रखना (rakhnaa)

verb A core transitive verb meaning 'to put/place' that fans out into several everyday uses: literal placement, keeping something in one's possession, fixed idioms of abstract 'keeping' (ध्यान रखना (dhyaan rakhnaa)), a grammatical auxiliary marking a lasting result (लिख रखना (likh rakhnaa)), hiring domestic help, and observing a religious fast.
Sense 1 : to put/place (an object somewhere)
verb, transitive
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is the plain, physical sense you'll hear constantly around the house: सामान वहीं रख दो (saamaan vahiin rakh do, 'just put the stuff right there') is something every Indian mother says while cleaning up.
Common Mistakes: 1) Location goes with पर (par) or में (men), not को: किताब मेज़ पर रखो (kitaab mez par rakho, 'put the book on the table'), never किताब मेज़ को रखो.
Sample Sentences:
सामान वहीं रख दो। Just put the stuff right there.
(saamaan vahiin rakh do।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
मैंने किताब मेज़ पर रख दी। I put the book on the table.
(mainne kitaab mez par rakh dii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
वह हर शाम अपने जूते दरवाज़े के पास रखता है। He puts his shoes near the door every evening.
(vah har shaam apne joote darvaaze ke paas rakhtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
माँ रसोई में मसाले सलीके से रख रही है। Mom is placing the spices neatly in the kitchen.
(maan rasoii men masaale saliike se rakh rahii hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कृपया अपना फ़ोन यहाँ रखें। Please put your phone here.
(kripyaa apnaa fon yahaan rakhen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
गमला बालकनी में रखा गया था। The pot had been placed on the balcony.
(gamlaa baalaknii men rakhaa gayaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
अगर तुम सामान करीने से रखते तो कमरा इतना गंदा न लगता। If you had put the things away neatly, the room wouldn't look so messy.
(agar tum saamaan kariine se rakhte to kamraa itnaa gandaa n lagtaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
मैं सुझाव देता हूँ कि तुम बैग को यहाँ मत रखो, कोई ठोकर खा सकता है। I'd suggest you not put the bag here, someone might trip over it.
(main sujhaav detaa hoon ki tum baig ko yahaan mat rakho, koii thokar khaa saktaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मूर्ति को मंदिर के मुख्य कक्ष में रखा जाएगा। The idol will be placed in the main chamber of the temple.
(moorti ko mandir ke mukhy kaksh men rakhaa jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
वैज्ञानिकों ने नमूने को सावधानी से एक कांच के बर्तन में रखा। The scientists carefully placed the sample in a glass container.
(vaigyaanikon ne namoone ko saavdhaanii se ek kaanch ke bartan men rakhaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बच्चे अपने खिलौने इधर-उधर रख देते हैं। The kids leave their toys lying around all over the place.
(bachche apne khilaune idhar-udhar rakh dete hain।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : to keep/maintain (an abstract quality, attitude, or relationship)
verb, transitive Combines with abstract nouns to form fixed collocations: ध्यान रखना (dhyaan rakhnaa, to take care/pay attention), ख़्याल रखना (khyaal rakhnaa, to look after), भरोसा रखना (bharosaa rakhnaa, to trust), उम्मीद रखना (ummiid rakhnaa, to hope), संबंध/रिश्ता रखना (rishtaa rakhnaa, to maintain a relationship).
Synonyms: बनाए रखना (banaae rakhnaa, to sustain/maintain over time)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: अपना ख्याल रखना (apnaa khyaal rakhnaa) is practically the Hindi equivalent of 'take care' as a parting line -- you'll hear it at the end of almost every phone call with family.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often translate these word-for-word instead of learning them as fixed units -- अपना ख्याल रखना (apnaa khyaal rakhnaa, 'take care of yourself') does not mean 'keep your thought,' it's the standard Hindi way to say 'take care.'
Sample Sentences:
अपना ख्याल रखना। Take care of yourself.
(apnaa khyaal rakhnaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
वह हमेशा दूसरों से अच्छे संबंध रखता है। He always maintains good relations with others.
(vah hameshaa doosron se achchhe sambandh rakhtaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
कृपया थोड़ा धीरज रखें, काम हो जाएगा। Please keep a little patience, the work will get done.
(kripyaa thodaa dhiiraj rakhen, kaam ho jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
मैं उससे कोई उम्मीद नहीं रखता। I don't keep any expectations from him.
(main usse koii ummiid nahiin rakhtaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर वह थोड़ा विश्वास रखता, तो यह रिश्ता टूटता नहीं। If he had kept a little trust, this relationship wouldn't have broken.
(agar vah thodaa vishvaas rakhtaa, to yah rishtaa toottaa nahiin।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
हमें अपने बड़ों के लिए सम्मान रखना चाहिए। We should maintain respect for our elders.
(hamen apne badon ke lie sammaan rakhnaa chaahie।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने अपनी बात पर हमेशा यकीन रखा। She always kept faith in her own word.
(usne apnii baat par hameshaa yakiin rakhaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
काश वह अपने गुस्से पर काबू रखता। If only he kept his anger under control.
(kaash vah apne gusse par kaaboo rakhtaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
यह रिश्ता तभी बना रह सकता है जब दोनों तरफ से सम्मान रखा जाए। This relationship can only continue if respect is maintained from both sides.
(yah rishtaa tabhii banaa rah saktaa hai jab donon taraph se sammaan rakhaa jaae।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
मुझसे दूरी रखो, अभी मेरा मन ठीक नहीं है। Keep your distance from me, I'm not feeling okay right now.
(mujhse doorii rakho, abhii meraa man thiik nahiin hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
फ़ोन रखते हुए उसने कहा, अपना ख्याल रखना। While hanging up the phone, she said, take care of yourself.
(fon rakhte hue usne kahaa, apnaa khyaal rakhnaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 3 : auxiliary marking a lasting, deliberate result (verb stem + रखना)
verb, transitive Attached to a verb stem (खोल रखना (khol rakhnaa), बना रखना (banaa rakhnaa)), रखना (rakhnaa) marks that an action was done on purpose and its result is still holding -- e.g. दरवाज़ा खोल रखा है (darvaazaa khol rakhaa hai, 'the door has been kept open') implies someone deliberately left it open and it's still open now.
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: This is a very Hindi way of talking about preparedness -- मैंने चाय बना रखी है (mainne chaay banaa rakhii hai, 'I've got tea ready') is exactly what a host says when guests are expected any minute.
Common Mistakes: 1) Don't confuse this with the plain perfect: मैंने खाना बनाया है (mainne khaanaa banaayaa hai, 'I have cooked') just reports the event, while मैंने खाना बना रखा है (mainne khaanaa banaa rakhaa hai, 'I've kept food made/ready') stresses that it's sitting ready right now.
Sample Sentences:
मैंने चाय बना रखी है, कोई भी आ जाए तो चलेगा। I've got tea made, so it's fine whoever comes.
(mainne chaay banaa rakhii hai, koii bhii aa jaae to chalegaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने सारा सामान पहले से पैक कर रखा था। She had packed all the luggage in advance and kept it that way.
(usne saaraa saamaan pahle se paik kar rakhaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
दरवाज़ा बंद कर रखो, बाहर बहुत ठंड है। Keep the door shut, it's very cold outside.
(darvaazaa band kar rakho, baahar bahut thand hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
मुझे उम्मीद है कि उसने टिकट बुक कर रखे होंगे। I hope he's already booked the tickets and has them ready.
(mujhe ummiid hai ki usne tikat buk kar rakhe honge।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर उसने पहले से खाना बना रखा होता, तो हम भूखे नहीं रहते। If she had cooked the food in advance, we wouldn't have stayed hungry.
(agar usne pahle se khaanaa banaa rakhaa hotaa, to ham bhookhe nahiin rahte।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
कंपनी ने सारे दस्तावेज़ पहले से तैयार करा रखे हैं। The company has had all the documents prepared in advance.
(kampnii ne saare dastaavez pahle se taiyaar karaa rakhe hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मेहमानों के आने से पहले सब कुछ सजा रखा जाता है। Everything is arranged and left ready before the guests arrive.
(mehmaanon ke aane se pahle sab kuchh sajaa rakhaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
क्या तुमने प्रोजेक्ट की रिपोर्ट लिख रखी है? Have you already written the project report and got it ready?
(kyaa tumne projekt kii riport likh rakhii hai?)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने घर की सफ़ाई करा रखी थी, इसलिए मेहमान आराम से बैठ गए। She had gotten the house cleaned in advance, so the guests sat down comfortably.
(usne ghar kii safaaii karaa rakhii thii, islie mehmaan aaraam se baith gae।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
बेहतर होगा कि तुम अपनी बात लिखकर रख लो, बाद में भूल जाओगे। It'd be better if you write your point down and keep it noted, you'll forget later otherwise.
(behtar hogaa ki tum apnii baat likhkar rakh lo, baad men bhool jaaoge।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
सैनिकों ने सीमा पर हथियार तैनात कर रखे हैं। The soldiers have deployed weapons at the border and kept them in position.
(sainikon ne siimaa par hathiyaar tainaat kar rakhe hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 4 : to keep/retain (something in one's possession)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: संभालकर रखना (sambhaalkar rakhnaa, to keep safely)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Said when someone hands you something and tells you to hang onto it: यह किताब तुम रख लो (yah kitaab tum rakh lo, 'you keep this book') -- the compound रख लेना (rakh lenaa) form softens it into a little gift or favor.
Sample Sentences:
यह किताब तुम रख लो, मुझे अब इसकी ज़रूरत नहीं है। You keep this book, I don't need it anymore.
(yah kitaab tum rakh lo, mujhe ab iskii zaroorat nahiin hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
बचा हुआ पैसा तुम रख लो। Keep the leftover money for yourself.
(bachaa huaa paisaa tum rakh lo।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
वह हमेशा दूसरों की चीज़ें रख लेता है और वापस नहीं करता। He always keeps other people's things and never gives them back.
(vah hameshaa doosron kii chiizen rakh letaa hai aur vaapas nahiin kartaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मैंने वह पुरानी घड़ी रख ली, फेंकने का मन नहीं हुआ। I kept that old watch, I didn't feel like throwing it away.
(mainne vah puraanii ghadii rakh lii, phenkne kaa man nahiin huaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम्हें पसंद है तो रख लो, कोई बात नहीं। If you like it, keep it, no problem.
(agar tumhen pasand hai to rakh lo, koii baat nahiin।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
क्या मैं यह पेन रख सकता हूँ? Can I keep this pen?
(kyaa main yah pen rakh saktaa hoon?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उसने वे सारे तोहफे अपने पास रख लिए थे। She had kept all those gifts for herself.
(usne ve saare tohphe apne paas rakh lie the।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यदि वह ईमानदार होता तो पैसे लौटा देता, रख न लेता। If he were honest, he would have returned the money, not kept it.
(yadi vah iimaandaar hotaa to paise lautaa detaa, rakh n letaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
मालिक ने कहा कि जो सामान बच जाए, वह ग्राहक रख ले। The owner said that whatever goods are left over, the customer may keep.
(maalik ne kahaa ki jo saamaan bach jaae, vah graahak rakh le।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
बख्शीश में मिला यह सिक्का उसने यादगार के तौर पर रख लिया। He kept this coin he got as a tip as a memento.
(bakhshiish men milaa yah sikkaa usne yaadgaar ke taur par rakh liyaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 5 : to employ/hire (domestic help or staff)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: नियुक्त करना (niyukt karnaa, formal)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Very common in describing household arrangements: हमने खाना बनाने के लिए एक कुक रखा है (hamne khaanaa banaane ke lie ek kuk rakhaa hai, 'we've hired a cook') -- reflects how ordinary it is in many Indian homes to have paid domestic help.
Sample Sentences:
हमने खाना बनाने के लिए एक कुक रखा है। We've hired a cook to make food.
(hamne khaanaa banaane ke lie ek kuk rakhaa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
उन्होंने घर की सफाई के लिए एक नौकर रखा था। They had hired a servant for cleaning the house.
(unhonne ghar kii saphaaii ke lie ek naukar rakhaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम बच्चों के लिए कोई आया रखोगी? Will you hire a nanny for the kids?
(kyaa tum bachchon ke lie koii aayaa rakhogii?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
हम एक माली रखते हैं जो हफ्ते में दो बार आता है। We keep a gardener who comes twice a week.
(ham ek maalii rakhte hain jo haphte men do baar aataa hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर पैसे होते तो हम एक ड्राइवर भी रख लेते। If we had the money, we would have hired a driver too.
(agar paise hote to ham ek draaivar bhii rakh lete।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Perfective -- Voice: Active
इतने बड़े घर के लिए तो कम से कम दो नौकर रखने चाहिए। For such a big house, one should hire at least two servants.
(itne bade ghar ke lie to kam se kam do naukar rakhne chaahie।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
कंपनी ने नई ब्रांच के लिए दस लोग रखे हैं। The company has hired ten people for the new branch.
(kampnii ne naii braanch ke lie das log rakhe hain।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
पहले नौकर रख लो, फिर घर की सारी चिंता छोड़ दो। First hire a servant, then stop worrying about the house.
(pahle naukar rakh lo, phir ghar kii saarii chintaa chhod do।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
जब तक बच्चा छोटा है, कोई आया रखी जा सकती है। As long as the child is small, a nanny can be hired.
(jab tak bachchaa chhotaa hai, koii aayaa rakhii jaa saktii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
उसने बुढ़ापे में अपनी देखभाल के लिए एक नर्स रख ली है। In old age, he has hired a nurse to take care of himself.
(usne budhaape men apnii dekhbhaal ke lie ek nars rakh lii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
Sense 6 : to observe (a religious fast or vow)
verb, transitive
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: Heard around festivals: व्रत रखना (vrat rakhnaa) for a Hindu fast like करवा चौथ (karvaa chauth) or रोज़ा रखना (rozaa rakhnaa) during रमज़ान (ramzaan) -- both use रखना (rakhnaa) rather than any 'fasting' verb.
Sample Sentences:
मेरी माँ करवा चौथ का व्रत रखती हैं। My mother keeps the Karva Chauth fast.
(merii maan karvaa chauth kaa vrat rakhtii hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
इस रमज़ान में मैंने पूरे तीस रोज़े रखे। This Ramzan I kept all thirty fasts.
(is ramzaan men mainne poore tiis roze rakhe।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम कल व्रत रखोगी? Will you keep a fast tomorrow?
(kyaa tum kal vrat rakhogii?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
वह अपने पति की लंबी उम्र के लिए व्रत रख रही है। She is keeping a fast for her husband's long life.
(vah apne pati kii lambii umr ke lie vrat rakh rahii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
अगर मुझे तबीयत ठीक होती तो मैं भी रोज़ा रखता। If I had been well, I would have kept the fast too.
(agar mujhe tabiiyat thiik hotii to main bhii rozaa rakhtaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
व्रत रखो, पर अपनी सेहत का भी ध्यान रखो। Keep the fast, but take care of your health too.
(vrat rakho, par apnii sehat kaa bhii dhyaan rakho।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
गाँव में बहुत सी औरतें सोमवार का व्रत रखती हैं। Many women in the village keep a fast on Mondays.
(gaanv men bahut sii aurten somvaar kaa vrat rakhtii hain।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
शायद वह इस बार नवरात्रि का व्रत न रखे। Perhaps she won't keep the Navratri fast this time.
(shaayad vah is baar navraatri kaa vrat n rakhe।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
श्रद्धालुओं द्वारा एकादशी का व्रत बड़ी श्रद्धा से रखा जाता है। The Ekadashi fast is kept by devotees with great devotion.
(shraddhaaluon dvaaraa ekaadshii kaa vrat badii shraddhaa se rakhaa jaataa hai।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Passive
बचपन में मैं अपनी दादी के साथ छोटा-सा व्रत रखता था। As a child, I used to keep a small fast with my grandmother.
(bachpan men main apnii daadii ke saath chhotaa-saa vrat rakhtaa thaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Verb
infinitive: रखना (rakhnaa)
infinitive oblique: रखने (rakhne)
habitual/simple (sg.m): रखता (rakhtaa)
habitual/simple (pl.m): रखते (rakhte)
habitual/simple (sg.f): रखती (rakhtii)
habitual/simple (pl.f): रखतीं (rakhtiin)
continuous (sg.m): रख रहा (rakh rahaa)
continuous (pl.m): रख रहे (rakh rahe)
continuous (sg.f): रख रही (rakh rahii)
continuous (pl.f): रख रहीं (rakh rahiin)
perfective (sg.m): रखा (rakhaa)
perfective (pl.m): रखे (rakhe)
perfective (sg.f): रखी (rakhii)
perfective (pl.f): रखीं (rakhiin)
imperative (informal): रख (rakh)
imperative (neutral): रखो (rakho)
imperative (formal): रखिए (rakhie)
future (1sg.m): रखूँगा (rakhoongaa)
future (1sg.f): रखूँगी (rakhoongii)
future (1pl.m): रखेंगे (rakhenge)
future (1pl.f): रखेंगी (rakhengii)
future (2sg.m): रखेगा (rakhegaa)
future (2sg.f): रखेगी (rakhegii)
future (2pl.m): रखोगे (rakhoge)
future (2pl.f): रखोगी (rakhogii)
future (3sg.m): रखेगा (rakhegaa)
future (3sg.f): रखेगी (rakhegii)
future (3pl.m): रखेंगे (rakhenge)
future (3pl.f): रखेंगी (rakhengii)
subjunctive (1sg): रखूँ (rakhoon)
subjunctive (1pl): रखें (rakhen)
subjunctive (2sg): रखे (rakhe)
subjunctive (2pl): रखो (rakho)
subjunctive (3sg): रखे (rakhe)
subjunctive (3pl): रखें (rakhen)