमरे के अंदर खेल रहे हैं। The children are playing inside the room.
(bachche kamre ke andar khel rahe hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
डिब्बे के अंदर क्या है, देखो तो। See what's inside the box.
(dibbe ke andar kyaa hai, dekho to।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर सामान अलमारी के अंदर होता, तो हम इतनी परेशानी में नहीं पड़ते। If the stuff had been inside the cupboard, we wouldn't have gotten into so much trouble.
(agar saamaan almaarii ke andar hotaa, to ham itnii pareshaanii men nahiin padte।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
पैसे तिजोरी के अंदर रखे गए थे। The money had been kept inside the safe.
(paise tijorii ke andar rakhe gae the।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
मुझे लगता है कि चाबी दराज़ के अंदर हो सकती है। I think the key might be inside the drawer.
(mujhe lagtaa hai ki chaabii daraaz ke andar ho saktii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
वह गुफा के अंदर घुस गया। He went right inside the cave.
(vah guphaa ke andar ghus gayaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
मैडम, कृपया अपना सामान गाड़ी के अंदर ही रखें। Madam, please keep your luggage inside the car itself.
(maidam, kripyaa apnaa saamaan gaadii ke andar hii rakhen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
हर घर के अंदर एक कहानी छिपी होती है। A story lies hidden inside every house.
(har ghar ke andar ek kahaanii chhipii hotii hai।)
Register: Literary -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मंदिर के अंदर मूर्ति के सामने दीये जलाए जाते हैं। Lamps are lit inside the temple in front of the idol.
(mandir ke andar moorti ke saamne diiye jalaae jaate hain।)
Register: Devotional -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
पिंजरे के अंदर एक तोता बैठा है। There's a parrot sitting inside the cage.
(pinjre ke andar ek totaa baithaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : temporal: within (a time frame)
postposition Used with time expressions to mean 'within X time': दो दिन के अंदर (do din ke andar, 'within two days').
Synonyms: में (men, also used for time frames)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: You'll hear this a lot in official or semi-formal contexts -- a bank clerk or government form might say पाँच दिन के अंदर (paanch din ke andar, 'within five days') where a friend would just say पाँच दिन में (paanch din men).
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes use के अंदर (ke andar) where native speakers would just as naturally say में (men) for time frames, e.g. दो घंटे में (do ghante men) versus दो घंटे के अंदर (do ghante ke andar); both are correct but के अंदर (ke andar) leans slightly more formal or emphatic about the deadline.
Sample Sentences:
कृपया पाँच दिन के अंदर भुगतान कर दें। Please make the payment within five days.
(kripyaa paanch din ke andar bhugtaan kar den।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
आपको यह फॉर्म एक हफ्ते के अंदर जमा करना होगा। You will have to submit this form within a week.
(aapko yah phorm ek haphte ke andar jamaa karnaa hogaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
बैंक ने कहा कि खाता चौबीस घंटे के अंदर बंद कर दिया जाएगा। The bank said that the account would be closed within twenty-four hours.
(baink ne kahaa ki khaataa chaubiis ghante ke andar band kar diyaa jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
अगर आप तीस दिन के अंदर शिकायत नहीं करते, तो दावा रद्द हो जाएगा। If you do not file a complaint within thirty days, the claim will be cancelled.
(agar aap tiis din ke andar shikaayat nahiin karte, to daavaa radd ho jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उन्होंने महीने के अंदर सारा कर्ज़ चुका दिया। He paid off the entire loan within a month.
(unhonne mahiine ke andar saaraa karz chukaa diyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
काश हम दो घंटे के अंदर पहुँच पाते। If only we could have arrived within two hours.
(kaash ham do ghante ke andar pahunch paate।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
अधिकारी ने आदेश दिया कि रिपोर्ट तीन दिन के अंदर तैयार की जाए। The officer ordered that the report be prepared within three days.
(adhikaarii ne aadesh diyaa ki riport tiin din ke andar taiyaar kii jaae।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Passive
यह काम एक घंटे के अंदर पूरा हो जाना चाहिए। This work should be completed within an hour.
(yah kaam ek ghante ke andar pooraa ho jaanaa chaahie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
कंपनी हर आवेदन का जवाब पंद्रह दिन के अंदर देती है। The company responds to every application within fifteen days.
(kampnii har aavedan kaa javaab pandrah din ke andar detii hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active