किसी (kisii)

pronoun/adjective This is the oblique form of कोई (koii, 'someone/any'), used whenever a postposition follows or the phrase requires oblique case -- for example before को (ko), से (se), or ने (ne), or before an oblique noun.
Sense 1 : someone, anyone (oblique form, used before postpositions)
pronoun Functions as the oblique-case form of कोई (koii); appears with a following postposition (किसी को kisii ko, किसी से kisii se) or as a ने-marked transitive subject (किसी ने kisii ne).
Synonyms: कोई (koii, direct-case counterpart)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: Think of कोई (koii) and किसी (kisii) as one word wearing two hats: कोई (koii) stands alone as subject or object, but the moment a postposition shows up -- को, से, ने, का -- it must switch to किसी (kisii). This is the same shift you already know from मैं (main) becoming मुझे (mujhe) or मुझसे (mujhse).
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners often use कोई (koii) where a postposition follows, saying कोई को (koii ko) instead of the correct किसी को (kisii ko) -- कोई (koii) is direct case only. 2) With transitive verbs in the past, the subject must be किसी ने (kisii ne), not कोई ने (koii ne), even though this looks like an exception until you remember किसी (kisii) is already the oblique form ने (ne) requires.
Sample Sentences:
क्या किसी को चाय चाहिए? Does anyone want tea?
(kyaa kisii ko chaay chaahie?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मुझे किसी से बात करनी है। I need to talk to someone.
(mujhe kisii se baat karnii hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
किसी ने मुझे यह बात नहीं बताई। No one told me this.
(kisii ne mujhe yah baat nahiin bataaii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
यह किसी का बैग लग रहा है। This looks like someone's bag.
(yah kisii kaa baig lag rahaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Continuous -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
किसी को भी अंदर मत आने दो। Don't let anyone come inside.
(kisii ko bhii andar mat aane do।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
अगर किसी से मदद मिल जाए तो अच्छा रहेगा। It would be good if we could get help from someone.
(agar kisii se madad mil jaae to achchhaa rahegaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Voice: Active
काश किसी को इस बारे में पता होता। I wish someone knew about this.
(kaash kisii ko is baare men pataa hotaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
यह काम किसी के द्वारा पूरा किया जाएगा। This work will be completed by someone.
(yah kaam kisii ke dvaaraa pooraa kiyaa jaaegaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Passive
क्या आपने किसी से इस बारे में पूछा? Did you ask anyone about this?
(kyaa aapne kisii se is baare men poochhaa?)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
वह हमेशा किसी न किसी से उलझता रहता है। He is always tangling with someone or the other.
(vah hameshaa kisii n kisii se ulajhtaa rahtaa hai।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
मैंने किसी को भी अपनी योजना नहीं बताई थी। I hadn't told anyone about my plan.
(mainne kisii ko bhii apnii yojnaa nahiin bataaii thii।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Sense 2 : some, any (indefinite, modifying an oblique noun)
adjective Precedes a noun that itself is in an oblique context, e.g. किसी दिन (kisii din, 'some day'), किसी वजह से (kisii vajah se, 'for some reason'), किसी किताब में (kisii kitaab men, 'in some book').
Synonyms: कोई (koii, direct-case counterpart, used before a direct-case noun)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear किसी तरह (kisii tarah) constantly in everyday complaining -- 'somehow I managed it' -- and किसी न किसी दिन (kisii n kisii din, 'some day or other') when someone is being vague about plans, a very Delhi way of not committing to a date.
Common Mistakes: 1) Learners sometimes keep कोई (koii) before a noun that is followed by a postposition -- कोई वजह से (koii vajah se) is wrong; it must be किसी वजह से (kisii vajah se). 2) The fixed phrase किसी तरह (kisii tarah, 'somehow') and किसी न किसी तरह (kisii n kisii tarah, 'one way or another') are idiomatic and worth learning as chunks rather than building from scratch.
Sample Sentences:
मुझे किसी किताब की ज़रूरत है। I need some book (or other).
(mujhe kisii kitaab kii zaroorat hai।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
किसी तरह मैंने यह काम पूरा कर लिया। Somehow I managed to finish this work.
(kisii tarah mainne yah kaam pooraa kar liyaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
क्या तुम्हारे पास किसी दुकान का नंबर है? Do you have some shop's number?
(kyaa tumhaare paas kisii dukaan kaa nambar hai?)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
हम किसी न किसी दिन मिलेंगे ही। We'll meet some day or other, for sure.
(ham kisii n kisii din milenge hii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Tense: Future -- Voice: Active
अगर तुम्हें किसी वजह से देर हो जाए तो फ़ोन कर देना। If for some reason you get late, do call.
(agar tumhen kisii vajah se der ho jaae to fon kar denaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
किसी अच्छे डॉक्टर को दिखा लो, यह खांसी ठीक नहीं हो रही। Go show it to some good doctor, this cough isn't getting better.
(kisii achchhe doktar ko dikhaa lo, yah khaansii thiik nahiin ho rahii।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Imperative -- Voice: Active
यह पत्र किसी अनजान भाषा में लिखा गया था। This letter was written in some unknown language.
(yah patr kisii anjaan bhaashaa men likhaa gayaa thaa।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Passive
यदि किसी विशेष कारण से बैठक स्थगित करनी हो तो सूचित करें। If the meeting needs to be postponed for some particular reason, please inform us.
(yadi kisii vishesh kaaran se baithak sthagit karnii ho to soochit karen।)
Register: Formal -- Mood: Subjunctive -- Tense: Present -- Voice: Active
बचपन में मैं किसी बात की चिंता नहीं करता था। In childhood I never used to worry about anything.
(bachpan men main kisii baat kii chintaa nahiin kartaa thaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Habitual -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
अगर मेरे पास किसी दोस्त की मदद होती, तो मैं यह मुश्किल आसानी से हल कर लेता। If I had had some friend's help, I would have solved this difficulty easily.
(agar mere paas kisii dost kii madad hotii, to main yah mushkil aasaanii se hal kar letaa।)
Register: Neutral -- Mood: Counterfactual -- Aspect: Habitual -- Voice: Active
किसी छोटी सी बात पर उनका झगड़ा हो गया। They got into a fight over some small matter.
(kisii chhotii sii baat par unkaa jhagdaa ho gayaa।)
Register: Casual -- Mood: Indicative -- Aspect: Perfective -- Tense: Past -- Voice: Active
Morphology
Adjective (invariant)
invariant: किसी (kisii)