दोहराना (dohraanaa)
verb
दोहराना (dohraanaa) is a transitive verb built on the root दो- (do, 'two') plus हराना, giving the core sense 'to do a second time' -- it covers both literal repetition of words/actions and the extended sense of revising lessons.
Sense
1
:
to repeat (words, an action, a statement)
verb, transitive
Synonyms: दुहराना (duhraanaa, variant spelling), पुनरावृत्ति करना (punraavritti karnaa, formal)
Frequency: high
Cultural Note: You will hear this constantly in classrooms and language drills -- a teacher says मेरे बाद दोहराओ (mere baad dohraao, 'repeat after me') before the class echoes a word or sentence back in chorus. It is also the polite way to ask someone to repeat themselves: क्या आप दोहरा सकते हैं? (kyaa aap dohraa sakte hain, 'could you repeat that?').
Common Mistakes: 1) Because दोहराना (dohraanaa) already builds in the idea of 'once more,' learners often pile on दुबारा (dubaaraa) as well, producing the redundant दुबारा दोहराना (dubaaraa dohraanaa, 'to repeat again') -- native speakers just say दोहराना (dohraanaa) alone. 2) It describes repeating a specific thing said or done, not habitual repeated action over time -- for 'he keeps repeating this mistake' speakers usually reach for बार-बार (baar-baar, 'again and again') plus a plain verb rather than दोहराना (dohraanaa) alone.
Sample Sentences:
मेरे बाद दोहराओ।
Repeat after me.
(mere baad dohraao।)
क्या आप अपनी बात दोहरा सकते हैं?
Could you repeat what you said?
(kyaa aap apnii baat dohraa sakte hain?)
टीचर हर शब्द को दो बार दोहराती है।
The teacher repeats every word twice.
(tiichar har shabd ko do baar dohraatii hai।)
वह अपनी वही पुरानी बात दोहरा रहा था।
He was repeating that same old point of his.
(vah apnii vahii puraanii baat dohraa rahaa thaa।)
मैंने अपना सवाल तीन बार दोहराया।
I repeated my question three times.
(mainne apnaa savaal tiin baar dohraayaa।)
अगर तुम फिर यह गलती दोहराओगे, तो मुझे बुरा लगेगा।
If you repeat this mistake again, I will feel bad.
(agar tum phir yah galtii dohraaoge, to mujhe buraa lagegaa।)
काश तुम अपनी बात इतनी बार न दोहराते।
I wish you hadn't repeated yourself so many times.
(kaash tum apnii baat itnii baar n dohraate।)
यह वाक्य फिर से दोहराया जाए, ताकि सब समझ जाएँ।
Let this sentence be repeated again, so that everyone understands.
(yah vaaky phir se dohraayaa jaae, taaki sab samajh jaaen।)
इतिहास खुद को दोहराता है, ऐसा कहा जाता है।
History repeats itself, or so it is said.
(itihaas khud ko dohraataa hai, aisaa kahaa jaataa hai।)
गुरुजी ने वही मंत्र दोहराने को कहा।
The guru told him to repeat the same mantra.
(gurujii ne vahii mantr dohraane ko kahaa।)
यह गलती दोबारा नहीं दोहराई जानी चाहिए।
This mistake should not be repeated again.
(yah galtii dobaaraa nahiin dohraaii jaanii chaahie।)
Sense
2
:
to revise, go over again (study material)
verb, transitive Very commonly paired with पाठ (paath, 'lesson') or सबक (sabak, 'lesson') as in अपना पाठ दोहराना (apnaa paath dohraanaa, 'to revise one's lesson').
Synonyms: रिवीज़न करना (riviizan karnaa, colloquial loanword), याद करना (yaad karnaa, meaning scope: memorize)
Frequency: medium
Cultural Note: This is the word every Indian student hears before exams -- a parent or teacher saying अपने नोट्स दोहरा लो (apne nots dohraa lo, 'go over your notes') rather than पढ़ना (padhnaa, 'to study/read'), because the emphasis is on going back over material already learned, not learning it fresh.
Sample Sentences:
इम्तिहान से पहले अपने नोट्स दोहरा लो।
Go over your notes before the exam.
(imtihaan se pahle apne nots dohraa lo।)
मैं रात को सोने से पहले पूरा दिन का पढ़ा हुआ दोहराता हूँ।
I revise the whole day's lessons before going to sleep at night.
(main raat ko sone se pahle pooraa din kaa padhaa huaa dohraataa hoon।)
वह परीक्षा से एक रात पहले सारे चैप्टर दोहरा रही थी।
She was revising all the chapters the night before the exam.
(vah pariikshaa se ek raat pahle saare chaiptar dohraa rahii thii।)
हमने पूरा सिलेबस तीन बार दोहराया।
We revised the entire syllabus three times.
(hamne pooraa silebas tiin baar dohraayaa।)
अगर तुम रोज़ थोड़ा-थोड़ा दोहराते तो आखिरी रात इतनी टेंशन नहीं होती।
If you revised a little every day, there wouldn't be so much tension on the last night.
(agar tum roz thodaa-thodaa dohraate to aakhirii raat itnii tenshan nahiin hotii।)
क्या तुमने आज गणित के फॉर्मूले दोहरा लिए?
Did you go over the math formulas today?
(kyaa tumne aaj ganit ke phormoole dohraa lie?)
शायद वह कल इतिहास के नोट्स दोहराए।
Maybe she'll go over the history notes tomorrow.
(shaayad vah kal itihaas ke nots dohraae।)
परीक्षा के दिन सुबह पुराने पेपर दोहराना बहुत फायदेमंद रहता है।
Going over old papers on the morning of the exam tends to be very useful.
(pariikshaa ke din subah puraane pepar dohraanaa bahut phaaydemand rahtaa hai।)
टीचर ने कहा कि परीक्षा से पहले सारी थ्योरी दोहराई जाए।
The teacher said that all the theory should be revised before the exam.
(tiichar ne kahaa ki pariikshaa se pahle saarii thyorii dohraaii jaae।)
बोर्ड एग्ज़ाम से पहले हर विषय बार-बार दोहराया जाता है।
Before the board exams, every subject is revised again and again.
(bord egzaam se pahle har vishay baar-baar dohraayaa jaataa hai।)
Morphology
Verb
infinitive:
दोहराना
(dohraanaa)
infinitive oblique:
दोहराने
(dohraane)
habitual/simple (sg.m):
दोहराता
(dohraataa)
habitual/simple (pl.m):
दोहराते
(dohraate)
habitual/simple (sg.f):
दोहराती
(dohraatii)
habitual/simple (pl.f):
दोहरातीं
(dohraatiin)
continuous (sg.m):
दोहरा रहा
(dohraa rahaa)
continuous (pl.m):
दोहरा रहे
(dohraa rahe)
continuous (sg.f):
दोहरा रही
(dohraa rahii)
continuous (pl.f):
दोहरा रहीं
(dohraa rahiin)
perfective (sg.m):
दोहराया
(dohraayaa)
perfective (pl.m):
दोहराए
(dohraae)
perfective (sg.f):
दोहराई
(dohraaii)
perfective (pl.f):
दोहराईं
(dohraaiin)
imperative (informal):
दोहरा
(dohraa)
imperative (neutral):
दोहराओ
(dohraao)
imperative (formal):
दोहराइए
(dohraaie)
future (1sg.m):
दोहराऊँगा
(dohraaoongaa)
future (1sg.f):
दोहराऊँगी
(dohraaoongii)
future (1pl.m):
दोहराएँगे
(dohraaenge)
future (1pl.f):
दोहराएँगी
(dohraaengii)
future (2sg.m):
दोहराएगा
(dohraaegaa)
future (2sg.f):
दोहराएगी
(dohraaegii)
future (2pl.m):
दोहराओगे
(dohraaoge)
future (2pl.f):
दोहराओगी
(dohraaogii)
future (3sg.m):
दोहराएगा
(dohraaegaa)
future (3sg.f):
दोहराएगी
(dohraaegii)
future (3pl.m):
दोहराएँगे
(dohraaenge)
future (3pl.f):
दोहराएँगी
(dohraaengii)
subjunctive (1sg):
दोहराऊँ
(dohraaoon)
subjunctive (1pl):
दोहराएँ
(dohraaen)
subjunctive (2sg):
दोहराए
(dohraae)
subjunctive (2pl):
दोहराओ
(dohraao)
subjunctive (3sg):
दोहराए
(dohraae)
subjunctive (3pl):
दोहराएँ
(dohraaen)